Study on the assessment of the comprehensive benefits of the utilization of sediment resources in reservoir areas     

Jingmin Hou  Yuanjian Wang 《国际泥沙研究》2017,32(3)

The utilization of sediment in reservoirs as resources is an efficient way to reduce reservoir sedi-mentation and turn disadvantage into benefit. Based on economic, social and ecological functions of sediment resources, this paper puts forward a two-layer, three-dimensional evaluation index system. It also establishes six direct and indirect indicators with their formulas to calculate the comprehensive benefits of sediment utilization in the Xixiayuan reservoir of the Yellow River with a volume of 2000 m3. The results show that social benefits would be more prominent, with the ecological benefits coming second. This demonstrates that the indirect public value of utilizing the sediment resources in the Yellow River Basin can be far greater than its direct economic value.  相似文献   

Influences of retrogressive erosion of reservoir on sedimentation of its downstream river channel——A case study on Sanmenxia Reservoir and the Lower Yellow River     

Jianguo Chen  Wenhao Zhou  Shanshan Han  Gaohu Sun 《国际泥沙研究》2017,32(3)

Retrogressive erosion, a widespread phenomenon of sediment transport in reservoirs, often impacts on both the reservoir capacity and the sedimentation in the downstream river channel. Based on field data from the Sanmenxia Reservoir and the Lower Yellow River over the past decades, three courses of ret-rogressive erosion with distinctive features were analyzed. The results indicate that retrogressive erosion, especially caused by rapid reduction in the water level till the reservoir is empty, often results in the serious siltation of the lower Yellow River and threatens the safety of the flood control in the Lower Yellow River. Unreasonable operation of the reservoir and incoming hyperconcentrated floods accom-panied by retrogressive erosion also aggravate the siltation of the main channel of the river. However, a reasonable operation mode of the reservoir so named"storing the clear (low sediment concentration) water in the non–flood season, and sluicing the muddy(high sediment concentration) water in the flood season" was found, which might mitigate the deposition in both the reservoir and the Lower Yellow River. This operation mode provides important experience for the design and operation of large reser-voirs in other large rivers carrying huge amounts of sediment.  相似文献   

稳定分层水库水质的季节性变化特征及扬水曝气水质改善   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

巨拓  黄廷林  马卫星  周子振 《湖泊科学》2015,27(5):819-828

为了解深水型水库水体的热分层结构、水质特征及扬水曝气系统对水质的改善情况,对水温、溶解氧、p H、叶绿素a、营养盐、溶解性有机碳浓度等水质指标进行为期一年的监测,探讨各项指标的季节性变化规律.结果表明,黑河水库水体呈单循环混合模式,在3-10月形成自然热分层,水体的热分层导致相应水库水质明显分层.黑河水库为偏碱性水体,叶绿素a、总磷、总氮、铵态氮和溶解性有机碳浓度平均值分别为2.21μg/L、0.022 mg/L、1.32 mg/L、0.20 mg/L和2.93 mg/L,表明黑河水库处于中-富营养状态.热分层期底部水体溶解氧浓度在0~7.9 mg/L之间,平均值为2.9 mg/L,氮磷质量比在41~100之间,表明黑河水库是一个底部季节性缺氧、高营养盐型水库.在水库自然热分层末期,应用扬水曝气技术,不仅改善了底部水体的厌氧/缺氧环境,抑制了厌氧/缺氧条件下内源污染物的释放和藻类的增殖,而且还使得水库水体提前混合,实现了强制混合与水体自然混合过程的有机衔接,延长了水质持续改善的作用时效,有效地改善了水环境,保障了安全供水.  相似文献   

基于EFDC模型的河道型水库藻类生长对流域污染负荷削减的响应——以广东长潭水库为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李一平  王静雨  滑磊 《湖泊科学》2015,27(5):811-818

将环境(EFDC)模型应用于广东梅州的河道型水库——长潭水库,经过模型的验证,建立长潭水库水生态数学模型,模拟出水库在现状污染负荷下的藻类生长情况,以叶绿素a浓度为指标,研究水库在丰水年与枯水年富营养化改善程度对不同流域污染削减方案的响应关系.结果表明:现状污染负荷削减10%,在丰水年库尾、库中和库首点位的叶绿素a平均浓度分别降低13.99%、12.00%和10.35%;枯水年3个代表点位叶绿素a平均浓度分别下降8.42%、5.63%和2.10%.污染削减20%的情况下,丰水年3个代表点位的叶绿素a浓度分别降低26.78%、19.25%和17.04%,枯水年对应的降低幅度分别为11.72%、7.97%和5.12%;库尾地区表现出河道的特征,在污染负荷削减的情况下藻类生长能够受到有效遏制,库首地区则表现出湖泊的特性,枯水年这一特征表现更加突出,污染削减20%的情况下,叶绿素a的平均浓度仅降低5.12%.  相似文献   

江苏省石梁河水库高分辨率沉积速率变化及环境意义     

张云峰  张振克  王万芳  张凌华  陈影影  徐华夏 《湖泊科学》2014,26(3):473-480

石梁河水库是江苏省最大的人工湖泊.开展水库沉积速率研究,对认识水库环境变化具有重要意义.本文对石梁河水库沉积物岩芯粒度组成特征进行了分析,表明沉积物以黏土质粉砂和粉砂质黏土为主,从底部向上呈明显的变细趋势,并记录了1970年的强降雨事件.采用¹³⁷Cs同位素测年分析,得到1963年和1986年两个时标.通过石梁河水库的沉积年代序列,推算出平均沉积速率:1963 1970年为10.85 cm/a,1970 1986年为3.81 cm/a,1986 2005年为1.32 cm/a.对比粒度沉积特征和流域降水记录,粗颗粒物质和降雨量的变化趋势基本相同,沉积物粒度组成特点直接反映了沉积时的降水、水动力搬运强度等信息.在河川来水来沙、坝前水位变化和地形等条件下,石梁河水库表现为三角洲淤积,且沉积速率逐渐变缓,符合水库淤积的一般规律.此外,石梁河水库上游建设的众多大型水库,拦截了大量泥沙,也使得沉积速率呈现减小趋势.  相似文献   

基于稀疏约束反演谱分解的频变AVO储层识别方法          下载免费PDF全文

黄广谭  李景叶  陈小宏  雒聪 《地球物理学报》2017,60(10):3984-3994

时频分析技术是描述和分析非平稳信号的有效工具,如何提高谱分解的时-频分辨率受到了国内外学者的广泛关注.基于稀疏约束反演的谱分解方法(ISD)是近些年提出的一种具有高时-频分辨率的谱分解方法.然而传统ISD方法采用复雷克子波作为母小波函数,很大程度限制了信号分析的分辨率和精度.本文创新性地将传统ISD方法拓展到其他线性变换当中,提高了ISD方法的适用性.利用合成数据测试并对比了传统方法与ISD方法的时频分析结果,研究表明ISD方法不但能提供高分辨率的振幅谱,还能提供可靠的时-频相位谱信息.在此基础上,本文提出将高时-频分辨率的ISD方法与频变AVO(FAVO)反演相结合,得到能指示流体的地震波频散属性.将该方法应用于实际资料,结果表明基于ISD时频方法的FAVO反演结果具有更高的分辨率和准确度,对于储层油气具有更好的指示作用.  相似文献   

基于卫星资料的北京陆表水体的热环境效应分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘勇洪  轩春怡  权维俊 《湖泊科学》2013,25(1):73-81

应用不同分辨率的卫星资料对北京水体类别、密云水库及城区典型水体的热环境特性及城区水体对其周围热环境影响进行研究分析.利用2006年的MODIS卫星地表温度产品对北京不同类型的地表温度研究显示:就北京四季平均状态来说,水体类别在白天具有降温作用,在秋季和冬季夜晚具有保温作用,在春季和夏季夜晚具有降温作用.利用NOAA/AVHRR卫星资料对密云水库的研究分析显示:密云水库在夏季白天具有"冷湖效应",夜晚具有"暖湖效应";密云水库在冬季未结冰时白天和夜间具有"暖湖效应",在结冰时白天具有"冷湖效应"而晚上无冷暖效应.利用FY-3A/MERSI、NOAA/AVHRR和Landsat-TM卫星资料对北京城区典型水体监测结果显示:城区水体不会有热岛现象出现,大面积的水体易出现"冷岛效应".利用2008年夏季Landsat-TM卫星资料对城区典型水体和天坛公园绿地500 m范围内的建筑地温研究分析显示:城区水体温度明显低于天坛公园绿地.城区各水体周边100 m范围内建筑区地温平均下降1.2℃;100～200 m内下降0.6℃;200～300 m内下降0.4℃,300 m范围外无明显变化.天坛公园绿地周边仅100 m内的建筑区地温下降,下降值为0.4℃.这些研究结果表明:卫星资料能有效监测水体的热环境效应,大面积的水体是降低城市地表热岛效应的重要来源,北京城区水体对周边最大300 m范围内的建筑区地表温度具有降温效应.  相似文献   

Constructing a discrete fracture network constrained by seismic inversion data          下载免费PDF全文

Lennert D. den Boer  Colin M. Sayers 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(1):124-140

Rock fractures are of great practical importance to petroleum reservoir engineering because they provide pathways for fluid flow, especially in reservoirs with low matrix permeability, where they constitute the primary flow conduits. Understanding the spatial distribution of natural fracture networks is thus key to optimising production. The impact of fracture systems on fluid flow patterns can be predicted using discrete fracture network models, which allow not only the 6 independent components of the second‐rank permeability tensor to be estimated, but also the 21 independent components of the fully anisotropic fourth‐rank elastic stiffness tensor, from which the elastic and seismic properties of the fractured rock medium can be predicted. As they are stochastically generated, discrete fracture network realisations are inherently non‐unique. It is thus important to constrain their construction, so as to reduce their range of variability and, hence, the uncertainty of fractured rock properties derived from them. This paper presents the underlying theory and implementation of a method for constructing a geologically realistic discrete fracture network, constrained by seismic amplitude variation with offset and azimuth data. Several different formulations are described, depending on the type of seismic data and prior geologic information available, and the relative strengths and weaknesses of each approach are compared. Potential applications of the method are numerous, including the prediction of fluid flow, elastic and seismic properties of fractured reservoirs, model‐based inversion of seismic amplitude variation with offset and azimuth data, and the optimal placement and orientation of infill wells to maximise production.  相似文献   

钱塘江干流夏季浮游植物群落结构特征及其对水文气象的响应     

张萍  国超旋  俞洁  权秋梅  姚建良  王吉毅  叶小锐  朱梦圆  孙起亮  朱广伟 《湖泊科学》2022,34(2):418-432

河流中浮游植物的动态变化能够较好的指示河流水质状况.为探索水文气象过程对筑坝河流浮游植物群落结构的影响,2020年夏季,以钱塘江干流为例,对包括富春江水库在内的11个河段开展了浮游植物群落结构及相关环境因子的调查分析.结果 表明:夏季在钱塘江干流共鉴定出浮游植物6门59属95种,优势属为沟链藻(Aulacoseir、菱...  相似文献   

南亚热带特大型水库浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系:以新丰江水库为例     

张辉  彭宇琼  邹贤妮  张婷婷  巫楚  乔永民  杨洪允 《湖泊科学》2022,34(2):404-417

为了解亚热带大型深水贫营养水库的浮游植物群落特征及生态现状,2019年9月至2020年8月对新丰江水库的浮游植物群落结构和水体理化指标进行了周年调查.结果 表明,新丰江水库水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅰ类标准,综合营养状态指数(TLI(∑))在15～28之间,整体上处于贫营养状态.共检出浮...  相似文献