黄山不同高度雨滴谱的演变特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈聪  银燕  陈宝君 《大气科学学报》2015,38(3):388-395

选取2011年6月黄山地区一次降水过程,利用测得的雨滴谱资料对不同高度上降水微物理量及雨滴谱分布特征进行分析,并讨论其中的差异。结果表明:此次降水较强,各直径微物理量在山腰最大、山底次之、山顶最小;山腰的雨强最大,而山顶数浓度最大。在雨滴谱分布中,小于1mm的雨滴数密度是山顶大于山腰大于山底,这与小雨滴的蒸发和碰并有关;大于1.5 mm的雨滴数密度则是山腰大于山顶和山底,这可能与地形抬升使得云系加强有关。由各微物理量的时间序列可将降水过程分为两个阶段,第一阶段各微物理量值明显大于第二阶段,其中第一阶段的降水量约为第二阶段的3倍。雨强与雷达反射率、数浓度、最大直径近似成幂函数关系,其中雨强与雷达反射率相关性最好。  相似文献   

210Pb and 7Be as Tracers for Aerosol Transfers at Center Guizhou，China：Ⅰ．The Explanation by Weekly Interval     

Wan Guojiang  Zheng Xiangdong  Lee H N  Bai Z G  Wan Enyuan  Wang Shilu  Yang Wei 《地球科学进展》2010,25(5):492-504

It′s essential to measure air concentrations and depositional fluxes of environmental radionuclides in different regions for modeling global contamination transfer and validation, tracing deposition process and dating, referencing watershed erosion trace and assessing natural radiation of ecosystem. This study introduces the research background and methods and explains weekly variations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations in surface air and precipitation at Mt. Guanfeng/Guiyang since 2001. The results indicate that ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations in surface air fluctuate periodically at 2~6 week interval because of the meteorological condition changes. The annual trend in ²¹⁰Pb air concentration is overall influenced by air temperature variation and periodical rainfall. ⁷Be air concentration varies up and down regualarly. The synchronization of low concentrations for both ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in surface air and high ratio (²¹⁰Pb/⁷Be ≥ 0.8) indicate oceanic poor ²¹⁰Pb-⁷Be air mass invasion. The synchronization of high concentrations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in surface air and low ratio (²¹⁰Pb/⁷Be ≤ 0.7) implies rich ⁷Be air mass invasion from altostratus atmosphere. Weekly concentrations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in precipitation and the K_d coefficients are high in late Autumn to Spring, and low in late Spring to Autumn. Although ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations vary seasonally, their weekly concentrations in precipitation increase with that of air concentration. The ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be weekly concentrations for seasonal division is about 0.2 Bq/L and 1 Bq/L, respectively. However, the K_d coefficient decreases when ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be air concentrations increase. Deposition of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be with precipitation mainly take place in Spring and Summer; The weekly fallout of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be increases with increasing precipitation; the increase of ⁷Be is triple of that of ²¹⁰Pb and 2.5 when precipitation nears to zero. The weekly-high fallout of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be with precipitation corresponds with the dramatic decrease of their air concentrations within or vicinal weeks. The ratio of ²¹⁰Pb to ⁷Be in rainfall is overall ≤ 0.5 and varies synchronously with the ratio in surface air, indicating that the two radionuclides are cleaned by precipitation from air at close speed. In the extreme freezing disaster in 2008, both ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be air concentrations were low and coupling with coexist of low concentration of aerosol and high nuclides activities. Weekly concentration of ⁷Be in surface air at Mt. Guanfeng demonstrates the anticipated concentration level in the low-latitude and high-elevation region; the short-term fluctuations of ⁷Be concentration indicated the hysteresis was influcenced by the strong air current submersion and the low-elevation air mass rising differently at Mt. Guanfeng and Mt. Waliguan.   相似文献   

龙门山的石炭系     

廖卓庭  王向东  王伟  祁玉平  陈波  张燚强  张峰  林巍  冯卓 《地层学杂志》2010,34(4)

四川江油马角坝、北川沙窝子是龙门山上泥盆统、下石炭统区域性主要岩石地层单位的命名地,对这两地及前龙门山北段地区的调查发现:1)前人关于马角坝地区下石炭统的层序和马角坝组主要化石群的记载有与实际不符之处,当地实际缺失杜内期至维宪早、中期地层,总长沟群的时代应属晚维宪—谢尔普霍夫期,重新厘定马角坝组含义,新指定北川桂溪沙窝子的长滩子剖面为该组的参考剖面;2)在长滩子剖面长滩子组顶部Beichuano-phyllum与Cystophrentis珊瑚化石富集层之上、马角坝组Pseudouralinia富集层之下的大套厚层白云岩层组合的中上部层位,发现Cystophrentis等化石,基于这套厚层白云岩组合的岩性特征明显、顶底接触关系清楚、区域展布广泛,建议引用前人提出的黑岩窝组,同时对黑岩窝组的岩性、岩层组合与古生物组合特征、厚度和时代归属等作了补充和修正,根据其中所含生物群认为黑岩窝组时代为晚泥盆世法门晚期;3)通过与周边地区的地层对比,探讨了龙门山石炭纪的古地理格局及环境演变,认为除前龙门山中部的桂溪—沙窝子等狭窄地区因长期地处泥盆纪海水入侵通道,地势低洼,出现了残存式的杜内期沉积外,前龙门山南、北段广大地区杜内期至维宪早、中期已大部抬升露出水面,直到维宪晚期的全球性海侵,前龙门山遂再度没于水下,出现准平原化浅滩相沉积环境,并延续至石炭纪末。  相似文献   

新疆哈尔里克山后碰撞期构造-岩浆活动特征及年代学证据   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

陈希节  舒良树 《岩石学报》2010,26(10):3057-3064

新疆地区后碰撞期构造-岩浆活动非常活跃,其同位素年龄集中在290～270Ma。天山东段的后碰撞期构造-岩浆活动研究相对薄弱,高质量的定年数据较少。在野外地质调查的基础上,笔者选择东天山哈尔里克地区的小堡花岗岩体进行了锆石的LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年,获得两组谐和年龄,分别为297±2Ma和295±2Ma,代表哈尔里克地区后碰撞早期岩浆作用的形成时代。小堡岩体矿物组合以斜长石、石英、钾长石、角闪石和黑云母为主,副矿物有锆石、磷灰石和磁铁矿,与I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩矿物组合基本一致。与小堡花岗岩体同时发育、空间并存的还有基性岩墙群和碱性花岗岩,构成后碰撞初始阶段三组合地质标志。结合区域地质资料,认为小堡早二叠世花岗岩体是后碰撞初期碰撞造山、地壳增厚引发下地壳物质部分熔融的产物,其构造属性为板内岩浆活动。  相似文献   

Shallow‐water microbialite‐volcaniclastic facies association in the Cambro‐Ordovician Mt Windsor Subprovince,Australia     

M. G. Doyle  J. McPhie 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):815-831

The Trooper Creek Formation is a mineralised submarine volcano‐sedimentary sequence in the Cambro‐Ordovician Seventy Mile Range Group, Queensland. Most of the Trooper Creek Formation accumulated in a below‐storm‐wave‐base setting. However, microbialites and fossiliferous quartz‐hematite ± magnetite lenses provide evidence for local shoaling to above fairweather wave‐base (typically 5–15 m). The microbialites comprise biogenic (oncolites, stromatolites) and volcanogenic (pumice, shards, crystal fragments) components. Microstructural elements of the bioherms and biostromes include upwardly branching stromatolites, which suggest that photosynthetic microorganisms were important in constructing the microbialites. Because the microbialites are restricted to a thin stratigraphic interval in the Trooper Creek area, shallow‐water environments are interpreted to have been spatially and temporarily restricted. The circumstances that led to local shoaling are recorded by the enclosing volcanic and sedimentary lithofacies. The microbialites are hosted by felsic syneruptive pumiceous turbidites and water‐settled fall deposits generated by explosive eruptions. The microbialite host rocks overlie a thick association (≤?300 m) of andesitic lithofacies that includes four main facies: coherent andesite and associated autoclastic breccia and peperite; graded andesitic scoria breccia (scoriaceous sediment gravity‐flow deposits); fluidal clast‐rich andesitic breccia (water‐settled fall and sediment gravity‐flow deposits); and cross‐stratified andesitic sandstone and breccia (traction‐current deposits). The latter three facies consist of poorly vesicular blocky fragments, scoriaceous clasts (10–90%), and up to 10% fluidally shaped clasts. The fluidal clasts are interpreted as volcanic bombs. Clast shapes and textures in the andesitic volcaniclastic facies association imply that fragmentation occurred through a combination of fire fountaining and Strombolian activity, and a large proportion of the pyroclasts disintegrated due to quenching and impacts. Rapid syneruptive, near‐vent aggradation of bombs, scoria, and quench‐fragmented clasts probably led to temporary shoaling, so that subsequent felsic volcaniclastic facies and microbialites were deposited in shallow water. When subsidence outpaced aggradation, the depositional setting at Trooper Creek returned to being relatively deep marine.  相似文献   

Comparison of the ‘strike‐slip’ versus the ‘episodic rift‐sag’ models for the origin of the Isa Superbasin     

P. G. Betts  G. S. Lister 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):265-280

In this paper we assess two competing tectonic models for the development of the Isa Superbasin (ca 1725–1590 Ma) in the Western Fold Belt of the Mt Isa terrane. In the ‘episodic rift‐sag’ tectonic model the basin architecture is envisaged as similar to that of a Basin and Range province characterised by widespread half‐graben development. According to this model, the Isa Superbasin evolved during three stages of the Mt Isa Rift Event. Stage I involved intracontinental extension, half‐graben development, the emergence of fault scarps and tilt‐blocks, and bimodal volcanism. Stage II involved episodic rifting and sag during intervening periods of tectonic quiescence. Stage III was dominated by thermal relaxation of the lithosphere with transient episodes of extension. Sedimentation was controlled by the development of arrays of half‐grabens bounded by intrabasinal transverse or transfer faults. The competing ‘strike‐slip’ model was developed for the Gun Supersequence stratigraphic interval of the Isa Superbasin (during stage II and the beginning of stage III). According to this model, sinistral movements along north‐northeast‐orientated strike‐slip faults took place, with oblique movements along northwest‐orientated faults. This resulted in the deposition of southeast‐thickening ramp sequences with local sub‐basin depocentres forming to the west and north of north‐northeast‐ and northwest‐trending faults, respectively. It is proposed that dilation zones focused magmatism (e.g. Sybella Granite) and transfer of strike‐slip movement resulted in transient uplift along the western margin of the Mt Gordon Arch. Our analysis supports the ‘episodic rift‐sag’ model. We find that the inferred architecture for the strike‐slip model correlates poorly with the observed structural elements. Interpretation is made difficult because there has been significant modification and reorientation of fault geometry during the Isan Orogeny and these effects need to be removed before any assertion as to the basin structure is made. Strike‐slip faulting does not explain the regional‐scale pattern of basin subsidence. The ‘episodic rift‐sag’ model explains the macroscopic geometry of the Isa Superbasin and is consistent with the detailed sedimentological analysis of basin facies architecture, and the structural history and geometry.  相似文献   

Thermoluminescence dating of the eruption at Mt Schank,South Australia     

B. W. Smith  J. R. Prescott 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):335-342

Mount Schank, a young volcano in southeastern South Australia, has been dated by thermoluminescence. The dated material was quartz from a former beach dune overlain by the lava flow. Disequilibrium in the uranium decay series required a detailed analysis of the isotopic concentrations in the sand. The samples dated yielded an average age of 4930 ± 540 years BP which is consistent with palaeomagnetic measurements. Combined thermoluminescence, palaeomagnetic and radiocarbon evidence leave unresolved the relative chronologies of Mt Schank and nearby Mt Gambier.  相似文献   

祁连山区季节性积雪资源的气候分析^*   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

陈乾  陈添宇 《地理研究》1991,10(1):24-38

本文采用1986年10月至1988年9月NOAA—9、10两颗卫星的AVHRR资料标准化后反演的积雪参量,对照祈连山区26个气象站1951—1988年逐日雪深、雪密度和积雪日数的资科,修正卫星反演的平均值。得到高分辨率多年平均雪深和雪盖频率的空间分布。从而估算出各流域平均雪储量,并与降雪量和春季融雪径流作对此分析。  相似文献   

青藏高原腹地各拉丹冬南北坡多年冻土考察初步结果     

刘广岳  邹德富  杨斌  杜二计  周华云  肖瑶  赵林  谭昌海  胡国杰  庞强强  王武  孙哲  朱小凡  殷秀峰  汪凌霄  李智斌  谢昌卫 《冰川冻土》2022,44(1):83-95

青藏高原唐古拉山南北两侧在地形地貌、地理和气候特征上存在显著差异,多年冻土的发育状况和特征也明显不同。受第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究等项目资助,多年冻土对亚洲水塔的影响专题考察分队分别于2019年和2020年的10—11月对唐古拉山各拉丹冬南侧的色林错上游扎加藏布源区（简称“湖源区”）和北侧的长江上游沱沱河源区（简称“江源区”）进行了多年冻土野外考察。利用钻探、坑探、地球物理勘探等方法对多年冻土的分布边界、多年冻土剖面的地层、地下冰等特征进行了描述和取样,同步构建了多年冻土温度和活动层水热观测网络,为多年冻土对亚洲水塔影响的机理分析、数值模拟以及情景预估提供数据保障。对野外调查资料的初步分析认为,各拉丹冬南北两坡地层沉积类型和地下冰赋存状态存在明显差异,北坡多年冻土的热稳定性、地下冰含量、冰缘地貌类型多样性均高于南坡,但由于受到构造地热、河流融区等多种因素的影响,北坡的冻土分布形式更为复杂。江源区100 m钻孔剖面揭示了连续分布的、厚度大于50 m的地下冰;在该区域发现了多年生冻胀丘分布群,并利用钻探和地球物理勘探方法对该区域规模最大、结构最完整的冰核型冻胀丘进行了较为系统的勘察剖析。两次野外调查工作共采集钻孔岩心、表层土壤、冰水等各类样本近1.2万件,为后期区域冻土理化指标分析,冻土环境化学、古气候环境研究的开展奠定基础。  相似文献   

大瑞铁路高黎贡山越岭段主要工程地质问题与地质选线   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李光伟  杜宇本  蒋良文  郭长宝  沈维  刘筱怡 《地质力学学报》2015,21(1):73-86

在野外地质调查、钻探、地应力测量和室内测试分析的基础上,对大瑞铁路高黎贡山越岭段规划设计中可能遇到的高地温、高地应力、活动断裂断错、岩爆、涌水突泥、软岩大变形和边坡稳定性等主要工程地质问题进行了论述,认为高地温和热害是制约高黎贡山深埋隧道段建设的关键因素。根据地热钻探、测试资料分析,该区的地热分布受断裂构造控制明显,黄草坝断裂具有阻水隔热的工程地质特性。对比分析认为,C12K方案(34.5 km越岭长隧道方案)位于黄草坝阻水隔热断层之南,通道内相对低温,且在隧道口处避让了古滑坡等不利工程地质问题,在众多比选方案中工程地质条件较好。调查研究结果对大瑞铁路全线贯通具有重要意义。  相似文献