Climate variability and planktonic communities: The effect of an extreme event (severe drought) in a southern European estuary   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

Snia Cotrim Marques  Ulisses Miranda Azeiteiro  Filipe Martinho  Miguel ngelo Pardal 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,73(3-4):725-734

As a consequence of climate change, flood and drought events are increasing in frequency throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of the effects on zooplankton estuarine communities is still scarce. The present study aimed to examine zooplankton ecology over two contrasting environmental conditions: regular years and extreme dry years, in a shallow temperate southern European estuary, the Mondego Estuary (Portugal). Monthly samples were carried out during three consecutive years: 2003 characterized as a regular temperate year concerning precipitation and river flow, and an extremely dry period during 2004–2005. The spatial and temporal structure of the biological data was evaluated by a three-mode principal component analysis (PCA), which allowed us to distinguish three distinct ecological areas based on their biological composition and their relationship with hydrologic parameters. The severe drought in 2004–2005 was responsible for spatial shifts in the estuary regarding zooplankton community and interannual variability, with an increase in abundance and diversity during the period of low freshwater flow. This freshwater flow regime influenced the composition of the zooplankton community at the most upstream section of Mondego estuary (zone 3), with a replacement of the freshwater community by one predominantly dominated by estuarine organisms. The occurrence of such estuarine community contributed to the increase in zooplankton abundance which is ascribed to the estuarine species Acartia tonsa. The comparison with previous data obtained for this estuarine ecosystem, demonstrated the occurrence of a different scenario at times of high freshwater flow, being defined the existence of two sub-estuarine systems, the north and south arm, presenting the south one the highest values of abundance.  相似文献   

海洋地球化学若干领域的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蓝先洪 《海洋地质前沿》2002,18(4):6-10,18

海洋地球化学是20世纪中期形成的一门新兴边缘科学，是在海洋科学飞速发展和取得了一系列重大成果的基础上产生的。从海洋同位素地球化学的发展、海洋元素的循环与示踪技术的研究、短周期气候变化与突变事件的发现以及海底矿产资源的大面积勘测等方面论述了海洋地球化学若干领域的研究进展。  相似文献   

广西汛期大范围持续性强降水特征与天气学分型研究     

李华实  王东海  陆虹  陈思蓉  曾智琳  张春燕 《热带气象学报》2023,(2):242-255

利用1979—2019年国家级气象观测站日降水资料、ERA5再分析资料以及CMA热带气旋最佳路径集,对51例发生在广西的汛期大范围持续性强降水过程进行了统计分析与天气学分型研究,重点探索了不同类型过程的关键环流特征与锋生结构差异。主要研究结论如下：大范围持续性强降水过程有华北槽、南支槽、低涡切变、副高边缘、热带气旋以及季风低压等六种主要类型,均以稳定天气环流背景为共同特征。华北槽型发生频率最高,南支槽型平均持续时间最长且平均影响范围最广。华北槽、南支槽和低涡切变型过程的降水强度相当,主要落区在桂东北,由该区特殊地形及其与冷暖空气交绥共同作用而引起锋生,较强锋生起始高度较高且不深厚,但在中低层都存在一定干冷空气的侵入,尤以华北槽型最明显,有利于增强大气不稳定度以及锋生发展;另外,南支槽型在沿海伴有暖区雨带。副高边缘、热带气旋和季风低压型降水强度较大,主要落区位于桂南,大多则由地形抬升暖空气、狭管效应以及地形摩擦辐合作用而引起锋生,触发和维持高效的暖云降水,后两者强锋生起始高度较低且深厚,暖云降水效率更高,而南支槽型沿海锋生区和副高边缘型强锋生相较浅薄。  相似文献   

Consideration of natural hazards in the design and risk management of industrial facilities   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ana Maria Cruz  Norio Okada 《Natural Hazards》2008,44(2):213-227

Recent chemical accidents precipitated by natural disasters have prompted governments in the United States, Japan, and Europe, among other countries, to re-evaluate current practices in the design and risk management of industrial facilities. This paper presents an overview of natural hazard design considerations and external events risk management requirements in the industrial sector, with particular emphasis on industrial practices in the United States, Japan, and Europe. The analysis shows that although regulations exist to ensure industrial plant structures are built to resist natural hazards (up to the design level), there are few laws to address the performance of non-structural elements and safety and emergency response measures during a natural disaster. Laws usually also refer to natural hazards only indirectly, and provisions to prevent or respond to simultaneous disasters from single or multiple sources concurrent with the natural disaster are usually not present.

Ana Maria CruzEmail:

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基于日SPEI的近55 a西南地区极端干旱事件时空演变特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

贾艳青  张勃 《地理科学》2018,38(3):474-483

利用1960~2014年中国西南地区141个气象台站的逐日气象资料,引入一个新的干旱指数——逐日标准化降水蒸散指数（日SPEI）,对极端干旱事件的年代际、年际、季节内变化及持续性特征进行了分析,结果表明：空间上,近55 a西南春季和年极端干旱程度呈一致的减弱趋势,重庆、四川与贵州的交界处及四川西北部极端干旱程度明显缓解,而夏、秋两季极端干旱表现出增强的趋势并有一定的区域性特征。时间上,春季和全年极端干旱频率、强度和持续天数逐渐减少,春季极端干旱的减弱程度较全年明显;夏、秋两季极端干旱频率、强度和持续天数呈增加趋势,夏季极端干旱的加重趋势比秋季明显。从极端干旱事件的持续性来看,20世纪60年代和21世纪初（2000~2014年）西南遭受的极端干旱最严重,持续期达60 d以上的站点分别占到站点总数的60%和73%。  相似文献   

气候要素及El Niño/La Niña事件对中国陆地NPP变化的影响     

崔林丽  史军  肖风劲 《地理学报》2018,73(1):54-66

植被净初级生产力（NPP）是表征陆地生态系统碳循环的重要指标,也是人类社会赖以生存与发展的物质基础。基于遥感—过程耦合模型（GLOPEM-CEVSA模型）模拟的中国区域NPP数据和气象站点观测资料以及厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜（El Ni?o/La Ni?a）事件信息,利用GIS空间分析技术和数理统计方法研究了中国植被NPP的时空格局、动态变化以及气候要素和El Ni?o/La Ni?a气候事件对其影响。结果表明,1982-2011年,中国植被NPP总体上以5.66 gCm^-2(10a)^-1的趋势增长,空间上,植被NPP在中国西部和东北北部、东部地区增加,而在东北中部、华北平原、内蒙中东部、长三角和珠三角地区减少。中国江淮地区植被NPP的降低与日照时数的减少具有较好的对应关系,在华北地区和新疆北部,NPP的增减取决于降水量的增减。东北地区日照时数的增加和气温的升高则是NPP增加的主要原因。就全国整体而言,在El Ni?o年植被NPP增加的区域略多于减少的区域,在La Ni?a年NPP增加的区域则与减少的区域基本相等,日照时数是造成El Ni?o年与La Ni?a年植被NPP差异的主要气候因子。未来需要更加关注辐射、极端气候事件以及人为空气污染对中国不同地区植被的影响。  相似文献   

Large precipitation event variability among headwater SNOTEL sites and impacts on streamflow in the Upper Colorado River Basin     

Johnathan P. Kirk  Thomas W. Schmidlin 《自然地理学》2018,39(5):445-470

This exploratory study defines and characterizes large precipitation events (LPEs) at a sample of snow telemetry (SNOTEL) sites located in headwater subbasins of the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) and assesses the relationships of interannual LPE variability on basin streamflow. LPE thresholds are defined as the 80th percentile of daily precipitation increments observed at each SNOTEL site from 1981 to 2014. On average, LPEs accounted for more than half (55.5%) of annual precipitation. Total precipitation, total LPE precipitation, LPE count, and LPE magnitude are assessed annually at each SNOTEL site. Statistical analysis shows that these LPE metrics, observed at the headwater SNOTEL sites, are strongly correlated with total annual streamflow downstream, as measured at river gages on major tributaries in the UCRB and at Lake Powell. Further analysis of streamflow during the early twenty-first century drought suggests that drought conditions have coincided with lower precipitation observed at the SNOTEL sites, due in part to fewer and drier LPEs in recent years. Investigation of upper air patterns during LPEs reveals that such events most commonly coincide with zonal, onshore flow among the northern subbasins and amplified troughs towards the south of the UCRB, patterns which have been less common during the drought.  相似文献   

地理事件的可视化方法研究     

张伟  陈晓慧  蒋秉川  李锋 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(3)

以地理事件为研究对象,分析地理事件的特征要素,结合信息可视化的方法,对地理事件进行可视化表达。目的是探索大数据环境下,地理事件可视化过程中的难点,寻找面向用户、界面友好、协同交互的地理事件可视化方法,为进一步的可视分析、知识发现及预测提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

Major Advances in the Study of the Precambrian Geology and Metallogenesis of the North China Craton: A Review   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

ZHAO Lei  ZHU Xiyan  ZHAI Mingguo 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(4):1122-1155

The North China Craton(NCC) is one of the most ancient cratons in the world and records a complex geological evolution since the early Precambrian. In addition to recording major geological events similar to those of other cratons, the NCC also exhibits some unique features such as multistage cratonization(late Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic) and long-term rifting during the Meso–Neoproterozoic. The NCC thus provides one of the best examples to address secular changes in geological history and metallogenic epochs in the evolving Earth. We summarize the major geological events and metallogenic systems of the NCC, so that the evolutionary patterns of the NCC can provide a better understanding of the Precambrian NCC and facilitate comparison of the NCC with other ancient continental blocks globally. The NCC experienced three major tectonic cycles during the Precambrian:(1) Neoarchaean crustal growth and stabilization;(2) Palaeoproterozoic rifting–subduction–accretion–collision with imprints of the Great Oxidation Event and(3) Meso–Neoproterozoic multi-stage rifting. A transition from primitive- to modern-style plate tectonics occurred during the early Precambrian to late Proterozoic and is evidenced by the major geological events. Accompanying these major geological events, three major metallogenic systems are identified:(1) the Archaean banded iron formation system;(2) Palaeoproterozoic Cu–Pb–Zn and Mg–B systems and(3) a Mesoproterozoic rare earth element–Fe–Pb–Zn system. The ore-deposit types in each of these metallogenic systems show distinct characteristics and tectonic affinities.  相似文献   

太平洋地区晚第三纪事件的时空分布——IGCP246主要成果和启示     

王伟铭 《地球科学进展》1995,10(6):562-566

ＩＧＣＰ２４６着重研究太平洋地区晚第三纪事件的时分布。本文综述其主要成果，包括：①气候最适期事件，②海水变冷、上升流事件，③构造运动和相关的古生物地理事件，和④重大的生物演化事件；评述这些事件的内在联系和影响，及给我们的启示。  相似文献