Selection of regional historical rainfall time series as input to urban drainage simulations at ungauged locations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P.S. Mikkelsen  H. Madsen  K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen  D. Rosbjerg  P. Harremoës   《Atmospheric Research》2005,77(1-4):4

It has become established practice during the past 20 years to use high-resolution historical rainfall time series as input to hydrological model packages for detailed simulation of urban drainage systems. However, sufficiently long rain series are rarely available from the exact catchment in question and simulations are hence often based on available rain series from other locations. Extreme rainfall properties of importance to the performance of urban storm drainage systems vary significantly even in regions with only minor physiographic differences. Part of this variation can be explained by regional variations of the mean annual rainfall and the remaining statistical residue can be interpreted as statistical uncertainty.In Denmark, more than 75 high-resolution rain gauges are installed across a total area of 43,000 m. About 40 gauges had sufficiently long records to be included in a comprehensive national investigation where newly developed statistical regionalisation procedures were used to model the regional variation of extreme rainfalls. On this basis, a spreadsheet model was made available for estimation of extreme design rainfalls and the associated uncertainty at any location in the country. Statistics were furthermore computed to classify historical rainfall time series according to the developed regional model, and this makes it possible to assess the uncertainty related with using different historical rain series for simulations at ungauged locations.This research indicates that use of historical point rainfall data at ungauged locations introduces a significant uncertainty that is largely overlooked in today's practice. The engineering recommendation is to select historical rain series based on an evaluation of the local physiographic characteristics (e.g., the mean annual rainfall) and a (pre-defined) desired safety level of the simulations.  相似文献   

Seismicity, seismic input and site effects in the Sahel—Algiers region (North Algeria)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A. Harbi  S. Maouche  F. Vaccari  A. Aoudia  F. Oussadou  G.F. Panza  D. Benouar 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2007,27(5):427-447

Algiers city is located in a seismogenic zone. To reduce the impact of seismic risk in this Capital city, a realistic modelling of the seismic ground motion (SGM) is conducted by using the hybrid method that combines the finite differences method and the modal summation. For this purpose, a complete database of geological, geophysical and earthquake data is constructed. A critical re-appraisal of the seismicity of the zone [2.25°E–3.50°E, 36.50°N–37.00°N] is performed and an earthquake list, for the period 1359–2002, is compiled. The analysis of existing and newly retrieved macroseismic information allowed the definition of earthquake parameters of macroseismic events for which a degree of reliability is assigned. Geological cross sections have been built up to model the SGM in the city, caused by the 1989 Mont-Chenoua and the 1924 Douéra earthquakes. Synthetic seismograms and response spectral ratio is produced for Algiers, and they show that the soft sediments in Algiers centre are responsible of the noticed amplification of the SGM.  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震超强系数分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周靖  蔡健  方小丹 《世界地震工程》2007,23(4):227-233

基于我国建筑抗震规范要求设计的14栋代表不同抗震特征要求的多高层规则钢筋混凝土框架，通过静力弹塑性分析详细地评估了框架结构的体系超强能力。分析中采用与抗震规范等效静力地震作用效应分布模式相同的单调递增侧向荷载，以二维平面框架为分析对象。分析结果表明地震分区对超强系数的影响较大；有填充墙框架比无填充墙框架的超强能力明显要大；内框架的超强能力比外框架的超强能力大；超强系数随框架楼层数的增加而减小。  相似文献   

The numerical solution of the Advection-Dispersion Equation: A review of some basic principles     

Steve Wallis 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(1):85-94

The simulation of solute transport in rivers is frequently based on numerical models of the Advection-Dispersion Equation. The construction of reliable computational schemes, however, is not necessarily easy. The paper reviews some of the most important issues in this regard, taking the finite volume method as the basis of the simulation, and compares the performance of several types of scheme for a simple case of the transport of a patch of solute along a uniform river. The results illustrate some typical (and well known) deficiencies of explicit schemes and compare the contrasting performance of implicit and semi-Lagrangian versions of the same schemes. It is concluded that the latter have several benefits over the other types of scheme.  相似文献   

云顶充满度的特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李浩  廖仿玉 《气象科学》2002,22(3):337-342

本文采用GMS－5红外云母，提取了一个描述云顶结构特征的参数一云顶充满度VS。结合地面观测资料，引入了云高参数DTS，得到并分析了参数VS随云高DTS的分布特征，同时还讨论了VS的天气学意义。  相似文献   

沉管沉放的实时监测   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王解先  许琛  陆彩萍 《测绘学报》2002,31(Z1):70-72

介绍了在沉管隧道施工中,实时监测沉管沉放的一种测量方法.它利用全站仪观测数据,通过坐标系之间的坐标转换,实时计算沉管管体特征点的坐标,从而对沉管的沉放过程进行实时监测.  相似文献   

VLBI、SLR、GPS综合数据处理方案研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐天河  杨元喜 《测绘工程》2002,11(4):7-10,21

按参与平差观测值类型的选取不同，对VLBI、SLR、GPS综合处理方案进行了分类。给出了各类方案的平差模型，结合当前我国三种技术的实测情况，分析了各种方案的优缺点，提出了较为可行的综合处理方案。  相似文献   

近海多种卫星测高联合数据处理技术     

高永泉  章传银 《测绘科学》2002,27(2):20-25

海域海况复杂多变 ,潮汐不但受外海能量输入的控制 ,而且在复杂的海岸线、浅海海底和内陆河流运输的作用下变得异常复杂。卫星测高由于受复杂的海洋动力环境和陆地反射的影响 ,数据质量普遍较深海差。将多种卫星测高数据联合处理 ,可以大大提高近海海域平均海面高的精度与分辨率 ,增强测高卫星监测近海复杂动力现象与反演近海复杂动力机制的能力。本文讨论近海多种卫星联合数据处理的技术与方法 ,分别从提取海平面稳态和时变信息的角度较系统地研究了多种卫星测高联合数据处理方法 ,通过提取不同测高卫星海平面观测数据中与时间无关的系统偏差 ,建立多种卫星测高数据的海平面时变基准 ,从而将多种测高卫星海面监测数据融合到一个动力系统中。大大提高测高卫星海平面监测的时空分辨率 ,为联合多种卫星测高数据在大地测量与近海海洋动力学研究中的应用创造基本条件。  相似文献   

数字地球与数字河南建设   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨存吉 《测绘学院学报》2001,(2)

根据当前数字地球理论和实践的发展趋势 ,讨论了数字地球的概念和作用 ,分析了“数字河南”建设的必要性和可行性 ,提出了“数字河南”建设的战略方针和近期及远期目标。  相似文献   

An Evaluation Of Local Similarity At The Top Of The Mixed Layer Based On Large-Eddy Simulations     

Zbigniew Sorbjan 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,101(2):183-207

Local similarity, referred to as type II similarity,in the interfacial, stably-stratified layer at thetop of the atmospheric (or oceanic) mixed layer isdiscussed. Type II scales for scalars are based onthe local values of scalar gradients. Similaritypredictions are derived from the second-orderclosure model of Yamada and Mellor, and also fromsimilarity arguments. The obtainedformulation is verified for active and passive scalarsbased on the large-eddy simulation model.  相似文献