全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4221篇 |
免费 | 639篇 |
国内免费 | 614篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 233篇 |
大气科学 | 466篇 |
地球物理 | 986篇 |
地质学 | 1170篇 |
海洋学 | 1407篇 |
天文学 | 602篇 |
综合类 | 161篇 |
自然地理 | 449篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 36篇 |
2022年 | 87篇 |
2021年 | 105篇 |
2020年 | 119篇 |
2019年 | 148篇 |
2018年 | 106篇 |
2017年 | 169篇 |
2016年 | 151篇 |
2015年 | 152篇 |
2014年 | 216篇 |
2013年 | 251篇 |
2012年 | 213篇 |
2011年 | 183篇 |
2010年 | 208篇 |
2009年 | 286篇 |
2008年 | 270篇 |
2007年 | 345篇 |
2006年 | 299篇 |
2005年 | 207篇 |
2004年 | 245篇 |
2003年 | 199篇 |
2002年 | 189篇 |
2001年 | 167篇 |
2000年 | 134篇 |
1999年 | 147篇 |
1998年 | 139篇 |
1997年 | 104篇 |
1996年 | 95篇 |
1995年 | 69篇 |
1994年 | 83篇 |
1993年 | 64篇 |
1992年 | 47篇 |
1991年 | 43篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 38篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有5474条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
951.
Boundary shear stress and flow variability due to its interaction with main flow and secondary currents were investigated under conditions that extend previous research on trapezoidal channels. Secondary currents that scale with the flow depth were found over the entire width in all experiments. These findings contradict the widespread perception that secondary currents die out at a distance of 2.5 times the flow depth from the bank, a perception which is largely based on experiments with smooth boundaries. The reported results indicate that a stable pattern of secondary currents over the entire channel width can only be sustained over a fixed horizontal bed if the bed's roughness is sufficient to provide the required transverse oscillations in the turbulent shear stresses. Contrary to laboratory flumes, alluvial river bed always provide sufficient roughness. The required external forcing of this hydrodynamic instability mechanism is provided by the turbulence-generated near-bank secondary currents. The pattern of near-bank secondary currents depends on the inclination and the roughness of the bank. In all configurations, secondary currents result in a reduction of the bed shear stress in the vicinity of the bank and a heterogeneous bank shear stress that reaches a maximum close to the toe of the bank. Moreover, these currents cause transverse variability of 10–15% for the streamwise velocities and 0.2u*2–0.3u*?2 for the bed shear stress. These variations are insufficient to provide the flow variability required in river restoration projects, but nevertheless must be accounted for in the design of stable channels. 相似文献
952.
The spatio-temporal variability of submesoscale eddies off southern San Diego is investigated with two-year observations of subinertial surface currents [O(1) m depth] derived from shore-based high-frequency radars. The kinematic and dynamic quantities — velocity potential, stream function, divergence, vorticity, and deformation rates — are directly estimated from radial velocity maps using optimal interpolation. For eddy detection, the winding-angle approach based on flow geometry is applied to the calculated stream function. A cluster of nearly enclosed streamlines with persistent vorticity in time is identified as an eddy. About 700 eddies were detected for each rotation (clockwise and counter-clockwise). The two rotations show similar statistics with diameters in the range of 5–25 km and Rossby number of 0.2–2. They persist for 1–7 days with weak seasonality and migrate with a translation speed of 4–15 cm s−1 advected by background currents. The horizontal structure of eddies exhibits nearly symmetric tangential velocity with a maximum at the defined radius of the eddy, non-zero radial velocity due to background flows, and Gaussian vorticity with the highest value at the center. In contrast divergence has no consistent spatial shape. Two episodic events are presented with other in situ data (subsurface current and temperature profiles, and local winds) as an example of frontal-scale secondary circulation associated with drifting submesoscale eddies. 相似文献
953.
JI YouLiang ZHOU Yong KUANG Jun WAN Lu ZHANG Rui & LU ChunHong State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Xinjiang Oil Field Urumqi 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(6)
The Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-uplift is a large-scale uplift stretching across the Junggar Basin formed during the Yanshanian. It has experienced four evolutionary stages: the initial forming stage (J1), the intense development stage (J2+3), the waning and burial stage (K-E), and the tilting and extinction stage (N-Q). The most intense period of activities is the Middle Jurassic. Dur-ing the Early Jurassic, the Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-structure was a low amplitude uplift. Because of the subsequent strong upli... 相似文献
954.
利用常规实测资料、NCEP刷CAR再分析资料、T213分析资料,对绵阳地区2008年9月22—27日出现的持续性暴雨过程进行环流形势及物理量场分析,结果表明:此次降水过程可分为两个明显的降水时段,其区域不同、强度不一;副高、冷空气、两条水汽通道以及台风是此次过程的主要影响系统;第一降水时段的各物理量水平皆大于第二时段,不稳定能量、水汽和气流的辐合、辐散区分布及上升下沉气流的位置和强度对暴雨的强度和落区预报有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
955.
郑晓月 《成都信息工程学院学报》2010,25(1):26-29
论述了使用模拟退火元启发式搜索策略构造模糊分类系统的过程,目的是利用模拟退火原理研制一种精确的模糊分类器,改善与分类问题有关的搜索空间探索与发掘的性能,找到模糊if-then规则的优化集。算法可以从输入数据集中抽取精确的模糊分类规则,并在若干不同预定义类中将其应用于对新数据实例的分类。 相似文献
956.
957.
Computer thermodynamic modeling of the transport and deposition of Sb and Au during the formation of Au-Sb deposits 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A.A. Obolensky L.V. Gushchina A.S. Borisenko A.A. Borovikov P.A. Nevolko 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2009,50(11):950-965
Using the Chiller computer program, we performed modeling of the mechanisms of the joint transport and deposition of Au and Sb from various ore-forming solutions during the formation of Au-Sb deposits. Three models are considered by the example of the Uderei Au-Sb deposit in the Yenisei Ridge: (1) simple cooling (cooling only), (2) iso-enthalpy boiling (P = f(T)), and (3) solution–rock interaction (rock titration model). The behavior of Sb(III) and Au(I) in the system Au–Sb–Fe–Cu–Pb–Zn–As–H2O–Cl–H2S–CO2 under hydrothermal conditions was studied. It is shown that both weakly alkaline (near-neutral) and reduced acidic Feaq2+-enriched low-chloride high-CO2 and high-chloride hydrothermal solutions play a crucial role in the formation of gold parageneses of Au-Sb ores. 相似文献
958.
959.
In this article we draw on the power of geographic information systems (GIS) to examine the progression of HIV/AIDS in Africa for the period from 1986 to 2003. We use GIS for two purposes: (1) to transform and interpolate a set of annual point-based HIV/AIDS rates into area data; and (2) to extract or “mine” annual HIV/AIDS prevalence rates from the interpolated area (country) level maps. Once the rates are extracted from the GIS analysis we then model and forecast them into the near future (i.e., 2004–2010) by using the UNAIDS Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) software. The article offers an alternative grounded in geospatial analysis for yielding estimates of HIV/AIDS rates in Africa. Using incomplete sets of data for the period from 1986 to 2003, mean HIV/AIDS rates are generated from spatially interpolated data and future trends are estimated. The results indicate that the HIV/AIDS epidemic for many countries in Africa has reached the saturation or maturity level as evidenced by the typical S-shaped curves in the trends over time. As a matter of fact, some countries have begun to experience a sustained decline in the rates (e.g., Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe). 相似文献
960.
Tools that support public engagement with sustainability are essential for local sustainability planning. This research investigates the ability of two geographic information system (GIS)-based tools to promote discussion of sustainability in a suburban context. A local ecological footprint tool and a community environmental atlas (an environmentally themed online mapping system) were created for seven suburban boroughs of Montreal. Variations of both tools have been used to support sustainability efforts, but their use has not been widely evaluated. Working from a public participation GIS (PPGIS) framework that recognizes the powerful influence of data representation, this research uses focus groups to evaluate how well these tools address three criteria that have emerged from the literature on public engagement in sustainability: interdependency across systems, reflexivity about personal and social decision making, and interactions across spatial scales. Whereas the atlas remains advantageous for discussing local spatial specifics, it was found that the ecological footprint helped people see the interconnections among systems, integrate local and global aspects of sustainability, and reflect on the values and assumptions underlying current social and economic structures. 相似文献