Temporal-spatial variations of euphotic depth of typical lake regions in Lake Taihu and its ecological environmental significance   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

ZHANG Yunlin  QIN Boqiang  HU Weiping  WANG Sumin  CHEN Yuwei  CHEN Weimin 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(4):431-442

Euphotic depth can be defined as the portion of wa- ter column that supports the net primary productivity. Its lower end is the critical depth, namely, the depth measured when the daily net primary productivity is zero[1]. In the ecosystems of oceans, lakes and rivers, phytoplankton live in the euphotic depth and euphotic depth is usually taken as the lower boundary, when studying the primary productivity and biomass of phytoplankton; therefore the corresponding depth is sometimes called the t…  相似文献   

Seismic Moment Tensor Resolution on a Local Scale: Simulated Rockburst and Mine-induced Seismic Events in the Kopanang Gold Mine, South Africa   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jan Šílený  Alexander Milev 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(8):1495-1513

Seismic records contain information about the effect of the source as well as the effect of wave propagation through the rock mass. The effect of wave propagation is usually not well known as only simplified models of geological structures are available. Therefore, the information about the source retrieved by inverting seismograms may include errors due to incomplete knowledge of the rock mass along the propagation path, which in turn cause a distortion in the calculated moment tensor (MT). The distortion of the MT on a local scale was observed by inverting records of a simulated rockburst conducted at the Kopanang gold mine in South Africa. A dominant isotropic component of the explosive characteristics was found from the inversion. The deviatoric components retrieved from the blast are spurious. A test of their stability indicated that they are not significant, assuming an uncertainty above 5% for velocities and 10% for attenuation within the homogeneous model available for the mine. Thus, the retrieval of the MT from records of local networks in mines using a homogeneous model of the rock mass seems to be feasible. However, the homogeneous model of the rock mass can only be applied to close stations, within a few kilometers of the source. The seismic records from distant stations were too complex to be modelled by a homogeneous rock mass. Records of six mine-induced seismic events recorded at the Kopanang gold mine were also inverted. A vertical linear dipole along the pressure (P) axis was found for three of the events, suggesting a pillar burst. The mechanism of two events contains an isotropic implosion together with a nearly vertical dip-slip, and seems to indicate a combination of a cavity collapse with a down dip-slip along a nearly vertical fault. One event corresponds to a dipole along the tensional (T) axis. However, it is vertical, thus its association with tensile faulting of the hangingwall is uncertain.  相似文献   

A Discussion on Seismic Intensity——Taking the Xinjiang Area As an Example     

Rou Jie 《中国地震研究》2006,20(3):351-360

The intensity of an earthquake is an important criterion and index for earthquake resistance, and disaster relief and for antiseismic engineering in large and medium sized cities. The earthquake data in Xinjiang are abundant and have been widely applied to the statistic relationship of seismic intensity of western China. However, there exists some unreasonable and man_made factors in them. We put forward the idea of area A_ 0-1 to express the effect of seismic intensity, studied the questions and influencing factors arising from uncertainty of intensity zoning and finally, proposed some solutions.  相似文献   

关于地震烈度的讨论--以新疆地区为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

柔洁  伊力亚尔·阿不力孜  陈建波 《中国地震》2006,22(1):94-102

地震烈度是衡量某一次地震对一定区域地面影响的强烈程度，代表的是一定范围内地震动强度的平均度量，反映的是地震中人的感觉和地震对地面建筑物所产生影响的分布图象。1980年初编制的《中国地震烈度表》（中国科学院工程力学研究所，1980），逐项描述了各烈度影响下人的感觉及震害现象与震害指数的对应关系。到目前为止，地震烈度的震害标准没有改变，究其原因：这种以人的感觉和宏观、微观地震震害现象为指标的烈度评定，简单易行，便于掌握；同时地震烈度的内在含义已被许多行业以及公众所接受和理解。从第一代地震烈度区划图到第三代区划图表示的不同等值线范围在很大程度上（尤其是经济欠发达、人口分布稀疏、自然环境条件相对恶劣的区域）都是依据地震烈度等值线分布状况而确定的；地震烈度仍然是抗震救灾与大中型城市抗震设防和规划的重要科学依据和指标。  相似文献   

Reconstruction of earthquake hazard in regions of sparse seismic monitoring     

Amr S. Elnashai 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2007,6(2):99-109

Studying strong motion records and the spatial distribution of ground shaking is of great importance in understanding the underlying causes of damage in earthquakes. Many regions in the world are either not instrumented or are sparsely instrumented. As such, significant opportunities for motion-damage correlations are lost. Two recent and damaging earthquakes belong to the class of lost opportunities, namely the Kashmir (Pakistan) earthquake of October 2005 and the Yogyakarta (Indonesia) earthquake of May 2006. In this paper, an overview of the importance of supply and demand studies in earthquake-stricken regions is given, followed by two examples of investigative engineering seismology aimed at reconstructing the hazard from sparse data. The paper closes with a plea for responsible authorities to invest in seismic monitoring networks in the very near future.  相似文献   

四川及邻区地震动衰减关系   总被引：26，自引：3，他引：26       下载免费PDF全文

雷建成  高孟潭  俞言祥 《地震学报》2007,29(5):500-511

根据地震构造环境和震害分布特点， 将四川及邻区划分为西南地区和四川盆地地区. 收集了西南地区96次、 四川盆地地区40次近代破坏性地震资料， 并对各次地震的震级参数进行了统一校核. 按照该地区震中烈度与震级、 有感半径与震级的统计关系， 对地震烈度衰减进行了近场与远场特征控制， 建立了地震烈度沿长轴、 短轴和平均轴的衰减关系. 统一了中国与美国面波震级的震级标度， 利用最新得出的美国西部基岩水平向地震加速度反应谱衰减关系， 采用考虑地震加速度的近场距离饱和与震级饱和特征的衰减模型， 转换得到了该地区的基岩水平向地震加速度反应谱衰减关系.   相似文献   

2007年宁洱6.4级地震余震序列尾波QC值研究     

李琼  秦嘉政  钱晓东 《地震研究》2007,30(4):337-343

基于Aki和Chouet的地方震尾波单次散射模型,利用思茅台记录到的2007年云南宁洱6.4地震余震的数字化波形观测资料,测量了震源区尾波Qc(f)值。当中心频率为1.5Hz时,宁洱地区的尾波Qc值在51～147之间,平均值为79,尾波的振幅衰减率βc(f)在0.014～0.039之间,平均值为0.028;测量得到该地区尾波Qc值与频率f的关系为Qc(f)=53f0.88;尾波波源因子与震级成正比关系,满足关系lgA0=1.51ML-0.94;测量结果显示宁洱地震余震序列的尾波值Qc较低,表明宁洱震源区属于构造运动较为活跃区。  相似文献   

多极子声波测井在低孔低渗气层中的数值研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

陈雪莲  王瑞甲 《地球物理学进展》2007,22(6):1836-1840

现有的天然气勘探中的测井技术,在评价低孔低渗气层时遇到诸多难题,本文引入了一种新的气藏评价方法,即利用多极源激发的模式波的幅度来识别气藏,并对此方法进行了数值验证.以Biot多孔介质理论为基础建立了低孔低渗含气储层计算模型,数值计算了多极子声源在充液井孔中激发的频散曲线、衰减曲线以及全波列波形.结果表明,挠曲波和螺旋波的衰减系数与相速度相比,对孔隙中的流体性质更敏感,且随着多极源级数的增加和工作主频的提高,挠曲波和螺旋波的衰减系数的变化程度明显增强;在偶极子和四极子激发的全波列波形中,可清晰的观测到对地层孔隙流体不敏感的地层横波,在这种情况下,可以通过对比波列中地层横波和频散的弯曲波(或螺旋波)幅度来识别气层.  相似文献   

五里湖南岸生态示范工程对水下光场的改善效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张运林  陈开宁  秦伯强 《水科学进展》2007,18(1):86-94

2004年7月20日在五里湖南岸生态示范工程区共布设9个采样点进行水下光场的测定,并采集水样分析悬浮物、叶绿素a、DOC浓度和各组分吸收系数。结果表明,3类主要光衰减物质总悬浮物、叶绿素a和DOC的浓度分别为5.1~38.7 mg/L、25.5~86.4μg/L和7.43~8.74 mg/L;生态示范工程能明显降低水体悬浮物和叶绿素a浓度,Ⅱ类区总悬浮物、叶绿素a浓度相对Ⅰ类区分别降低了53.4%、33.0%,而Ⅲ类区总悬浮物、叶绿素a浓度相对Ⅰ类区分别降低了77.4%、65.0%。光合有效辐射(PAR)衰减系数在1.81~4.93 m-1间变化,对应的真光层深度为0.93~2.54 m,Ⅱ、Ⅲ类区相对Ⅰ类区PAR衰减系数分别降低了42.2%、52.8%,对应的真光层深度则分别增加了73%、112%。a_g(440)、a_d(440)、a_ph(440)的变化范围分别为0.79~1.31 m-1、0.41~2.22 m-1、0.73~2.12 m-1。纯水对总吸收的贡献均在15%以下,有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)吸收对总吸收的贡献率在18.16%~40.28%间变化,非藻类颗粒物对总吸收的贡献率在14.40%~37.88%间变化,浮游藻类对总吸收系数的贡献率基本上是各组分贡献率中最高的,在31.05%~45.28%间变化。对PAR衰减系数、真光层深度、透明度等表观光学参数与主要水色因子进行相关分析发现,水体中浮游藻类和有机颗粒物对生态示范区内的水体光学性质影响最大,而围隔外围浮游藻类、非藻类颗粒物对光的衰减相当。  相似文献   

STUDIES OF THE VERTICAL STRUCTURE MODEL AND THE MICROWAVE ATTENUATION OF CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION OVER TROPICAL OCEAN AREA^*          下载免费PDF全文

Zhang Ling  Dou Xiankang  Liu Jinli 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(4):400-409

Using radiosonde data and other related observations in the TOGA-COARE IOP(from November 1,1992 to February 28,1993),the microwave attenuation of non-precipitating clouds is investigated based on microwave radiative transfer model(MRTM) at the specific frequencies of 6.8,10.65,13.9,19.35,22.235,37.0,85.5 and 90.0 GHz.Besides,utilizing the data of the airborne radar and radiometer at 13.8 GHz in the IOP(Intensive Observation Period),vertical structure models for different types of precipitating clouds are obtained,and also the microwave attenuation of precipitating cloud is studied.Some statistical characteristics of 13.8 GHz microwave path integrated attenuation for stratiform and convective precipitating clouds are presented.The results given here are valuable for the spaceborne microwave remote sensing of precipitation,and the cloud and precipitation attenuation corrections in the spaceborne microwave remote sensing of earth surface over tropical ocean area.  相似文献