2001年7月山西中部一次罕见暴雨过程的诊断分析   总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4  

赵桂香  程麟生 《高原气象》2006,25(6):1083-1091

利用常规探空和地面实测资料以及GMS-5红外卫星云图资料,对发生在2001年7月26~27日山西省晋中市的一次区域性暴雨进行了天气学诊断和准地转Q矢量、湿Q矢量诊断及对比分析,结果表明:(1)此次暴雨发生在稳定的大尺度环流背景下,低涡切变线是其主要影响系统;东移发展的地面强冷锋是造成此次暴雨的天气尺度系统;而冷锋云系中新生、发展的中-β尺度暴雨云团是造成这次暴雨的直接系统。能量场在地面表现为Ω型。(2)Q矢量锋生函数表现出典型的准地转特征,而湿Q矢量锋生函数则具有明显的中尺度特征,且与降水量有滞后6 h的正相关关系,其强中心的出现是未来6 h强降水预报的重要指标。(3)对湿Q矢量的分解表明,Qx*和Qy*在强度、层次以及出现的时间上存在明显差异,这可能是由于对于暴雨这种伴有强烈垂直上升运动的天气现象来说,其经向上热量和动量的交换较纬向上的要大得多;暴雨出现在Qy*正、负值的交汇处。  相似文献   

Local and regional species diversity of benthic Isopoda (Crustacea) in the deep Gulf of Mexico     

George D.F. Wilson   《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2008,55(24-26):2634

Recent studies of deep-sea faunas considered the influence of mid-domain models in the distribution of species diversity and richness with depth. In this paper, I show that separating local diversity from regional species richness in benthic isopods clarifies mid-domain effects in the distribution of isopods in the Gulf of Mexico. Deviations from the randomised implied species ranges can be informative to understanding general patterns within the Gulf of Mexico. The isopods from the GoMB study contained 135 species, with a total of 156 species including those from an earlier study. More than 60 species may be new to science. Most families of deep-sea isopods (suborder Asellota) were present, although some were extremely rare. The isopod family Desmosomatidae dominated the samples, and one species of Macrostylis (Macrostylidae) was found in many samples. Species richness for samples pooled within sites ranged from 1 to 52 species. Because species in pooled samples were highly correlated with individuals, species diversity was compared across sites using the expected species estimator (n=15 individuals, ES₁₅). Six depth transects had idiosyncratic patterns of ES₁₅, and transects with the greatest short-range variation in topography, such as basins and canyons, had the greatest short-range disparity. Basins on the deep slope did not have a consistent influence (i.e., relatively higher or lower than surrounding areas) on the comparative species diversity. ES₁₅ of all transects together showed a weak mid-domain effect, peaking around 1200–1500 m, with low values at the shallowest and deepest samples (Sigsbee Abyssal Plain); no longitudinal (east–west) pattern was found. The regional species pool was analyzed by summing the implied ranges of all species. The species ranges in aggregate did not have significant patterns across longitudes, and many species had broad depth ranges, suggesting that the isopod fauna of the Gulf of Mexico is well dispersed. The summed ranges, as expected, had strong mid-domain patterns, contrasting with the local species richness estimates. The longitudinal ranges closely matched a randomized pattern (species ranges placed randomly, 1000 iterations), with significant deviations in the east attributable to lower sampling effort. The depth pattern, however, deviated from the mid-domain model, with a bimodal peak displaced nearly 500 m shallower than the mode of the randomized distribution. The deviations from random expectation were significantly positive above 1600 m and negative below 2000 m, with the result that regional species richness peaked between 800 and 1200 m, and decreased rapidly at deeper depths. The highest species richness intervals corresponded to the number of individuals collected. Residuals from a regression of the deviations on individual numbers, however, still deviated from the randomized pattern. In this declining depth-diversity pattern, the Gulf of Mexico resembles other partially enclosed basins, such as the Norwegian Sea, known to have suffered geologically recent extinction events. This displaced diversity pattern and broad depth ranges implicate ongoing re-colonization of the deeper parts of the Gulf of Mexico. The Sigsbee Abyssal Plain sites could be depauperate for historical reasons (e.g., one or more extinction events) rather than ongoing ecological reasons (e.g., low food supply).  相似文献   

The Mid‐Brunhes Event and West Antarctic ice sheet stability     

P. B. Holden  N. R. Edwards  E. W. Wolff  P. J. Valdes  J. S. Singarayer 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(5):474-477

The complex cyclical nature of Pleistocene climate, driven by the evolving orbital configuration of the Earth, is well known but not well understood. A major climatic transition took place at the Mid‐Brunhes Event (MBE), ca. 430 ka ago after which the amplitude of the ca.100 ka climate oscillations increased, with substantially warmer interglacials, including periods warmer than present. Recent modelling has indicated that while the timing of these warmer‐than‐present transient (WPT) events is consistent with southern warming due to a deglaciation‐forced slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, the magnitude of warming requires a local amplification, for which a candidate is the feedback of significant West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) retreat. We here extend this argument, based on the absence of WPTs in the early ice core record (450–800 ka ago), to hypothesize that the MBE could be a manifestation of decreased WAIS stability, triggered by ongoing subglacial erosion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

1998年夏季亚洲地区低频大气环流的特征及其与长江中下游降水的关系   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张瑛  陈隆勋  何金海  李薇 《气象学报》2008,66(4):577-591

利用日本GAME资料、TRMM卫星资料及中国730站降水资料研究了1998年夏季亚洲地区对流层至平流层低频振荡(LFO)的传播特征及该年长江中下游夏季降水变化的LFO型,结果表明:1998年5-8月,在青藏高原经纬度上,对流层LFO的东西向传播特征与季节变化有关.在东西方向上,高原和东亚大陆雨季开始前,LFO以向东传播为主;在雨季开始后,LFO以向西传播为主.南北方向上,LFO的传播在雨季前后基本一致,高原南北两侧均向高原传播.在南北方向上,青藏高原是LFO的汇;而在东西方向上,高原西部只在雨季开始后是LFO加强区,使西传进入高原的LFO继续西传.整个大气层以对流层顶(100 hPa)LFO最强,进入平流层LFO迅速减弱.1998年夏季长江中下游降水存在两次明显的LFO循环,我们根据两次降水LFO各位相合成分析了降水、500和100 hPa LFO环流以及沿30°N LFO垂直环流.结果表明:来自西伯利亚向南传播和来自孟加拉湾及南海向北传播的LFO气旋(降水谷值期)和反气旋(降水峰值期)形成了高原东部上空LFO气旋(降水谷值期)和反气旋(降水峰值期)以及来自中纬度西太平洋南下西移经日本、黄海到达中国大陆东部海洋上空的LFO反气旋(降水谷值期)和气旋(降水峰值期)的共同作用造成了长江中下游地区强烈的下沉(降水谷值期)和上升(降水峰值期),形成长江中下游降水LFO谷值期和峰值期.  相似文献   

Crustal Heterogeneity in the Source Region of the 2004 Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake: Inversion Analysis of Coda Envelopes     

K. Nishigami 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(2-3):601-616

The 2004 Mid Niigata Prefecture earthquake (M_JMA 6.8) and its aftershock sequences generated complicated, i.e., several conjugate fault planes in their source region. In order to understand the generating process of these earthquakes, we estimated a 3-D distribution of relative scattering coefficients in the source region. The large slip area during the main shock rupture seems to be bounded by strong heterogeneous zones with larger scattering coefficients. Hypocenters of the main shock and major large aftershocks with M 5-6 classes tend to be located close to stronger scattering areas. We found that one of these strong heterogeneities already existed before the occurrence of the M 5.9 aftershock on November 8. We suppose that heterogeneous structures in the source region of this earthquake sequence affected the initiation and growth of ruptures of the main shock and major large aftershocks.  相似文献   

长江中下游气候的长期变化及基本态特征   总被引：21，自引：9，他引：21  

陈辉  王永波等 《气象科学》2001,21(1):44-53

研究了1885年以来，我国长江中下游四季及年降水量，四季及年平均气温的长期变化，指出长江中下游四个季及年的总降水量（平均气温）都是正的趋势，但有季节的差异，春季是升温同时增雨最显著的季节，还研究了我国长江中下游降水与气温的气候基本态及气候变率的特征及时间演变规律，指出，60年代以后夏季气温变化的异常程度几乎比以前大了一倍，在冬季，近期在暖背景下的冬季气温变率变小的特征表明长江中下游可能出现持续发暖冬特征，还指出，80年代后我国的长江中下游存季降水处于高基本态与高气候变率时段，应注意频繁发生的夏季洪涝灾害，研究还指出，长江中下游夏季降水与印度季风的气候基本态反相关密切，印度季风及东亚夏季风与长江中下游夏季气温变化在各种尺度上有明显的正相关。  相似文献   

青藏高原北部浅层地温异常特征及中短期地震预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘小凤 《高原地震》2002,14(2):1-7

利用浅层地温时空演化特征与中强地震活动的关系，研究了青藏高原北部地区1980年以来发生的几次中强地震前浅层地温异常特征。结果表明：分布在不同地质构造单元的地温测站在地震前有不同的表现形式，中强地震发生的中短期异常指标在空间上表现为地热涡的出现、活动和迁移，在时间上多数地震以高值异常为主，持续时间随震级大小而变化，中强地震一般持续1-6个月，强震持续时间可达1-2年。  相似文献   

下扬子中三叠世—中侏罗世沉积相与印支运动   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

董树文 Schne.  W 《地质论评》1994,40(2):111-119

下扬子地区三叠纪－中侏罗世经历了重大的构造运动──印支运动。在这个过程中三叠纪－中侏罗世的沉积环境发生了沧海桑田的巨变，其沉积相有规律的演化记录了该区构造运动（褶皱作用）的精细发育过程。同时，也确定了现存的下扬子盆地为次级分残体，原主盆地中心和基北部已消失在华北与扬子板块俯冲－碰撞造山带之下。下扬子印支运动正是碰撞造山作用的反映，实为一个渐进递变的收缩过程，并无主次幕之分。  相似文献   

辽东半岛南部张夏组中上部高频率旋回层序及复合海平面变化     

单学东  李显东  曲洪祥  战丽华  董洪年 《国土资源》1998,(4)

辽南地区张夏组中上部高频率旋回地层特征明显,反映高频旋回特点。根据岩性、岩相及界面特征,对其进行划分。其中复州地区划分出４个四级旋回层序,２１个五级旋回层序,７０～８０个六级旋回层序;大连地区共划分出４个四级旋回层序,１９个五级旋回层序及７４个六级旋回层序。各级别旋回层均由相应的次一级旋回层序向上变浅、变厚、变粗的序列组成,其底部均以相应级别的间断—加深面为界。三、四级旋回层序具有区域对比意义。该期海平面具有高频振荡特点,为一复合海平面变化旋回。  相似文献   

罗布泊中更新世以来盐湖碳酸盐碳氧同位素组成及其古环境意义     

吕凤琳  刘成林  焦鹏程  张华  孙小虹  张永明 《地质学报》2018,92(8):1589-1604

罗布泊是欧亚大陆腹地塔里木盆地东端的典型内陆干盐湖,中更新世以来在其北部尤其罗北凹地发育了巨厚的蒸发岩沉积是对全球变冷和青藏高原隆升的积极响应。通过对罗北凹地第一口深钻LDK01孔蒸发岩系中203个样品的自生碳酸盐含量、碳氧同位素测试与分析,讨论了罗布泊中更新世以来的古环境演化特征。研究表明:(1)δ~(18) O和δ13 C协同正向演化,但在蒸发作用强烈的干旱封闭湖泊中,流域降蒸比(P/E)的变化对湖泊水体δ~(18) O影响最为显著;(2)δ~(18) O和δ13 C周期性波动震荡特征,反映干湿交替的环境以及周缘水体对罗北凹地的补给;(3)罗布泊湖盆干旱加剧演化可能并非只受全球变化单一因素驱动,而是全球气候变化和高原隆升共同作用的结果。  相似文献