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301.
2004—07—28新乡市大暴雨成因分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从环流形势、单站气象要素及中尺度滤波分析等几方面对2004年7月28日新乡市大暴雨过程进行分析,结果表明:这次暴雨、大暴雨天气过程是副热带高压西伸北抬和西风槽东移及北方南下冷空气的共同影响造成的,副高西伸北抬的“突变”过程,是造成大暴雨的直接原因;中低层切变线的生成,为强对流天气的产生提供了动力条件;低空西南急流不仅输送暖湿空气,增强层结的不稳定性,而且可以产生低层扰动,触发不稳定能量的释放,新乡地区东南部位于深厚急流区入口处的左侧,是暴雨、大暴雨产生的关键部位;用T213的初始流场经滤波分析后,能清晰显示出形成大暴雨的中尺度辐合系统,对暴雨、大暴雨预报有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
302.
利用主成分像元分解分析法提取植被信息，计算了城市地面亮温、NDVI、主成分像元分解分析3幅图像的样带分形维数，分析了3幅图像及其样带分形雏数的特征，探讨了地面亮温与植被的关系。实例结果表明，当地表覆盖多为同质时，地面亮温分形雏数较低，主成分像元分解分析法比NDVI能更有效地提取植被信息，更适合用于地面亮温的研究。 相似文献
303.
304.
Yitzchak Gutterman 《Journal of Arid Environments》2003,54(4):619-631
This study examined dispersal units, caryopsis size groups, the inhibitory effect of loess soil on germination and the rate of germination of Schismus arabicus caryopses. Germination of small batches of the seeds from the large, long-lasting soil seed bank of S. arabicus contributes to its success as a very common annual plant in large areas of the Negev, under the unpredictable small amounts and distribution of rain. The lower the percentage of germinating caryopses on local loess soil, and the faster the speed of germination (from 4 h) of caryopses that do germinate, the higher is the chance of plants survival to reproduce. 相似文献
305.
从重力学反问题的基本理论出发,根据处理不适定问题的Tikhonov正则化原理,应用泛函分析概念,从理论上对如何将重力学反问题这一泛定的不适定问题在某些特定约束下转化成具有适定性的定解问题进行讨论．分别推演及刻画出重力场源密度在具有最小位能、最小L2模、最小H1,2模及最小“梯度模”等限定下的性质及表示式．对各种约束及对应的场源特性的数学、物理意义及合理性进行了分析．为重力学反问题研究提供理论判据． 相似文献
306.
Luca Casagrande Chris Flynn Laura Portinari Leo Girardi Raul Jimenez 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,382(4):1516-1540
We use nearby K dwarf stars to measure the helium-to-metal enrichment ratio Δ Y /Δ Z , a diagnostic of the chemical history of the solar neighbourhood. Our sample of K dwarfs has homogeneously determined effective temperatures, bolometric luminosities and metallicities, allowing us to fit each star to the appropriate stellar isochrone and determine its helium content indirectly. We use a newly computed set of Padova isochrones which cover a wide range of helium and metal content.
Our theoretical isochrones have been checked against a congruous set of main-sequence binaries with accurately measured masses, to discuss and validate their range of applicability. We find that the stellar masses deduced from the isochrones are usually in excellent agreement with empirical measurements. Good agreement is also found with empirical mass-luminosity relations.
Despite fitting the masses of the stars very well, we find that anomalously low helium content (lower than primordial helium) is required to fit the luminosities and temperatures of the metal-poor K dwarfs, while more conventional values of the helium content are derived for the stars around solar metallicity.
We have investigated the effect of diffusion in stellar models and the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) in deriving metallicities. Neither of these is able to resolve the low-helium problem alone and only marginally if the cumulated effects are included, unless we assume a mixing-length which is strongly decreasing with metallicity. Further work in stellar models is urgently needed.
The helium-to-metal enrichment ratio is found to be Δ Y /Δ Z = 2.1 ± 0.9 around and above solar metallicity, consistent with previous studies, whereas open problems still remain at the lowest metallicities. Finally, we determine the helium content for a set of planetary host stars. 相似文献
Our theoretical isochrones have been checked against a congruous set of main-sequence binaries with accurately measured masses, to discuss and validate their range of applicability. We find that the stellar masses deduced from the isochrones are usually in excellent agreement with empirical measurements. Good agreement is also found with empirical mass-luminosity relations.
Despite fitting the masses of the stars very well, we find that anomalously low helium content (lower than primordial helium) is required to fit the luminosities and temperatures of the metal-poor K dwarfs, while more conventional values of the helium content are derived for the stars around solar metallicity.
We have investigated the effect of diffusion in stellar models and the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) in deriving metallicities. Neither of these is able to resolve the low-helium problem alone and only marginally if the cumulated effects are included, unless we assume a mixing-length which is strongly decreasing with metallicity. Further work in stellar models is urgently needed.
The helium-to-metal enrichment ratio is found to be Δ Y /Δ Z = 2.1 ± 0.9 around and above solar metallicity, consistent with previous studies, whereas open problems still remain at the lowest metallicities. Finally, we determine the helium content for a set of planetary host stars. 相似文献
307.
东南极中山站-昆仑站断面最高和最低气温变化特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用中山站-昆仑站断面自动气象站2 m气温和同期再分析资料分析了南极沿海到内陆高原的最高和最低气温的变化特征, 并通过个例讨论了气温出现极端过程的天气背景. 结果表明: 南极中山站-昆仑站断面最高和最低气温季节变化趋势基本相似, 年际变化不明显. 最高气温标准偏差大于最低气温, 冬季气温标准偏差明显大于夏季, 且夏季气温变化幅度远小于冬季. 随海拔的增加, 最高气温年较差逐渐增大, 最低气温年变化的无芯率(气温没有明显的最小值程度)呈增大趋势, 夏季气温变化幅度逐渐增大, 冬季气温变化幅度的区域性差异不明显; 2005年7月25-31日的极端降温过程主要受到极涡、地面冷高压及下降风的共同影响. 相似文献
308.
山西地区不同时段地震目录最小完整性震级研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对地震目录的最小完整性震级MC的科学评估, 是进行地震活动性和地震危险性分析的重要基础, 而最小完整性震级MC又是表征台网监测能力的关键参数。 本文据山西地震观测台网建设时间的阶段性差异, 将其分为4个时段, 以1970—2012年山西地区地震目录为基础资料, 利用震级-序号法、 最大曲率法(MAXC)、 90%和95%的拟合度GFT法, 研究了不同时段山西地区地震目录最小完整性震级MC的时序变化特征。 1970年以来随着山西测震台网的改造, MC逐步降低, 尤其是“十五”数字化台网改造后, 山西ML≥0.9地震基本完整, 表明山西地震监测能力逐步提升。 相似文献
309.
The challenge of accurately estimating the deposition age of incompletely-bleached samples in luminescence dating has motivated developments in the analysis of single grain dose distributions, and a number of statistical approaches have been proposed over the last few years. In this study, we compare the behaviour of the arithmetic average, so-called ‘robust statistics’, the Central Age Model (CAM), the Minimum Age Model (MAM) and the Internal–External Consistency Criterion (IEU) and lowest 5% method, when applied to single-grain dose distributions from a sequence of eight recent (40–1000 years) flash-flood deposits. These sediments are expected to be incompletely bleached, but all have age control from historical records. Modifications were made to allow the use of the standard CAM and MAM models with dose distributions containing near zero and negative dose values. An assessment of minimum over-dispersion (OD) is based on dose recovery tests based on gamma-irradiated samples. We then present a detailed analysis of the effect of an additional uncertainty added to the individual dose estimates on the burial dose estimates from the MAM and the IEU approach. The results of the various models are discussed in terms of the accuracy of the resulting age, and we conclude that, overall, the IEU approach generates the most accurate ages. We also demonstrate that accurate doses can be obtained for those older samples for which uncertainties of ∼40 years are unimportant by applying the IEU model to small aliquot (∼30 grains) dose distributions. From our study we conclude that these and similar young slack-water flood deposits can be accurately dated using quartz OSL, opening up the possibility of establishing time series of flood discharge in catchments for which no instrumental or historical record exists. 相似文献
310.