Seismic Evidence for Plume and Subducting Slab in West Yunnan, Southwestern China     

HE Chuansong 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(3):629-636

Western Yunnan is located within a gigantic Tethys orogenic zone between Gondwana and Laurasia. Magmatic activity records of the associated Wilson orogenic cycle show that the causes of plate spreading in the region might have been related to sub-mantle plume. Tectonics, geophysics, sedimentary strata, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere and other research results indicate that there is geological evidence for mantle plume magmatic activities in West Yunnan. Tomography also supports the idea that there is a subducting slab near the Red River fault and an upwelling mantle plume in West Yunnan. Here our research presents seismic evidence for upwelling mantle plume, which is a main cause leading to subducting slab in West Yunnan. The analysis is based on compressional-to-shear (P-to-S) converted seismic phases, recorded on seismograph stations in the Sichuan-Yunnan seismic network, and made a study on 410-km and 660-km discontinuities, as well as on three sections of CCP stacking.  相似文献   

巴楚辉绿岩墙的岩石成因及其对塔里木大火成岩省岩浆演化的启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

位荀  徐义刚 《岩石学报》2013,29(10):3323-3335

早二叠世塔里木大火成岩省主要有两期岩浆活动:以柯坪玄武岩为代表的喷出岩形成较早(~290Ma),以巴楚超基性-基性-长英质侵入体和岩墙为代表的侵入岩形成较晚(~280Ma)。本研究选取代表晚期岩浆活动的巴楚辉绿岩墙为研究对象,旨在为认识塔里木地幔柱活动及与岩石圈的相互作用提供更多信息。巴楚辉绿岩XHZ-10样品中的锆石均为继承性锆石,不能用来限定其侵位时代。然而,野外关系表明巴楚辉绿岩墙属于塔里木大火成岩省的第二期岩浆活动。巴楚辉绿岩墙经历了橄榄石、辉石和磁铁矿的分离结晶。Nd同位素比值与SiO₂和La/Nb比值的相关性以及继承性锆石年龄(2480~717Ma,主要集中在~800Ma)表明,新元古代基底的同化混染作用可以解释其ε_Nd具有较大的变化范围(-2.6~+5.1)。受混染程度最小的样品具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)极其相似的微量元素特征,并且具有亏损的Nd同位素组成(ε_Nd=~+5),暗示其来源于富集的对流地幔源区,与早期(~290Ma)具有岩石圈地幔源区特征的玄武岩形成鲜明对比。本文提出地幔柱侧向流动模型以解释两期岩浆的时空分布和地球化学差异:当地幔柱上升至塔里木岩石圈底部时,巨厚的岩石圈地幔(>140km)会阻碍其减压熔融;但不断积累在岩石圈底部的地幔柱物质提供足够的热,促使早期富集交代的岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,形成~290Ma的玄武岩;地幔柱物质将向岩石圈厚度较薄的边缘地区侧向流动,发生减压熔融,形成的熔体侵位到地壳中形成超基性-基性-长英质侵入岩和辉绿岩墙,并诱发地壳的熔融形成长英质火山岩。  相似文献   

热柱、超级热柱及其成因的研究进展     

谢鸿森  侯渭  周文戈 《地球科学进展》2005,20(10):1095-1099

从20世纪地幔热柱假说问世,经过30多年的发展,在地幔热柱的全球分布、鉴别特征、形态学和成因理论方面都有了长足的进步。特别是通过下地幔不均匀性的研究,发现了下地幔中存在的超级热柱和下地幔底层中的超低速带,为探讨热柱成因提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

Capture and release zones of permeable reactive barriers under the influence of advective–dispersive transport in the aquifer     

《Advances in water resources》2014

The problem of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) capture and release behavior is investigated by means of an approximate analytical approach exploring the invariance of steady-state solutions of the advection–dispersion equation to conformal mapping. PRB configurations considered are doubly-symmetric funnel-and-gate as well as less frequent drain-and-gate systems. The effect of aquifer heterogeneity on contaminant plume spreading is hereby incorporated through an effective transverse macro-dispersion coefficient, which has to be known. Results are normalized and graphically represented in terms of a relative capture efficiency M of contaminant mass or groundwater passing a control plane (transect) at a sufficient distance up-stream of a PRB as to comply with underlying assumptions. Factors of safety FS are given as the ratios of required capture width under advective–dispersive and purely advective transport for achieving equal capture efficiency M. It is found that M also applies to the release behavior down-stream of a PRB, i.e., it describes the spreading and dilution of PRB treated groundwater possibly containing incompletely remediated contamination and/or remediation reaction products. Hypothetical examples are given to demonstrate results.  相似文献   

Interannual Variations of the Blocking High over the Ural Mountains and Its Association with the AO/NAO in Boreal Winter   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

LI Chao  ZHANG Qingyun  JI Liren  PENG Jingbei 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(2):163-175

This paper analyzes interannual variations of the blocking high over the Ural Mountains in the boreal winter and their association with the Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation (AO/NAO).In Jan...  相似文献   

Geochemistry of mafic rocks of the Karakaya complex,Turkey: evidence for plume-involvement in the Palaeotethyan extensional regime during the Middle and Late Triassic     

Kaan Sayıt  M. Cemal Göncüoglu 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(2):367-385

The Karakaya Complex within the Early Mesozoic Cimmerian Orogeny in northern Turkey represents the remnants of the Palaeotethys. It includes slivers and/or mega-blocks of slightly metamorphic basic volcanic rocks associated with fossiliferous sediments as well as hypabyssal and intrusive rocks with basaltic-andesitic to ultramafic compositions. They display two distinct compositional groups; namely alkaline and variably tholeiitic. The alkaline basalt samples are more akin to oceanic-island basalts (OIB) with relatively enriched trace element characteristics together with strong partitioning in HREE ([La/Yb]_N = 5.8–16.2), suggesting that garnet is present as a residual phase in the source of those basalts. The variably tholeiitic samples apart from diabases display E-MORB characteristics; being relatively depleted compared to the alkaline counterparts and less fractionated REE patterns ([La/Yb]_N = 2.1–3.6). The diabases, on the other hand, are distinctively different with a significant negative Nb anomaly (Zr/Nb = 28.9–43.4) and flat REE patterns ([La/Yb]_N = 0.8–1.4), suggesting their generation above a supra-subduction zone, probably a back-arc basin. These results may suggest that a mantle plume-related magmatism associated with extensional oceanic system should have been installed within Palaeotethys during Middle-Late Triassic time, which was then incorporated into subduction–accretion prism forming the final picture, that is, “the Karakaya Complex”.  相似文献   

Environmental conditions, zooplankton, and capelin in the waters north of Iceland   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Astthorsson  Olafur S.; Gislason  Astthor 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1998,55(4):808-810

  相似文献   

Metropolitan-scale Transport and Dispersion from the New York World Trade Center Following September 11, 2001. Part I: An Evaluation of the CALMET Meteorological Model     

Robert?C.?GilliamEmail author  Peter?P.?Childs  Alan?H.?Huber  Sethu?Raman 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(10):1981-2003

Following the collapse of the New York City World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, Local, State and Federal agencies initiated numerous air monitoring activities to better understand the impact of emissions from the disaster. A study of the estimated pathway that a potential plume of emissions would likely track was completed to support the U.S. EPA’s initial exposure assessments. The plume from the World Trade Center was estimated using the CALMET-CALPUFF dispersion modeling system. The following is the first of two reports that compares several meteorological models, including the CALMET diagnostic model, the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) and 5^th Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) in the complex marine-influenced urban setting of NYC. Results indicate wind speed, in most cases, is greater in CALMET than the two mesoscale models because the CALMET micrometeorological processor does not properly adjust the wind field for surface roughness variations that exits in a major built-up urban area. Small-scale circulations, which were resolved by the mesoscale models, were not well simulated by CALMET. Independent wind observations in Lower Manhattan suggest that the wind direction estimates of CALMET possess a high degree of error because of the urban influence. Wind speed is on average 1.5 ms⁻¹ stronger in CALMET than what observations indicate. The wind direction downwind of the city is rotated 25–34 clockwise in CALMET, relative to what observations indicate.  相似文献   

长江河口盐度锋     

胡方西  胡辉  谷国传  苏诚  顾学俊 《海洋与湖沼》1995,26(S1):23-31

根据1988－1991年河口锋面现场调查、上海市海岸带调查及历次标准断面调查资料对长江盐度场及盐度锋进行了分析，提出了由口门至外海纵向上存在着三级锋面现象：内侧锋面即长江河口锋为长江河口水与长江冲淡水的界面；羽状锋是长江口羽状流水与口外混合水的界面，它是长江口最主要的盐度锋面，也是长江口一个重要的生物地球化学带，对河口沉积过程及水下三角洲发育具有重要的影响。外侧锋面即海洋锋，是长江冲淡水的最外边缘。  相似文献   

碳酸岩的地质地球化学特征及其大地构造意义   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

杨学明  杨晓勇  M .J.Le Bas 《地球科学进展》1998,13(5):457-466

从已知碳酸岩的地质产状、岩石学特征、Nd-Sr-Pb-O-C同位素及痕量元素地球化学特征数据,结合高温高压实验岩石学资料,论述了其地幔源区的物质成分、交代过程软流圈地幔部分熔融机制和碳酸岩岩浆的演化模型。碳酸岩既可以产生于拉张岩石圈构造背景,也能够产生于挤压而派生的引张岩石圈构造背景。前者以产于裂谷环境、与硅酸不饱和过碱性岩构成环状碳酸岩—碱性杂岩为特征,主要由起源于软流圈地幔的霞石质超基性—基性岩浆经液态不混溶作用而形成;后者产于碰撞造山过程中派生的引张岩石圈断裂带,以单一的透镜状、条带状和似层状碳酸岩体为标志,直接由导源岩石圈富集地幔的低程度部分熔融作用而产生的碳酸岩浆侵入或喷发所形成。  相似文献