从勘查地球化学到应用地球化学——第21届国际勘查地球化学会议综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汪明启 《物探与化探》2005,29(2):96-100

第21届国际勘查地球化学会议于2003年8月29～9月3日在爱尔兰首都都柏林召开,本次会议由于见证勘查地球化学历史转折事件而被载入史册。本次会议的常规化探方法如土壤、水系沉积物测量等成熟方法研究较少,岩石、水化学方法再次受到较大关注;而覆盖区深穿透地球化学方法及其机理成为各国研究热点,代表现代勘查地球化学发展方向;一些特殊方法如矿物、同位素、生物等勘查方法在特殊景观区寻找特殊矿床发挥作用;在分析上,全面进入ICP/MS时代。虽然勘查地球化学工作者经多年努力在环境领域有所进展,但要走的路还有很长。  相似文献   

河南焦作矿区二1煤储层特征及煤层气资源潜力评价   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

贠三强  田张丽 《中国煤田地质》2005,17(6):13-16

根据河南焦作矿区地质条件、浅部煤田勘查区主要可采煤层二1煤煤层气含量,建立了数学模型,预测了深部煤田预测区二1煤煤层气含量.依据该矿区二1煤储层特征、煤层气资源条件,初步评价了该矿区二1煤煤层气资源潜力和可采性.  相似文献   

“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线国家水产品贸易网络分析     

彭飞  胡锦琳  伏捷  富宁宁 《热带地理》2021,41(6):1188-1198

水产品贸易是海洋经济的重要组成部分,是保证水产品有效供给、维护渔业产业链的重要措施。优化水产品贸易网络对保障中国粮食安全和扩展国际贸易具有重要意义。文章借助联合国商品贸易数据库,选取2000—2019年“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线国家水产品贸易数据,利用社会网络分析方法,测度“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线国家水产品贸易网络结构特征,进而分析沿线国家水产品贸易市场结构和产品结构。研究发现：1）2000—2019年“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线国家的水产品贸易变化可划分为2个阶段,其中第一阶段（2000—2008年）为平稳增长期,第二阶段（2009—2019年）为波动发展期。2）水产品贸易网络密度逐渐增大,空间集聚和网络凝聚力逐渐增强,网络的可达性不断提高,呈现小世界的特性。3）水产品贸易网络的核心—边缘结构较为稳定,核心国家的贸易联系紧密,贸易额占整体的一半以上,多边、双边贸易流存在差异,贸易网络的空间非均质性特征凸显;地理区位及距离对其组团有间接的影响,社团划分呈现层级性和地理临近组团的特点。4）水产品贸易网络的空间分异特性较为明显,重要节点国家主要集中在中国和东南亚国家,中间中心度高的国家和接近中心度排名靠前的国家具有趋同性,非洲东部及红海沿岸国家的网络中心性影响力较弱。5）在核心国家的水产品市场结构中,中国占据较大份额;国家间的关系变化引起市场结构发生调整;中国水产品进出口品种结构比较单一,进口和出口产品分别主要集中在冻鱼和水产品制品。  相似文献   

中国嵌入“21世纪海上丝绸之路”航运网络的关键节点识别     

王成  王茂军  王艺 《地理科学进展》2018,37(11):1485-1498

共建“21世纪海上丝绸之路”重大倡议的提出,疏通了东西方经由航运往来,实现全要素“流动”的海上通道,拓展了中国连接世界经济的新型贸易之路。本文基于航运往来关系,引入社会网络分析方法,分析中外整体航运网络空间结构及核心—边缘构局,结合嵌入广度、嵌入深度和网络中介功能,类比不同地区航运网络嵌入模式差异;综合考量中外港口节点的网络中心地位和现实航运能力,识别航运网络中的功能节点。研究发现：①沿线航运网络呈现以中国—东南亚地区紧密关联为重心的“镐头”状空间格局,上海、深圳、新加坡、巴生港共同架构起沿线港口低耗高效的轴辐式关联网络结构;②过滤得到关联骨干网络和核心网络,并识别出关联广度和强度差异的海外港口特殊节点和核心节点;③港口嵌入航运网络的方式大致可分为以中国和东南亚港口为代表的(广度、深度、中介功能)层级嵌入模式和以非洲、南西亚—中东、南亚和欧洲地区为代表的均质嵌入模式;④中国港口外向关联强度层级特征明显,识别出潜在复合型枢纽港、外向干线港、内向直挂港、中介支线港和边缘喂给港五种类型的港口节点,并明确分工提出发展建议,以期有效协调港口组织格局和节点功能互补共进,强化“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的通道价值。  相似文献   

厦门湾海洋塑料垃圾的运动特性及输移机理     

宁德志  袁泽林  潘钟  陈丽芬  张崇伟  马嘉骏 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(4):838-851

作为新型海洋污染物,海洋塑料垃圾入海通量计算过程中涉及的源汇过程、迁移途径、输运过程等尚未完全清楚,需进一步研究完善。以工业高速发展的厦门湾为研究对象,考虑潮流、入海径流、风等因素的影响,基于MIKE3软件的生物仿真模拟技术(Agent Based Modelling),模拟研究了漂浮及悬浮塑料垃圾的分布特征和迁移规律,并提出经验公式对沉积塑料垃圾的通量进行了预测。结果表明漂浮塑料垃圾在不利风、常风向和最大风的作用下集中堆积于岸线处。而悬浮塑料垃圾由海面向下呈现指数式下降的分布特征,且其水平迁移分布与潮流运动密切相关;流速小的区域悬浮塑料垃圾更容易堆积使局部浓度升高。悬浮塑料垃圾的扩散速率也与塑料颗粒的物理性质有关,沉降速度小的塑料颗粒在水中悬浮的时间更长,更容易被传输到距离污染源更远的地方。同时,研究发现沉积微塑料通量的增长规律近似为线性变化,通量大小与厦门塑料产量和厦门湾的水动力特性相关。  相似文献   

徐深21-平1井轨迹控制技术          下载免费PDF全文

孟祥波  陈春雷  孙长青 《探矿工程》2014,41(1):30-32

徐深21-平1井完钻井深4955 m。在火山岩储层中横向穿行905 m,井眼轨迹控制精度要求高,并在登二泥岩段岩石可钻性达8级的情况下裸眼侧钻成功,为后续施工奠定了基础。简述了井身结构及轨迹剖面设计,分析了井眼轨迹控制难点,详细介绍了增斜段、侧钻段、水平段井眼轨迹控制情况。该井的成功钻探,为该区块水平井施工积累了宝贵经验。  相似文献   

Evaluation of two spectral wave models for wave hindcasting in the Mackenzie Delta     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

Climate change, reduced sea ice and increased ice-free waters over extended areas for longer summer periods potentially lead to increased wave energy in the Beaufort Sea (Wang et al., 2015; Khon et al., 2014) [1], [2], which is a major concern for coastal and offshore engineering activities. We compare two spectral wave models SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) and MIKE 21 SW (hereafter MIKE21) in simulations of storm-generated waves in the Mackenzie Delta region of the southern Beaufort Sea. SWAN model simulations are performed using two nested grids system, whereas MIKE21 uses an unstructured grid system. Forcing fields are defined by hourly hindcast winds. Moving ice edge boundaries are incorporated during storm simulations. Modelled wave spectra from four storms are shown to compare well with field observations. Two established whitecapping formulations in SWAN are investigated: one dependent on mean spectral wave steepness, and the other on local spectral steepness. For the Beaufort Sea study area, we suggest that SWAN wave simulations using the latter local spectral steepness formulation are better than those using the former mean spectral steepness formulation. MIKE21 simulations also tend to agree with SWAN results using the latter whitecapping formulation.  相似文献   

Harnessing the wind: A case study of applying Flettner rotor technology to achieve fuel and cost savings for Fiji's domestic shipping industry     

《Marine Policy》2017

For over 5000 years, humans have successfully harnessed the power of wind to transport people and goods across the world's oceans. This research expands on previous studies of the unique Flettner rotor propulsion system and the demonstrable success in reducing fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Recent examples such as Enercon's E-ship 1 have proven seaworthy and economically viable along major shipping routes. The remote Pacific island countries (PICS), however, have the unique characteristics of retaining a remarkable seafaring heritage while remaining on the periphery of global commerce. With data obtained from a field study of Fiji's domestic shipping, this research analyzes the potential for implementing Flettner rotor systems to achieve more economically viable alternatives to the current situation. The findings show that with an incremental approach and the addition of a government fuel savings incentive, the Government Shipping Franchise Scheme (GSFS) subsidies could be significantly lowered for Fiji's ten uneconomical shipping routes. Four scenarios of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 25% fuel savings contrast the baseline data on one extreme with a zero-emissions scenario on the other. The most likely fuel savings scenario of between 10% and 15% results in a 20-year government savings of between 348,042 and 522,063 U.S. dollars and a 20-year cumulative reduction in CO₂ emissions of between 2931 and 4396 t. The paper concludes that Flettner rotors show promising results in reducing fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions and recommends future studies in collaboration with the Fiji government to develop practical strategies of implementation.  相似文献   

21世纪初期化工矿产资源形势及对策研究     

徐耀先  关一波 《化工矿产地质》1999,21(3):169-174

我国的钾、磷、硫、硼以及天然碱、金红石、砷、钠硝石、石盐、芒硝、重晶石、萤石、天青石、明矾石、化工灰岩、硅藻土、膨润土等化工矿产资源 ,与世界相比 ,在资源量、生产能力、消费水平等方面的地位各不相同。面对未来 ,宜根据各矿种的实际情况 ,在地质找矿、开发利用、对外贸易等分别有所侧重 ,以保证市场之需求。  相似文献   

On calculating the Earth's C21 and S21 gravity coefficients in the IERS terrestrial reference frame     

S. M. Kudryavtsev 《Journal of Geodesy》1999,73(9):448-451

Modern models of the Earth's gravity field are developed in the IERS (International Earth Rotation Service) terrestrial reference frame. In this frame the mean values for gravity coefficients of the second degree and first order, C ₂₁(IERS) and S ₂₁(IERS), by the current IERS Conventions are recommended to be calculated by using the observed polar motion parameters. Here, it is proved that the formulae presently employed by the IERS Conventions to obtain these coefficients are insufficient to ensure their values as given by the same source. The relevant error of the normalized mean values for C ₂₁(IERS) and S ₂₁(IERS) is 3×10⁻¹², far above the adopted cutoff (10⁻¹³) for variations of these coefficients. Such an error in C ₂₁ and S ₂₁ can produce non-modeled perturbations in motion prediction of certain artificial Earth satellites of a magnitude comparable to the accuracy of current tracking measurements. Received: 14 September 1998 / Accepted: 20 May 1999  相似文献