Single particle analysis of oceanic suspended matter during the SEEDS II iron fertilization experiment     

Yoko Iwamoto  Yasushi Narita  Atsushi Tsuda  Mitsuo Uematsu 《Marine Chemistry》2009,113(3-4):212-218

Suspended particles collected from surface seawater during the SEEDS II (Subarctic Iron Experiment for Ecosystem and Dynamics Study II) experiment were analyzed individually using an electron probe X-ray micro analyzer and characterized by size and elemental composition. Their numbers, relative abundances, and relative particle volume all showed clear differences between samples collected inside vs. outside the phytoplankton bloom that developed following the addition of iron. Throughout the study, Si-rich, Ca-rich and Organic particles were dominant and their number increased inside the fertilized patch; these particles accounted for 21%, 13% and 58% of the particles examined, respectively. Si-rich or Ca-rich particles commonly consisted of fragments of diatom frustules and coccolithophorids. There was consistently greater percentage of Ca-rich particles and lower percentage of Si-rich particles inside the patch than outside of it in number, but both types of these particles apparently occupied a larger volume inside the patch than outside of it. Organic particles, that showed having peaks in smaller diameter particles, increased apparently inside the patch with time after iron fertilization. The Organic particles had a more diverse mixture of both bio-related and crustal trace elements than the other types of particles. These results suggest that the increase in suspended particles following the iron enrichment was due to a combination of detrital material and live phytoplankton.  相似文献   

太湖现代沉积物中磷的沉积通量及空间差异性   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

朱广伟  秦伯强  高光 《海洋与湖沼》2007,38(4):329-335

在水文状况、水质状况、生态类型均显著不同的三个太湖典型湖区, 利用^210Pb定年测定了近百年来沉积物及磷的沉积通量.结果发现, 三个湖区磷的沉积通量及其变化规律相差很大.发生蓝藻水华暴发的梅梁湾近百年来沉积物和磷的沉积通量都比较小, 只是在近十几年来才有明显增加的趋势; 太湖上游的夹浦沉积物沉积速率近百年来持续增加, 只有表层有所下降, 但表层12cm沉积物中磷的沉积通量却显著下降; 处于太湖下游草型化的胥口湾湖区, 在20世纪60年代以前沉积物沉积通量呈增加趋势, 之后呈下降趋势, 磷的沉积通量则呈振荡下降趋势.研究表明, 太湖沉积物中磷的累积通量具有明显的空间异质性.  相似文献   

A process-oriented model study of equatorial Pacific phytoplankton: The role of iron supply and tropical instability waves     

M. Vichi  S. Masina  F. Nencioli   《Progress in Oceanography》2008,78(2):147-162

The response of phytoplankton growth to iron supply and its modulation by large-scale circulation and tropical instability waves (TIWs) in the eastern equatorial Pacific has been investigated with an ocean biogeochemical model. This process study shows that iron can be efficiently advected from the New Guinea shelf through the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) to the eastern Pacific. The presence of a continental iron source is necessary for the maintenance of the observed subsurface iron maximum in the EUC core. In the eastern Pacific region, phytoplankton production is enhanced when additional iron is available in the EUC. Simulated phytoplankton variability is linked to TIWs activity, as revealed by a wavelet analysis of the total autotrophic carbon. The net local effect of the waves on phytoplankton can be either positive or negative depending on several factors. When the iron nutricline is sufficiently shallow to be reached by the wave vertical scale, the effect of the waves is to enhance iron availability in the euphotic zone leading to a net local increase of phytoplankton biomass. We therefore suggest that the local maxima of phytoplankton observed in moorings off the Equator in the eastern Pacific might be not only the result of concentration mechanisms, but also the result of an increase in local production sustained by advected iron.  相似文献   

山东省宁阳县东谷堆贫铁矿床地质特征     

李宗成  李先波  刘建生  杜英泉  亓西强  赵雪松  张峰 《山东国土资源》2005,(Z1)

宁阳县东谷堆铁矿化属晚期岩浆液态分异的熔离矿化,铁矿化体赋存于麻塔单元粗粒变角闪石岩内,矿床由3个矿化体组成,各矿化体相间分布,总体走向均为NW向。矿石自然类型有磁铁阳起角闪石岩、磁铁黑云角闪石岩。矿石矿物以磁铁矿为主,脉石矿物主要为角闪石。矿石具柱粒状变晶结构、鳞片变晶结构、包含结构,浸染状构造、块状构造。矿石品位低,全铁含量一般13.5%~16.5%,最高达19.76%。矿床平均品位TFe15.15%,SFe8.26%。矿化体裸露地表,适宜露天开采。矿石加工技术性能良好,采用二次精选,一次扫选半闭路式选矿工艺流程。选石结果为:精矿全铁含量62.10%,精矿率11%~12%,回收率31.40%。  相似文献   

国内外铁矿石市场形势分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

陈甲斌  许敬华 《江苏地质》2007,31(2):151-156

铁矿石是钢铁工业稳健发展的基石。长期以来,我国铁矿石都处于供不应求状态,目前已经成为国际市场的最大买主,被号称为“全球吸铁石”。由于我国在国际市场上大量采购铁矿石,使得近年铁矿石价格变得扑朔迷离,为此付出了沉重的经济代价。为了更好地利用国外铁矿资源,更加理性地看待国内外铁矿石的供需问题,对国内外铁矿石的供需状况、进出口贸易及价格走势等市场方面的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的政策建议。  相似文献   

Geochemistry of lead contaminated wetland soils amended with phosphorus     

Daniel G. Strawn  Patrick Hickey  Andrew Knudsen  Leslie Baker 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(1):109-122

To remediate Pb contaminated soils it is proposed that phosphorus can be amended to the soils to transform the Pb into poorly soluble Pb-phosphate mineral phases. However, remediation strategies must account for variable Pb speciation and site-specific factors. In this study soil mineralogy and Pb speciation in soils from P-amended field trials at sites within the Coeur d’Alene River Basin in Idaho, USA were investigated. The soils are contaminated from mining activities and are enriched with Fe and Mn. Selective extraction of the soils indicated that the Fe oxides are poorly crystalline. XRD of the soil clay size fractions identified quartz, muscovite, kaolinite, siderite, lepidocrocite, and chlorite minerals. Amendment with P fertilizer dissolved the siderite. No Pb–phosphate minerals were detected by XRD. Electron microprobe analysis showed direct correlations between Pb, Fe, and Mn in the unamended soils, and negative correlations between Pb and Si. Lead and Mn were strongly correlated. In the amended soils Fe and P were strongly correlated. Results indicate that the Pb is associated with poorly crystalline Fe and Mn oxides, and that added P is primarily associated with Fe oxide phases. Comparisons of pore water Pb concentrations with chloropyromorphite and plumbogummite solubility suggest that in the phosphate-amended soils the pore waters are undersaturated in these phases, whereas several of the control soil pore waters were oversaturated, indicating the added phosphate suppressed the Pb solubility. Results from this research provide insight into the geochemistry occurring in the P-remediated soils that will help in making management and remediation decisions.  相似文献   

新疆蒙库铁矿床稀土元素地球化学及对铁成矿作用的指示   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16  

杨富全毛景文  徐林刚张岩刘锋  黄成林周刚刘国仁  代军治 《岩石学报》2007,23(10):2443-2456

新疆富蕴县蒙库大型铁矿呈层状、似层状、透镜状赋存于下泥盆统康布铁堡组变质火山-沉积岩系中.矿体中发育矽卡岩,但矽卡岩并不产在侵入岩接触带上.绿帘石、石榴石和矿石的稀土配分模式具有相似性,均为轻稀土富集,正铕异常,基本上无铈异常,暗示它们之间存在成因联系.石榴石稀土配分模式呈折线型,具有明显的正铕异常,石榴石流体包裹体中熔融包裹体、熔流包裹体和气液包裹体共存,表明石榴石矽卡岩具有岩浆成因和热液成因的特征,形成于晶体 熔体 流体三相共存的岩浆-热液过渡阶段.矿床地质特征、矽卡岩矿物和矿石稀土特征表明蒙库铁矿为矽卡岩型矿床.  相似文献   

Relationships between heavy metals and iron oxides,fulvic acids,particle size fractions in urban roadside soils     

Xue-Song Wang  Yong Qin 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(1):63-69

Urban roadside soils are the “recipients” of large amounts of heavy metals from a variety of sources including vehicle emissions, coal burning waste and other activities. The behavior of heavy metals in urban roadside soils depends on the occurrence as well as the total amount. Accordingly, knowledge of the interactions between heavy metals and other constituents in the soil is required to judge their environmental impact. In this study, correlations of heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag, Se, Ni, Cr and Ba) to iron extracted using dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate (DCB) buffer (Fe_DCB), fulvic acids and particle size fractions were examined from the Xuzhou urban roadside soils. Heavy metals except for Cr and fulvic acids had a positive significant correlation with Fe_DCB, indicating these metals and fulvic acids are principally associated with the surfaces of iron oxides of the soils. Significant positive correlations were also found between the contents of fulvic acids and heavy metals, showing these heavy metals (especially for Cu, Ni and Cr) form stable complexes with fulvic acids. Such finding is of importance with regard to the increased mobilization of heavy metals, e.g., into freshwater ecosystems. Ag, Se and Cr are independent of particle size fractions because of their low concentrations of Ag and Se in the studied soils. Pb, Zn, Cu, Ba and Ag are mainly enriched in the finer soil particles (especially <16 μm).  相似文献   

Groundwater and surface-water interactions in a confined alluvial aquifer between two rivers: effects of groundwater flow dynamics on high iron anomaly     

Kitchakarn Promma  Chunmiao Zheng  Pongpor Asnachinda 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(3):495-513

In a confined alluvial aquifer located between two rivers, discrete zones of anomalously high concentrations of redox species such as iron, are thought to be a result of groundwater flow dynamics rather than a chemical evolution along continuous flow paths. This new hypothesis was confirmed at a study site located between Nan and Yom rivers in Phitsanulok, Thailand, by analyzing concentrations of redox species in comparison with dynamic groundwater flow patterns. River incision into the confined alluvial aquifer and seasonally varying river stages result in truncated flow paths. The groundwater flow dynamics between two rivers has four phases that are cyclic, including: aquifer discharge into both rivers, direct flow from one river toward another, aquifer recharge from both rivers, and reverse of river-to-river flow. The resulting groundwater flow direction has a zigzag pattern and its general trend is almost parallel to the river flow. High iron anomaly appears as discrete zones in the transition areas of the confined alluvial aquifer because the lateral recharge from rivers penetrates into the aquifer only by tens of meters. The high iron anomaly, which is nearly constant in space and time, is a result of groundwater/surface-water interactions and related groundwater flow dynamics.  相似文献   

Plio-Pleistocene climatic transition and the lifting of the Teton Range, Wyoming     

Estella B. Leopold  Gengwu Liu  David W. Love 《Quaternary Research》2007,67(1):1-11

Fine-grained lacustrine, riverine and ash-fall sediments of the Shooting Iron Formation, whose late Pliocene age is established by Blancan gastropods and vertebrates, yield a pollen flora that is essentially similar in composition to the modern pollen rain in the Jackson Hole area. The Pliocene assemblage suggests a climate like that of the Jackson valley and foothills today. These spectra also resemble a Pliocene pollen flora from Yellowstone Park dated at ∼ 2.02 Ma. However, the underlying Miocene Teewinot sediments differ by containing pollen of four exotic deciduous hardwoods (Tertiary relicts) that suggest a summer-moist climate, unlike that of today. The Shooting Iron sediments lie with an angular unconformity on and above the Miocene lake sediments of the Teewinot Formation. Both of these deposits probably preceded the main uplift of the Teton Range based on the absence of Precambrian clasts in the Tertiary valley deposits. Because the Pliocene floras were modern in aspect, a Plio-Pleistocene transition would be floristically imperceptible here. The sequence denotes a protracted period of relative stability of climate during Teewinot time, and a shift in vegetational state (summer-wet trees drop out) sometime between the latest Miocene and latest Pliocene. The Pliocene spectra suggest a dry, cooler climate toward the end of Shooting Iron time.  相似文献