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141.
中国与东盟互为重要的水产品贸易伙伴。文章在"21世纪海上丝绸之路"建设背景下,通过双边贸易结合度指数、出口产品相似度指数、产业内贸易指数和显示性比较优势指数对中国与东盟水产品贸易的竞争性和互补性进行定量分析。研究表明,中国对东盟的水产品贸易结合度总体稳步增长,而东盟对中国的水产品贸易结合度有下降趋势;中国与东盟水产品在世界市场和日本市场的竞争性较强,在美国市场的竞争性较弱,但总体竞争性有所加强;中国与东盟大多数类别水产品的贸易互补性较强;中国与东盟都没有比较优势极强的水产品,双方有共同的比较优势,但差异也很明显。基于此,提出进一步建立合作机制、充分发挥贸易互补性和提高我国水产品国际竞争力的建议,以期促进中国与东盟水产品贸易的发展。 相似文献
142.
A fully distributed, physically-based hydrologic modeling system, MIKE SHE, was used in this study to investigate whole-watershed
hydrologic response to land use changes within the Gyeongancheon watershed in Korea. A grid of 200 × 200 m was established
to represent spatial variations in geology, soil, and land use. Initial model performance was evaluated by comparing observed
and simulated streamflow from 1988 to 1991. Results indicated that the calibrated MIKE SHE model was able to predict streamflow
well during the calibration and validation periods. Proportional changes in five classes of land use within the watershed
were derived from multi-temporal Landsat TM imageries taken in 1980, 1990 and 2000. These imageries revealed that the watershed
experienced conversion of approximately 10% non-urban area to urban area between 1980 and 2000. The calibrated MIKE SHE model
was then programmed to repeatedly analyze an artificial dataset under the various land use proportions identified in the Landsat
TM imageries. The analysis was made to quantitatively assess the impact of land use changes (predominantly urbanization) on
watershed hydrology. There were increases in total runoff (5.5%) and overland flow (24.8%) as a response to the land use change. 相似文献
143.
Modelling hydrological connectivity of tropical floodplain wetlands via a combined natural and artificial stream network 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fazlul Karim Anne Kinsey‐Henderson Jim Wallace Paul Godfrey Angela H. Arthington Richard G. Pearson 《水文研究》2014,28(23):5696-5710
The ecological condition and biodiversity values of floodplain wetlands are highly dependent on the hydrological connectivity of wetlands to adjacent rivers. This paper describes a method for quantifying connectivity between floodplain wetlands and the main rivers in a wet tropical catchment of northern Australia. We used a one‐dimensional hydrodynamic model to simulate time‐varying water depths across the stream network (i.e. rivers, streams and man‐made drains). The timing and duration of connectivity of seven wetlands (four natural and three artificial) with the two main rivers in the catchment were then calculated for different hydrological conditions. Location and areal extent of the wetlands and the stream network were identified using high‐resolution laser altimetry, and these data formed key inputs to the hydrodynamic model. The model was calibrated using measured water depths and discharges across the floodplain. An algorithm was developed to identify contiguous water bodies at daily time steps, and this gave the temporal history of connection and disconnection between wetlands and the rivers. Simulation results show that connectivity of individual wetlands to both rivers varies from 26 to 365 days during an average hydrological condition. Location, especially proximity to a main river, and wetland type (natural stream or artificial drain) were identified as key factors influencing these levels of connectivity. Some natural wetlands maintain connection with the river for most or all of the year, whereas the connectivity of some artificial wetlands varies from 26 to 36 days according to their patterns of network connection to adjacent rivers – a result that has important implications for the accessibility of these types of wetland to aquatic biota. Using readily available river gauge data, we also show how connectivity modelling can be used to identify periods when connectivity has fallen below critical thresholds for fish movement. These connectivity patterns within the floodplain network are central to the setting of river flows that will meet environmental requirements for biota that use floodplain wetlands during their life history. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
144.
根据美国地质调查局互联网数据,统计了2001-2010年全球有人员死亡的地震灾害事件,其间共发生了232次,平均每年发生约23次;共造成约697404人丧生,每年因地震造成的平均死亡人数为69 740人.亚洲是地震灾害的多发区和重灾区,印尼、中国、伊朗、巴基斯坦和印度等尤为严重,仍将是未来一段时间全球地震巨灾的危险区,... 相似文献
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Béatrice Michot Ehab A. Meselhe Victor H. Rivera-Monroy Carlos Coronado-Molina Robert R. Twilley 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
Taylor Slough is one of the natural freshwater contributors to Florida Bay through a network of microtidal creeks crossing the Everglades Mangrove Ecotone Region (EMER). The EMER ecological function is critical since it mediates freshwater and nutrient inputs and controls the water quality in Eastern Florida Bay. Furthermore, this region is vulnerable to changing hydrodynamics and nutrient loadings as a result of upstream freshwater management practices proposed by the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Program (CERP), currently the largest wetland restoration project in the USA. Despite the hydrological importance of Taylor Slough in the water budget of Florida Bay, there are no fine scale (∼1 km2) hydrodynamic models of this system that can be utilized as a tool to evaluate potential changes in water flow, salinity, and water quality. Taylor River is one of the major creeks draining Taylor Slough freshwater into Florida Bay. We performed a water budget analysis for the Taylor River area, based on long-term hydrologic data (1999–2007) and supplemented by hydrodynamic modeling using a MIKE FLOOD (DHI, http://dhigroup.com/) model to evaluate groundwater and overland water discharges. The seasonal hydrologic characteristics are very distinctive (average Taylor River wet vs. dry season outflow was 6 to 1 during 1999–2006) with a pronounced interannual variability of flow. The water budget shows a net dominance of through flow in the tidal mixing zone, while local precipitation and evapotranspiration play only a secondary role, at least in the wet season. During the dry season, the tidal flood reaches the upstream boundary of the study area during approximately 80 days per year on average. The groundwater field measurements indicate a mostly upwards-oriented leakage, which possibly equals the evapotranspiration term. The model results suggest a high importance of groundwater contribution to the water salinity in the EMER. The model performance is satisfactory during the dry season where surface flow in the area is confined to the Taylor River channel. The model also provided guidance on the importance of capturing the overland flow component, which enters the area as sheet flow during the rainy season. Overall, the modeling approach is suitable to reach better understanding of the water budget in the mangrove region. However, more detailed field data is needed to ascertain model predictions by further calibrating overland flow parameters. 相似文献
147.
基于景观生态学中“点–边”数量关系建立水系环度（α）、节点连接率（β）和网络连通度（γ）3种水系连通性评价指标,绘制出南昌市水系“节点–廊道”有向图,并以城市湖水体引流化污为切入点来优化城市水系连通性。研究表明：① 南昌市城区水系存在廊道空间分布不均匀,湖节点与其他水系节点连接的廊道较少等问题;② 优化后的城区水系相较于现在水系,其中水系环度（α）提高75%,节点连接率（β）提高14.88%,网络连接度（γ）提高14.63%。在城市水系连通性优化中,不应过分追求连通性而盲目增加湖泊廊道,应在连通性与湖泊连接的廊道数量之间保持一个平衡关系,以免水体污染物在湖泊中淤积。 相似文献
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Spatially distributed groundwater recharge was simulated for a segment of a semi‐arid valley using three different treatments of meteorological input data and potential evapotranspiration (PET). For the same area, timeframe, land cover characteristics and soil properties, groundwater recharge was estimate using (i) single‐station climate data with monthly PET calculated by the Thornthwaite method; (ii) single‐station climate data with daily PET calculated by the Penman–Monteith method; and (iii) daily gridded climate data with spatially distributed PET calculated using the Penman–Monteith method. For each treatment, the magnitude and distribution of actual evapotranspiration (AET) for summer months compared well with those estimated for a 5‐year crop study, suggesting that the near‐surface hydrological processes were replicated and that subsequent groundwater recharge rates are realistic. However, for winter months, calculated AET was near zero when using the Thornthwaite PET method. Mean annual groundwater recharge varied from ～3·2 to 10·0 mm when PET was calculated by the Thornthwaite method, and from ～1·8 to 7·5 mm when PET was calculated by the Penman–Monteith method. Comparisons of bivariate plots of seasonal recharge rates estimated from single‐station versus gridded surface climate reveal that there is greater variability between the different methods for spring months, which is the season of greatest recharge. Furthermore, these seasonal differences are shown to provide different results when compared to the depth to water table, which could lead to different results of evaporative extinction depth. These findings illustrate potential consequences of using different approaches for representing spatial meteorological input data, which could provide conflicting predictions when modelling the influence of climate change on groundwater recharge. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献