Dynamics of the large-scale ULF electromagnetic wave structures in the ionosphere     

G.D. Aburjania  Z.Kh. Chargazia   《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2007,69(17-18):2428

The present article displays the results of theoretical investigation of the planetary ultra-low-frequency (ULF) electromagnetic wave structure, generation and propagation dynamics in the dissipative ionosphere. These waves are stipulated by a spatial inhomogeneous geomagnetic field. The waves propagate in different ionospheric layers along the parallels to the east as well as to the west and their frequencies vary in the range of (10–10⁻⁶) s⁻¹ with a wavelength of order 10³ km. The fast disturbances are associated with oscillations of the ionospheric electrons frozen in the geomagnetic field. The large-scale waves are weakly damped. They generate the geomagnetic field adding up to several tens of nanotesla (nT) near the Earth's surface. It is prescribed that the planetary ULF electromagnetic waves preceding their nonlinear interaction with the local shear winds can self-localize in the form of nonlinear long-living solitary vortices, moving along the latitude circles westward as well as eastward with a velocity different from the phase velocity of the corresponding linear waves. The vortex structures transfer the trapped particles of medium, as well as energy and heat. That is why such nonlinear vortex structures can be the structural elements of the ionospheric strong macro-turbulences.  相似文献   

区域场次特大旱灾划分标准与界定——以明清以来的山西省为例   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

张伟兵  史春生 《气象与减灾研究》2007,30(1):19-23

基于方志、清官档案、民国报刊以及当代的水利、农业和气象资料，以明清以来的山西省为研究对象，探讨了省区性旱灾等级划分方法，即以县级政区为基本分析单元，采用自下而上的等级划分方法。在此基础上，提出了场次特大旱灾的概念，探讨了场次特大旱灾的划分标准，同时对明清以来山西省的场次特大旱灾时限进行了界定。研究发现，明清至2000年，山西省共发生过6场场次特大旱灾。且平均每3a就有2a发生旱灾。其中特大旱灾年12a，大旱灾年50a，中等旱灾年114a，一般旱灾年214a.  相似文献   

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around Manali industrial area, Chennai, Southern India   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

A. K. Krishna  P. K. Govil 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(7):1465-1472

The concentrations of heavy metals (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mo, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) were studied in soils to understand metal contamination due to industrialization and urbanization around Manali industrial area in Chennai, Southern India. This area is affected by the industrial activity and saturated by industries like petrochemicals, refineries, and fertilizers generating hazardous wastes. The contamination of the soils was assessed on the basis of geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor and degree of contamination. Soil samples were collected from the industrial area of Manali from the top 10-cm-layer of the soil. Soil samples were analyzed for heavy metals by using Philips MagiX PRO-2440 Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The data revealed elevated concentrations of Chromium (149.8–418.0 mg/kg), Copper (22.4–372.0 mg/kg), Nickel (11.8–78.8 mg/kg), Zinc (63.5–213.6 mg/kg) and Molybdenum (2.3–15.3 mg/kg). The concentrations of other elements were similar to the levels in the earth’s crust or pointed to metal depletion in the soil (EF < 1). The high-EFs for some heavy metals obtained in the soil samples show that there is a considerable heavy metal pollution, which could be correlated with the industries in the area. Contamination sites pose significant environmental hazards for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They are important sources of pollution and may result in ecotoxicological effects on terrestrial, groundwater and aquatic ecosystems. In this perspective there is need for a safe dumping of waste disposal in order to minimize environmental pollution.  相似文献   

尼日利亚奥贡广东自贸区发展历程与产业聚集研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

孟广文  王春智  杜明明  王继光  赵钏  鲁笑男  王红梅 《地理科学》2018,38(5):727-736

利用贸易结合度指数分析中尼双方相互贸易依赖程度,总结中国对尼贸易与投资特征;在回顾尼日利亚奥贡广东自贸区的发展历程基础上,利用EG指数分析园区产业聚集程度,得出了园区多数产业集聚度较高,并符合尼日利亚鼓励先锋行业要求的结果;通过对结果的分析与讨论,总结目前园区在产业、基础设施、东道国政治经济环境等方面面临的挑战;最后从政府与企业两方面提出园区产业优化与发展的建议。  相似文献   

用格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟非均匀介质中的电场响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李学民  曹俊兴  何晓燕  王兴建 《地球物理学报》2004,47(2):349-353

介绍了用格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟非均匀介质中的电场响应的数值模拟方法. 格子玻尔兹曼方法是从微观领域出发进行数值计算的一种全新的正演模拟方法;从玻尔兹曼碰撞模型出发,利用泰勒展开和Chapman Enskog展开,在基本力学守恒条件和约束条件的限制下,导出了电场响应的扩散方程,得到了局部平衡分布函数的表达式,给出了若干正演模拟的结果;其结果表明,利用这种方法进行非均匀介质中的电场响应正演模拟具有灵活、方便和简单等优点.  相似文献   

中国沙漠化程度判定与分区初步研究   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13  

董玉祥  陈克龙 《中国沙漠》1995,15(2):170-174

依据沙漠化发生发展的地域分异规律,遵循综合性、主导性和县域完整性原则,制定了包括沙漠化土地占地率等6个评价指标的沙漠化程度评价指标体系,建立了定量评价模型,利用最新数据对我国的沙漠化现有程度进行了程度判定与分区,共划分出8个轻度区、7个中度区和5个重度区。  相似文献   

怎样搞好县级农用地分等资料收集及外业补充调查          下载免费PDF全文

张青  宋法娟 《山东国土资源》2005,21(3):37-40

山东省农用地分等工作,总体思路是“外业分县实施,内业整体进行”,县级农用地分等资料收集及外业补充调查,是重要环节。工作中应注意分析处理一些实际问题,提高基础资料的利用价值以及补充完善调查数据。  相似文献   

贵州省水城县耕地土壤硒元素地球化学特征及富硒农业应用          下载免费PDF全文

骆振华  王彪  黄庆  李媛媛  郭佩佩  曾国龙  张传良  宋晨 《贵州地质》2020,37(4):502-511, 525

：为了解决烟草物流配送包装机风机叶轮轴使用寿命低的问题,文章以风机叶轮轴为研究对象,利用Solidworks软件建立3D模型,再利用Abaqus有限元分析方法对其进行热力顺序耦合分析,根据风机叶轮轴的温度场分布、受力和变形情况,对轴的结构进行优化设计,并对轴进行模态分析,确定风机轴的临界转速,结果表明,风机轴的优化设计合理,满足生产要求。  相似文献   

岩石圈伸展的壳/幔拆离模型(Parallel Extension Tectonics):华北克拉通东部早白垩世岩石圈减薄与破坏机理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘俊来  倪金龙  陈小宇  Craddock JP  郑媛媛  孙彦琪  季雷 《岩石学报》2020,36(8):2331-2343

华北克拉通岩石圈减薄和破坏机理长期以来存在争议,基于岩石学、岩石地球的化学分析研究突出强调深部过程的重要性。前人提出了两种重要模式:包括以拆沉作用为代表的top-down tectonics模型和以热-机械侵蚀与化学侵蚀,或地幔置换、交代作用的bottom-up tectonics模型。然而,对于这两种模式而言尚存在许多无法合理解释的问题,比如在此深部过程中,区域性岩石圈伸展有多大的贡献?地壳伸展构造是作为深部过程的响应,还是同为岩石圈伸展的产物?本文基于早白垩世东亚地区(尤其是华北克拉通东部地区)伸展构造与岩浆活动的综合分析,揭示出华北克拉通东部不同地区伸展构造变形与岩浆活动之间的时、空和成因关系有一定的差异。但整体上看,岩石圈伸展起着主导作用,控制着岩浆上侵和就位,在拆离断层下盘侵入形成各种规模的花岗质为主的侵入体,或于上盘喷发形成火山-沉积岩盆地。在伸展构造发育的不同阶段,可以有伸展早期、伸展期及伸展期后的岩浆活动。岩浆活动的强度及岩浆源区特点有显著的时空变化。一方面,在同一地区不同演化阶段其源区有很大的差异。表现为主体上是早期以古老下地壳源为主,随着壳/幔伸展作用演化,逐渐向混合源或独立幔源的演化。同时,不同地区岩浆源区的变化规律也显著不同。以胶辽地区为例,胶东整体上是壳幔混合源区对于岩浆演化有重要贡献;而辽东地区具有显著的源区演化特点:从剪切早期古老下地壳源区为主,并伴有幔源物质加入,剪切期古老下地壳为主,到剪切晚期和剪切期后以新生下地壳为主。本文认为岩石圈伸展的壳/幔拆离模型(Parallel Extension Tectonics),可以合理地解释华北克拉通及邻区早白垩世构造-岩浆活动性。在该模型中,遭受伸展的华北克拉通岩石圈发生壳-幔拆离作用。在岩石圈伸展作用期间,地壳层次的拆离作用与岩石圈地幔层次上的拆离作用可以是耦合的或者是解耦的,从而导致华北克拉通岩石圈减薄过程中在地壳尺度上的拆离作用与变质核杂岩的剥露有三种不同的类型:同岩浆活动型伸展(C型:Co-magmatism mode extension)、无岩浆活动型伸展(A型:Amagmatism mode extension)和多阶段混合型(M型:Multi-mode extension)。  相似文献   

Characterising forest spatial structure through inhomogeneous second order characteristics     

C. Comas  M. Palahí  T. Pukkala  J. Mateu 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(3):387-397

Point process theory plays a fundamental role in the analysis and modelling of spatial forest patterns. For instance, the Ripley’s K function and its density with respect to the area, i.e. the pair correlation function, have been extensively used to analyse and characterise stationary forest configurations. However, the stationarity condition is not often met in practice when analysing real data. Thus, the development and application of new statistics to measure the degree of inhomogeneity suggests the use of inhomogeneous statistics to describe forest stands. In this paper, we restrict our attention to the inhomogeneous pair correlation function in the context of replicated spatial data. We then analyse the spatial configuration of pure and mixed conifer stands in a case study in Central Catalonia, North-East of Spain. Our results suggest that whilst P. sylvestris tend to be aggregated for short inter-tree distances, P. nigra and P. halepensis keep a minimum inter-event distance between trees. Regarding the mixed stands, trees of distinct species tend to be segregated from each other. Tentative explanations for these results are related with site properties, competition effects, shade tolerance and silviculture practices applied in this forest region.  相似文献