A model test system with a dynamic load device for geotechnical engineering in cold regions     

ShuPing Zhao  Wei M  GuiDe Jiao  Fei Luo 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(2):0115-0120

A model test system with a dynamic load device for geotechnical engineering in cold regions is presented. This system consists of a model test tank, a refrigeration device and temperature controller, a dynamic load device, together with sensors and data loggers for detecting stress, deformation, and temperature changes. The system can accommodate soil blocks up to 3 m in length, 2.5 m in width, and 1 m in height. The lowest temperature provided by the refrigeration device is -20 °C. The maximum load provided by the dynamic load device is 100 kN and the vibration frequency of the dynamic load can range from 0.1 to 10 Hz. A number of waveforms, such as sine waves, rectangular waves, triangle waves, and other user-defined waves can be generated by the dynamic load device controller.  相似文献   

Investigation of mountain permafrost in the Kozia Dolinka valley,Tatra Mountains,Poland     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):235-240

The Kozia Dolinka valley lies at an altitude above 1900 m a.s.l. on the northern slope of the main ridge of the High Tatra Mountains. Mountain permafrost occurrences were studied with the use of BTS, infrared imaging, water and ground temperature measurements and DC resistivity soundings. The data suggest the existence of isolated patches of permafrost. The lowest observed bottom temperature of winter snow values was in the order of-10C. DC soundings revealed the existence of a high resistivity layer of limited extent. Permafrost seasonal monitoring was conducted with resistivity soundings. Measurements were carried out in spring-autumn 1999, when a distinct change in permafrost thickness was observed.  相似文献   

中国出境旅游与国际服务贸易关系分析     

章锦河  刘珍珍  陈静  周晶  李曼 《地理科学》2012,(10):1161-1167

出境旅游是国际服务贸易的重要组成部分,是世界经济全球化的响应。出境旅游与国际服务贸易关系分析是制定出境旅游政策的基础之一。根据1985~2011年中国出境旅游和国际服务贸易时间序列的相关数据,采用计量经济学分析方法,系统探讨了出境旅游与国际服务贸易的关系。得出结论:①出境旅游与国际服务贸易之间存在正相关关系;②出境旅游与国际服务贸易存在长期稳定的动态均衡关系;③出境旅游与国际服务贸易存在短期波动回归长期均衡关系;④出境旅游是国际服务贸易出口的Granger原因,但不是国际服务贸易进口的Granger原因,国际服务贸易进出口均是出境旅游的Granger原因。  相似文献   

Economic Notes     

《The Journal of geography》2012,111(1):15-18

Abstract

This article introduces the development and validation of the spatial thinking ability test (STAT). The STAT consists of sixteen multiple-choice questions of eight types. The STAT was validated by administering it to a sample of 532 junior high, high school, and university students. Factor analysis using principal components extraction was applied to identify underlying spatial thinking components and to evaluate the construct validity of the STAT. Spatial components identified through factor analysis only partly coincided with spatial concepts used to develop the questions that compose the STAT and with the components of spatial thinking hypothesized by other researchers.  相似文献   

Demographic Transition: Threat to Developing Nations     

《The Journal of geography》2012,111(3):164-171

Abstract

As computers become commonplace in the nation's schools, interactive maps are finding their way into the geography classroom. Students can use electronic atlases to access information as well as use authoring software to produce their own interactive maps. Does this change in media correspond to better geography education for our children? This article addresses whether using interactive maps for gathering and presenting information can have a positive influence on learning geography content. A two-week experiment was conducted in five 7th grade classrooms. Students in four of the classes researched and produced map products using both traditional and computer-assisted techniques. The fifth class was a control group. A pretest and two post-tests were given to quantitatively assess student learning after each project. Also, students were given a qualitative questionnaire to determine their attitude towards the different techniques. Quantitative results of the study indicate that there was no significant difference in student post-test performance after using each of the techniques, but qualitative results suggest that students prefer using the computer techniques over the traditional methods for gathering and presenting information.  相似文献   

基于高光谱资料对FY-1C/1D气象卫星进行交叉定标     

漆成莉  胡秀清  张里阳  董超华 《气象学报》2012,70(4):892-901

介绍了利用AQUA卫星高光谱AIRS资料对FY-1C、FY-1D气象卫星热红外通道进行交叉定标的方法及定标结果。首先利用卫星轨道预报软件预报出AQUA与FY-1C以及AQUA与FY-1D卫星交叉点,再对交叉区域卫星资料进行像元投影和像元匹配,像元匹配包括时间、观测角度、环境均匀性等检验。以AIRS探测结果作为辐射基准,利用其观测值和FY-1卫星热红外通道光谱响应函数进行光谱匹配,最终得到FY-1卫星热红外通道的准真值并与FY-1卫星的业务产品进行比较分析。对FY-1C、FY-1D两年多卫星资料进行多次交叉比对,结果表明FY-1C通道4比AIRS观测亮温低1.3K左右,通道5低3.6K左右;而FY-1D通道4比AIRS观测亮温低0.3K左右,通道5低3.6K左右。这个准真值与FY-1观测的计数值进行再定标得到新的定标系数。  相似文献   

精细化监测资料在山西暴雨预报模型改进中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苗爱梅  郝振荣  贾利冬  李苗  逯张禹  韩龙 《气象》2012,38(7):786-794

利用近3年5—9月山西63个GPS/MET临测站反演的逐时气柱水汽总量空间分布图与对应的459天气象观测资料、12个暴雨日的暴雨落区以及对应的流型配置图,对比分析发现:(1)当气柱水汽总量空间分布的水平梯度在25～40 mm/l经(纬)度时,未来12～36小时,在水平梯度的大值区及其南北(东西)0.5～1.0个经(纬)度的范围内,暴雨及其以上天气出现的概率达100%,当气柱水汽总量空间分布的水平梯度≥40 mm/l经(纬)度时,在水平梯度的大值区及其南北(东西)0.5个经(纬)度的范围内出现大暴雨的慨率为63.6%;(2)暴雨落区在气柱水汽总量空间分布图中水汽含量水平梯度大值区及其以北(西)还是以南(东)0.5～1.0)个经(纬)度的范围出现,不同的流型配置会出现不同的结果。应用逐时GPS/MET资料和逐时自动气象站极大风速风场资料,依据暴雨出现在气柱水汽总量空间分布图中水汽含量水平梯度大值区的不同位置,建立不同流型配置下的多种暴雨概念模型;采用轮廓识别技术在C/S架构下,对12～36小时暴雨落区预报模型进行改进并实现了自动化运行,2011年进行准业务使用证明效果良好。  相似文献   

模糊时间序列模型在短期气候预测中的应用     

王永弟 《南京气象学院学报》2012,4(4):316-320

将模糊时间序列模型引入短期气候预报,利用重庆34个地面气象观测站的逐日观测资料(1971—2007年)和重庆市旱涝灾害监测预警决策服务系统计算的干旱指数和洪涝指数等资料,运用模糊时间序列模型分别对2001—2007年重庆市城口县1月降水、1月平均气温的预报结果(年度预测)和重庆市春旱指数的预报结果(年度预测)进行了模糊时间序列分析,预测了2004—2007年的发展趋势,用2004—2007年实测值与预测结果进行了比较,并与加权集成、人工神经网络集成、数据挖掘集成等模型进行了精度比较和分析.结果表明:模糊时间序列模型各项精度评定指标优良,并且计算简单,具有一定的实用价值.  相似文献   

1949—2010年西北太平洋热带气旋特征分析     

古月 《内蒙古气象》2012,(1):3-7

文章分析了1949—2010年发生在西北太平洋上的热带气旋的空间分布特征。并利用趋势分析、小波分析和滑动t检验方法分析了热带气旋的年际变化特征、季节变化特征、周期特征和突变特征。结果表明:西北太平洋热带气旋多生成于5~25°N,110~170°E的海域。频数的年际变化存在三个阶段,月际变化明显,集中出现在7—10月。整个时域上10~15a的波动明显,并经历了三次突变过程。62a间强热带风暴生成最多,台风次之,热带风暴最少。热带气旋强度的年变化不明显。热带气旋强度越强,频数最大值的月份出现越晚。亚洲季风和西太平洋副高对热带气旋的产生起很大的作用。  相似文献   

内蒙古气象服务热线平台的设计与实现     

张立莉  翟雅静  高超越  肖春光  夏宇宁 《内蒙古气象》2012,(6):43-44

内蒙古气象服务热线平台是基于Windows操作平台开发的一款应用于气象行业的C／S版声询信息管理系统。采用VOIP技术实现全国省（自治区）一级人工气象服务热线平台和中国气象局人工气象服务热线平台之间的联网,实现全国人工服务的联网。为达到中国气象局在全国范围内统一特服号码-4006000121,以省（自治区）为单位建设气象服务热线平台。  相似文献