冬季北太平洋涛动异常与东亚冬季风和我国天气气候的关系   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13  

郭冬  孙照渤 《南京气象学院学报》2004,27(4):461-470

用1948-2000年的北半球海平面气压场月平均资料，计算了北太平洋涛动指数和东亚冬季风指数，并研究了北太平洋涛动与东亚冬季风及我国冬季天气气候的关系。研究表明，北太平洋涛动异常变化与我国冬季天气、气候关系密切。强涛动年，东亚冬季风偏弱，我国气温普遍偏高，长江中下游地区降水偏少，而华南降水偏多；而弱涛动指数年，东亚冬季风偏强，我国气温普遍偏低，降水偏少。此外，还指出，强(弱)INPO年大气环流具有弱(强)WP型和强(弱)EU遥相关型。  相似文献   

RESPONSE OF THE ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION TO WINTER SNOW COVER ANOMALY^*     

CHEN Haishan  SUN Zhaobo 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2002,16(2):133-149

In this paper,the response of the atmospheric general circulation to winter anomalous snow cover was investigated through observations studies and model simulation.Results from the observations show that:(1)the anomalous winter snow cover in the extratropics of Eurasian Continent bears an intimate relation to the contemporary atmospheric general circulation.The positive anomaly of winter snow cover is usually accompanied by positive atmospheric EUP teleconnection pattern and stronger East Asian winter monsoon:or vice versa.(2)The linkage between them suggests that the abnormal winter snow cover has an important impact on winter atmospheric general circulation.The anomalous snow cover pattern can lead to the anomaly of winter atmospheric EUP teleconnection pattern and thus influence East Asian Winter monsoon.With NCAR CCM2 including BATS land surface scheme,three groups of experiments were performed to examine the atmospheric response to the anomalous snow cover pattern and explore the relevant mechanism.Simulated results agree well with the observations,which testify the significant response of the atmosphere to snow cover anomaly.It is found that the radiative cooling induced by anomalous snow cover plays an important role in above processes,and the feedback of long-wave radiation can not be neglected.  相似文献   

太平洋秋季SSTA与西北地区春季降水的耦合性研究     

李耀辉  李栋梁  赵庆云 《干旱气象》1998,(1)

利用中国西北五省（区）和内蒙古西部的共１０６个测站的１９６０～１９９０年３～５月的月、季总降水量和太平洋１０°Ｓ～５０°Ｎ,１２０°Ｅ～８０°Ｗ范围内２８６个格点（５°×５°）的秋季（９～１１月）的平均海表温度,通过ＥＯＦ、ＲＥＯＦ、ＳＶＤ及交叉谱分析等方法,对秋季太平洋海温的异常特性及其与我国西北干旱半干旱地区后期春季降水之间的空间地域遥相关耦合特征进行了分析研究。结果表明,秋季太平洋海温差异常存在６个关键区域,其中赤道东太平洋地区是最敏感的异常信号区;西北干旱半干旱地区春季降水与前期秋季赤道东太平洋海温异常之间有着清晰的遥相关。当海温异常偏高,即有ＥＬ－Ｎｉｎｏ现象时,西北地区的降水普遍偏少,并以高原东侧青、甘、宁交界地区及渭水流域的偏少为主;Ｌａ－Ｎｉｎａ时的情况正好相反,内蒙西部的春季降水变化趋势与我国西北地区基本一致。  相似文献   

亚洲冬夏季风对ENSO事件的响应   总被引：121，自引：26，他引：95  

陶诗言  张庆云 《大气科学》1998,22(4):399-407

根据NCEP/NCAR_1980～1995年的再分析资料,分析了1980年以来5个El Ni?o和La Ni?a年冬、春和夏季200、500和850 hPa合成高度场、风场、流函数场及温度场。发现在冬季El Ni?o（La Ni?a）年亚洲上空的环流型不利（有利）于寒潮向南爆发,导致亚洲冬季风和大洋洲夏季风弱（强）。在El Ni?o（La Ni?a）年冬季华南和青藏高原降水或降雪量为正（负）距平,这使得在晚春和初夏南亚的加热慢（快）,导致夏季海陆的热力对比小（大）,因而出现弱（强）夏季风。我们还发现强El Ni?o年冬季,在印度洋-亚洲上空出现类似于东太平洋-北美上空的PNA遥相关,我们称之为印度洋-亚洲遥相关型（IA）,引起亚洲冬夏季风年际变化的物理过程都是由IA遥相关型引起的。  相似文献   

亚洲夏季风活动激发的北半球大气环流遥相关型   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

黎伟标  纪立人 《大气科学》1997,21(3):283-288

亚洲季风区是全球热力变化最为显著的区域，亚洲夏季风活动必定会对其它环流系统产生影响。本文通过夏季风指数与北半球环流的相关计算以及强、弱季风候北半球环流异常合成的分析发现，亚洲夏季风的活动会激发北半球夏季大气环流遥相关型，其主要相关中心均出现在季风区的下游地区，即从亚洲经太平洋至北美洲一带，除了表现出正负中心交替出现的波列状结构外，该遥相关型在太平洋地区还表现为一对南北向的偶极子异常型，我们将这一遥相关型称为亚洲太平洋北美（ＡＰＮ）型。  相似文献   

季节转换期间副热带高压带形态变异及其机制的研究Ⅱ:亚洲季风区季节转换指数   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14  

毛江玉  吴国雄  刘屹岷 《气象学报》2002,60(4):409-420

在“季节转换期间副热带高压带形态变异及其机制的研究Ⅰ :副热带高压结构气候学特征研究”的基础上 ,进一步讨论亚洲夏季风爆发与当地对流层中上层东西向暖脊的经向位置变化关系。亚洲夏季风相继在孟加拉湾、南海和南亚爆发期间 ,除了对流层高、低空风场及深对流活动在季风爆发前后具有反相的变化以外 ,副热带高压脊面附近大气经向温度梯度亦具有明显的反相特征。对流层中上层 (2 0 0～ 5 0 0hPa)脊面附近建立的北暖南冷的温度结构 ,能够反映亚洲各季风区夏季风爆发共同的本质特征 ,根据季节转换的热力学基础 ,指出对流层中上层经向温度梯度作为度量季风爆发的指标是合理可行的。文中提出了以副热带高压脊面附近对流层中上层大气经向温度梯度作为表征季节转换的指数 ,给出了确定季节转换开始日期的具体定义以及历年季节转换日期序列 ,同时给出由85 0hPa纬向风和OLR表征的季风爆发日期序列。相关分析表明 ,85 0hPa纬向风只是个区域性指标 ,而南北温度梯度具有一定的普适性  相似文献   

RESPONSE OF THE ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION TO WINTER SNOW COVER ANOMALY   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈海山  孙照渤 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2002,(2)

In this paper,the response of the atmospheric general circulation to winter anomalous snowcover was investigated through observations studies and model simulation.Results from the observations show that:(1)the anomalous winter snow cover in theextratropics of Eurasian Continent bears an intimate relation to the contemporary atmosphericgeneral circulation.The positive anomaly of winter snow cover is usually accompanied by positiveatmospheric EUP teleconnection pattern and stronger East Asian winter monsoon:or vice versa.(2)The linkage between them suggests that the abnormal winter snow cover has an importantimpact on winter atmospheric general circulation.The anomalous snow cover pattern can lead tothe anomaly of winter atmospheric EUP teleconnection pattern and thus influence East AsianWinter monsoon.With NCAR CCM2 including BATS land surface scheme,three groups of experiments wereperformed to examine the atmospheric response to the anomalous snow cover pattern and explorethe relevant mechanism.Simulated results agree well with the observations,which testify thesignificant response of the atmosphere to snow cover anomaly.It is found that the radiative coolinginduced by anomalous snow cover plays an important role in above processes,and the feedback oflong-wave radiation can not be neglected.  相似文献   

Basin‐scale stream‐flow forecasting using the information of large‐scale atmospheric circulation phenomena     

Rajib Maity  D. Nagesh Kumar 《水文研究》2008,22(5):643-650

It is well recognized that the time series of hydrologic variables, such as rainfall and streamflow are significantly influenced by various large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns. The influence of El Niño‐southern oscillation (ENSO) on hydrologic variables, through hydroclimatic teleconnection, is recognized throughout the world. Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) has been proved to be significantly influenced by ENSO. Recently, it was established that the relationship between ISMR and ENSO is modulated by the influence of atmospheric circulation patterns over the Indian Ocean region. The influences of Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) mode and equatorial Indian Ocean oscillation (EQUINOO) on ISMR have been established in recent research. Thus, for the Indian subcontinent, hydrologic time series are significantly influenced by ENSO along with EQUINOO. Though the influence of these large‐scale atmospheric circulations on large‐scale rainfall patterns was investigated, their influence on basin‐scale stream‐flow is yet to be investigated. In this paper, information of ENSO from the tropical Pacific Ocean and EQUINOO from the tropical Indian Ocean is used in terms of their corresponding indices for stream‐flow forecasting of the Mahanadi River in the state of Orissa, India. To model the complex non‐linear relationship between basin‐scale stream‐flow and such large‐scale atmospheric circulation information, artificial neural network (ANN) methodology has been opted for the present study. Efficient optimization of ANN architecture is obtained by using an evolutionary optimizer based on a genetic algorithm. This study proves that use of such large‐scale atmospheric circulation information potentially improves the performance of monthly basin‐scale stream‐flow prediction which, in turn, helps in better management of water resources. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

大洋间SST遥联与亚太夏季风异常的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨晓苑  王盘兴  覃军  卢楚翰 《南京气象学院学报》2007,30(2):194-200

用奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)方法,给出了四季年代际和年际时间尺度上北大西洋和北太平洋海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)的显著遥相关.用SVD主模态时间系数构造了海温异常指数Ⅰ,分析了它们与同期亚太夏季风和我国东部夏季降水异常的关系.结果表明:两大洋间的SST遥联在年际、年代际时间尺度上都与亚太夏季风相关,其中,年际尺度的两大洋SST遥联与长江流域的降水存在显著相关.  相似文献   

冬季西太平洋遥相关型的环流结构特征及其与我国冬季气温和降水的关系   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

李勇  何金海  姜爱军  周兵 《气象科学》2007,27(2):119-125

用近55 a资料研究了冬季西太平洋遥相关型(WP)异常环流特征及其与我国冬季天气气候的关系。结果表明:冬季西太平洋遥相关型与我国冬季天气气候关系密切。高指数年500 hPa高度场亚洲大陆上空中高纬为负高度异常,中纬度西风偏强,环流呈纬向型,对应海平面气压场上西伯利亚高压偏弱,东亚冬季风偏弱;低指数年情况相反。冬季西太平洋遥相关指数与我国冬季气温和降水存在显著的大范围正相关,与气温的高相关区为我国东部、南部沿海及西南地区所形成的U型区域,而与降水的高相关区则主要分布在我国东部地区。  相似文献