贡嘎山山地暗针叶林带自然与退化生态系统生态功能特征     

钟祥浩  罗辑 《山地学报》2001,19(3):201-206

通过贡嘎山暗针叶林带典型区自然与退化生态系统生物量、净初级生产量、光合生理特征、土壤CO2 排放通量及土壤温度变化等内容的观测研究 ,从一个侧面揭示了研究区山地暗针叶林带不同森林生态系统类型生态功能的现状特征。自然型生态系统生物量和净初级生产量分别具有耐阴的光合特性 ,水分利用速率较高 ,而蒸腾速率较低。轻度、中度和重度退化生态系统生物量分别为 36 7 0 1、12 1 80和 0 .5 1t hm2 ,净初级生产量分别为 9 86、5 6 4和0 35t hm2 ·a- 1 ;退化生态系统建群种光饱和点、净光合速率及蒸腾速率均比自然生态系统建群种高 ,而水分利用效率则相应较低。另外 ,不同生态系统类型土壤CO2 排放量与地面生态系统结构和 5cm深土壤温度有密切的关系  相似文献   

Crystal size distributions and other quantitative textural measurements in lavas and tuff from Egmont volcano (Mt. Taranaki), New Zealand   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Michael D. Higgins 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1996,58(2-3):194-204

 The size, shape and orientation of plagioclase crystals have been quantified in a tuff and series of andesite lavas from the active Egmont volcano (Mt. Taranaki), New Zealand. Linear crystal size distributions (CSDs) show that if the magma had several components, then only one provided the crystals. The slope of the CSD indicates that the earliest lavas measured had a residence time of ∼50 years in the magma chamber for a growth rate of 10^–11 cm/s. Subsequent lavas had slightly longer residence times (50–75 years), but the following series returned to 50-year residence times. The youngest magmas, from both Egmont summit and the parasitic Fantham's Peak, have the shortest residence times of ∼30 years. Variations in residence time may reflect changes in the magma chamber shape or depth, or the temperature of the surrounding rocks. Crystal shapes and zonation suggest that crystallization occurred in a bottle-shape magma chamber, and not in a narrow conduit. If future eruptions use the same magma chamber as the most recent eruptions, then a delay of approximately 30 years can be expected between refilling and eruption. Received: 25 October 1995 / Accepted: 19 April 1996  相似文献   

安徽岳西脉状英安质角砾熔岩的发现、特征及意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

路玉林  钱存超  周存亭 《安徽地质》1996,(4)

作者通过１：５万区调工作，于大别山腹地发现了脉状英安质角砾熔岩。通过对其岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学等的研究，认为它可与北淮阳地区毛坦厂火山岩旋回作对比，从而对认识大别造山带热隆－侵蚀史等具有重要意义。  相似文献   

北祁连东段早石炭世前黑山期岩相古地理主要特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

佟再三 《地层学杂志》1996,20(3):190-195,T001

本区地处北祁连加里东褶皱带东部,早石炭世前黑山期区内为海湾性质的陆表海域。前黑山中期,秦岭海水第一次侵入本区,形成海湾并逐步扩大、超覆,形成了以障壁海岸环境为主的由碎屑岩、页岩以及灰岩组成的海陆交互相的沉积岩系。相区由三角洲平原相和滨海平原相组成。前黑山组中段含有石膏层,在中国的早石炭世沉积中很具特色。基底断裂活动造成了本区沉积基底块断式差异沉降作用,因此,本区各地段的岩相古地理特征均差异很大。  相似文献   

西大别地区韧性剪切带的卫星影像研究     

杜国云 《大地构造与成矿学》1996,20(3):276-282

对发育在西大别地区的韧性剪切带的卫星影像分析表明：异常色带及均匀的线状影像纹理是其突出的影像特征。色调异常带可区分为浅色、暗色与明暗界面三种异常类型。通过多地段、多地质体和不同构造部位的线状体方位的统计对比，叠加在早期韧性剪切带之上的后期岩石破裂被有效地分离。自相似性统计获得剪切带上的分维值Ｄ为１．０５～１．３（＞１），非剪切带上Ｄ为０．８～０．９９（＜１），Ｄ＝１基本可作为韧性剪切带与非韧性剪切带之间界定的统计标尺。  相似文献   

长白山全新世以来的火山喷发活动与森林火灾研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

崔钟燮  张三焕 《地理研究》1997,16(1):92-97

采用同位素年代测定等方法,探讨了长白山一万年以来火山活动的期次、规模及森林火灾。  相似文献   

Organochlorine pesticides in fresh-fallen snow on East Rongbuk Glacier of Mt.Qomolangma (Everest)   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

WANG Feng  ZHU Tong  XU BaiQing & KANG ShiChang State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control  College of Environmental Sciences  Peking University  Beijing  China  Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(7):1097-1102

During a field campaign in April 2005,fresh-fallen snow samples were collected on the East Rongbuk Glacier of the Mt. Qomolangma at four altitudes (6500 m,6300 m,6100 m and 5900 m),to study the role of Mt. Qomolangma as "cold-traps" for Persistent Organic Pollutants. From these snow samples col-lected at the highest-altitude,organochlorine pesticides (OCPs):HCB,p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDD were detected,with the concentrations in the ranges of 44―72 pg/L,401―1560 pg/L,and 20―80 pg/L,re-spectively. The concentration of o,p′-DDT was around the method detection limit. Analysis of backward trajectories showed that the detected compounds came from the north of India,suggesting that DDTs detected in the snow were possibly originated from new emissions in this area. Relationships between the concentrations of OCPs in snow samples and the sampling altitudes were discussed. The altitudes had no obvious effect on HCB concentrations in the fresh-fallen snow,while increases in the concen-trations of p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDD with increasing altitude were found,which was reversed compared to the trends observed in North America. Three factors likely resulted in this trend: (1) the properties of the target compounds; (2) the low temperatures at high altitudes; and (3) the location of the mountain sampling sites relative to their sources.  相似文献   

Reliability of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data in the Himalayas/Tibetan Plateau     

XIE Aihong  REN Jiawen  QIN Xiang  KANG Shichang 《地理学报》2007,17(4):421-430

Due to the difficult logistics in the extreme high elevation regions over the Himala-yas and Tibetan Plateau, the observational meteorological data are very few. In 2003, an automatic weather station was deployed at the northeastern saddle of Mt. Nyainqentanglha (NQ) (30°24′44.3″ N, 90°34′13.1″ E, 5850 m a.s.l.), the southern Tibetan Plateau. In 2005, another station was operated at the East Rongbuk Glacier Col (28°01′0.95″ N, 86°57′48.4″ E, 6523 m a.s.l.) of Mt. Qomolangma. Observational data from the two sites have been com-pared with the reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Predic-tion/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR), reliability of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data has been investigated in the Himalayas/Tibetan Plateau region. The reanaly-sis data can capture much of the synoptic-scale variability in temperature and pressure, al-though the reanalysis values are systematically lower than the observation. Furthermore, most of the variability magnitude is, to some degree, underestimated. In addition, the weather event extracted from the NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed pressure and temperature prominently appears one day ahead of the observational data on Mt. Qomolangma, while on Mt. NQ it occurs basically in the same day.  相似文献   

贺兰山针叶林物种密度的通径分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱源  康慕谊  刘全儒  江源  苏云  赵登海  和克俭  陶岩  朱恒峰  徐广才  王耿锐 《山地学报》2007,25(4):469-474

通径分析是研究变量间复杂关系的一种有效方法。在沿海拔梯度进行群落调查的基础上,对贺兰山针叶林物种密度进行通径分析,结果表明:1)贺兰山东西坡针叶林物种密度的海拔格局基本一致。物种密度的主要影响因子是海拔,而海拔反映了综合的气候梯度。2)针叶林的物种密度明显随着海拔的升高而降低,表层土壤有机质含量的增高对于物种密度有促进作用。3)针叶林的物种密度主要由草本种类的多少决定。草本和灌木层物种密度都明显受到海拔和土壤有机质含量的影响。坡向对于灌木层物种密度也有一定影响。  相似文献   

Magnetotelluric resistivity modeling for 3D characterization of geothermal reservoirs in the Western side of Mt. Aso, SW Japan   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Hisafumi Asaue  Katsuaki Koike  Toru Yoshinaga  Shinichi Takakura   《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2006,58(4):296

Geothermal reservoirs are usually located at a depth range of 2 to 5 km, so to efficiently utilize such resources an advanced prospecting method is needed to detect these deep geologic structures. This study aimed to three-dimensionally characterize geothermal reservoirs by a combination of Magnetotelluric (MT) survey, inversion analysis of apparent resistivity, and interpolation of the resistivity data obtained. The western side of Mt. Aso crater, southwest Japan, was chosen as the case study area. Three hot springs exist there and a fault is assumed to go in the direction connecting them. A MT survey was carried out at 26 sites and the data processed by a remote reference method to reduce artificial noises. Based on skewness and Mohr circle analyses of the impedance tensor, the local geologic structure at each site could be approximated as horizontally layered and therefore, a one-dimensional inversion analysis was applied to the MT raw data. The resultant resistivity column data were then interpolated by the three-dimensional optimization principle method. The resistivity distributions obtained clarified continuous conductors with especially low resistivity (less than 10 Ω·m) at the hot springs along the fault. Because the resistivity decreases largely with an abundance of clay minerals, the conductors could be considered to correspond with the cap rocks. Thus, two geothermal reservoirs, whose shapes were estimated to be pillar, were detected under the cap rocks in an elevation range of − 1000 to − 3000 m. By comparing the resistivity distributions with the temperature distributions based on fluid-flow calculations at a steady state using FEM, the validity of the location and dimension of the estimated reservoirs were confirmed.  相似文献