基于聚类经验模态分解（EEMD）的汶川MS8.0强震动记录时频特性分析          下载免费PDF全文

李大虎  赖敏  何强  马新欣  顾勤平 《地震学报》2012,34(3):350-362

在2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震中,四川数字强震台网共获取了133组三分向加速度记录. 本文选取了一些不同断层距的台站所获取的强震动记录进行了处理和分析．在数据处理中,采用基于聚类经验模态分解（EEMD）提取信号时频特性的方法,有效获得了信号能量的时频分布,提取了中心频率、 Hilbert能量、最大振幅对应的时频等特性,并与傅里叶变换、小波变换进行了对比研究．研究结果表明, 对非线性的强震记录采用聚类经验模态分解（EEMD）能抑制经验模态分解（EMD）中存在的模态混叠问题;与傅里叶变换和小波变换相比发现, HHT边际谱在低频处幅值高于傅里叶谱;与小波变换受到所选取的母波强烈影响不同, HHT直接从强震记录中分离出固有模态函数（IMF）,更能反映出原始数据的固有特性, Hilbert谱反映出大部分能量都集中在一定的时间和频率范围内,而小波谱的能量却在频率范围内分布较为广泛．因此,基于EEMD的HHT在客观性和分辨率方面都具有明显的优越性,能提取到更多强震加速度记录的时频特性．   相似文献   

2013年甘肃岷县漳县M_S6.6地震余震序列时域衰减特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

谭毅培  曹井泉  陈继锋  邓莉  李赫 《地球物理学报》2015,58(9):3222-3231

本文基于补充遗漏地震事件后的地震目录和修正的大森公式,对2013年7月22日甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震余震序列时间域衰减特征进行了分析.鉴于主震后短时间内目录遗漏的余震较多,首先利用岷县台连续地震记录波形的高频包络差,检测主震后3h内目录遗漏的地震.经检测在主震后3h内共发现目录遗漏的ML1.0以上地震139个,最大震级为ML3.6.主震后1000s内检测到遗漏地震69个,约为目录给出余震数量的6倍.而后使用补充遗漏地震的目录,基于修正的大森公式分别拟合余震频度和余震地震矩随时间的变化.结果显示拟合p值约为1.07,表明岷县漳县地震余震序列衰减速率与全球平均水平接近,而未补充遗漏地震的频度拟合会造成余震序列衰减速率的低估.利用高频包络差直接计算地震频度曲线,通过三种衰减模式对地震频度曲线拟合参数比较,未观察到岷县漳县地震主震后存在早期余震缺失现象.分析认为,加入遗漏地震可以提高余震频度拟合估计衰减速率结果的准确度和精度,若缺少遗漏地震检测结果,则使用地震矩拟合所得衰减速率结果准确度较优,但需充分考虑其精度上的误差.在分析余震序列衰减特征的实际研究工作中,需根据地震目录完整性选择适当的拟合方法.  相似文献   

利用积分方程的加速迭代算法计算随钻电磁波电阻率测量仪器的响应   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张旭  魏宝君  刘坤  田坤 《地球物理学报》2009,52(9):2394-2401

采用改进型逐次逼近解法(MSAM)和Aitken加速技术相结合的迭代算法计算二维积分方程.该算法将纵向成层原状地层作为背景地层,将计算区域限制在井眼和侵入带内,具有未知量数目少、收敛速度快、计算精度高的优点.利用该算法对随钻电磁波电阻率测量仪器在轴对称二维地层中的响应进行数值模拟.模拟结果显示,幅度衰减曲线和相位移曲线受井眼、侵入和围岩的影响程度不同,二者径向探测深度和垂向分辨率也有差异,利用补偿后的幅度衰减电阻率曲线和相位移电阻率曲线交叉点的坐标可精确确定地层层界面位置.  相似文献   

A regularized Wiener–Hopf filter for inverting models with magnetic susceptibility          下载免费PDF全文

Shib Sankar Ganguli  Goutam Kumar Nayak  Nimisha Vedanti  V.P. Dimri 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(2):456-468

For a magnetic target, the spatial magnetic signal can be expressed as a convolutional integral over Green's function of an assumed model with susceptibility as its parameter. A filter can be used to obtain the susceptibility by minimizing the mismatch between observed and the computed magnetic anomalies. In this perspective, we report the development of an advanced digital filter, which is efficient and can be used to map rock susceptibility from the acquired magnetic data. To design the new filter, we modified the space‐domain standard Wiener–Hopf filter by imposing two different constraints: (i) the filter energy constraint; and (ii) normalization of the filter coefficients. These constraints make it capable to characterize source bodies from their produced magnetic anomalies. We assume that the magnetic data are produced by induced magnetization only and interpretation can be as good as the subsurface model. Our technique is less sensitive to the data noise, which makes it efficient in enhancing the interpretation model. The modified filter demonstrates its applicability over the synthetic data with additive white Gaussian noise. In order to check the efficacy and adaptivity of this tool in a more realistic perspective, it is also tested on the real magnetic data acquired over a kimberlitic district adjoining to the western margin of the Cuddapah Basin in India to identify the source bodies from the anomalies. Our result shows that the modified Wiener–Hopf filter with the constraint for the magnetic data is more stable and efficient than the standard Wiener–Hopf filter.  相似文献   

Modified image algorithm to simulate seismic channel waves in 3D tunnel model with rugged free surfaces   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Hui Li  Peimin Zhu  Guangzhong Ji  Qiang Zhang 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(5):1259-1274

The existence of rugged free‐surface three‐dimensional tunnel conditions in the coal seams, caused either by geological or mining processes, will inevitably influence wave propagation characteristics when the seismic waves go through the coal mines. Thus, a modified image algorithm has been developed to account for seismic channel waves propagating through this complicated topography with irregular free surfaces. Moreover, the seismic channel waves commonly exhibit damped and dispersive signatures, which is not only because of their own unique sandwich geometry of rock–coal–rock but also because of the viscoelastic behavior of coal. Considering the complexity of programming in three‐dimensional tunnel models with rugged free surfaces, an optimized vacuum grid search algorithm, enabling to model highly irregular topography and to compute efficiently, is also proposed when using high‐order staggered finite‐difference scheme to simulate seismic channel wave propagations in viscoelastic media. The numerical simulations are implemented to investigate the accuracy and stability of the method and the impact of coal's viscoelastic behavior on seismic channel wave propagation characteristics. The results indicate that the automatic vacuum grid search algorithm can be easily merged into high‐order staggered finite‐difference scheme, which can efficiently be applied to calculate three‐dimensional tunnel models with rugged free surfaces in the viscoelastic media. The simulation also suggests that the occurrence of a three‐dimensional tunnel with free surfaces has a remarkable influence on the seismic channel wave propagation characteristics and elastic energy distribution.  相似文献   

东亚梅雨季节内振荡的气候特征   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

梁萍  丁一汇 《气象学报》2012,70(3):418-435

影响中国、日本、朝鲜半岛的东亚梅雨是夏季风向北推进过程中的特有雨季。利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料、CMAP降水资料,将夏季风影响及夏季风降水的季节转换相结合,定义东亚梅雨的入、出梅指标;进而采用集合经验模态分解信号提取方法对东亚梅雨区降水季节内振荡及其大尺度环流条件的气候特征进行了详细分析;并对东亚梅雨季节内振荡对降水事件的指示作用进行讨论,为东亚梅雨区降水的延伸预报提供依据和参考。研究结果表明:(1)采用标准化候降水量的空间覆盖率,同时兼顾夏季风影响等条件确定的东亚梅雨入、出梅划分指标可较好地反映东亚梅雨的气候特征及东亚梅雨期的大尺度环流形势。(2)东亚梅雨全年降水量存在三峰型分布特征,峰值分别位于第27、36及47候。该三峰型特征主要受10—20及30—60d的低频振荡影响。比较而言,30—60d振荡对梅雨区降水三峰型的贡献较10—20d振荡大。(3)东亚梅雨区峰值降水与热带环流及北方高位涡冷空气输送的低频演变密切关联。在梅雨区北侧,中高纬度里海附近冷空气(高位涡)低频波列的东传及鄂霍次克海高位涡的西南向输送共同影响东亚梅雨区。在梅雨区南侧,通过热带低频异常强对流的激发作用,热带西太平洋至中国东北—鄂霍次克海地区形成沿经向分布的低层气旋-反气旋-气旋-反气旋波列,进而导致梅雨区低层形成低频偏北风和偏南风的辐合;而印度西海岸和阿拉伯海地区异常对流活动产生的波列向东北方向传播,亦对梅雨区低频峰值降水产生影响。对于低频谷值降水的大气低频演变,情况与上述基本相反。(4)东亚梅雨区降水不同位相下出现极端降水事件的概率有明显差异。梅雨区降水低频峰(谷)值位相下出现异常多(少)降水量的概率约为30%。因此,上述梅雨区降水低频振荡演变相关的大气低频振荡特征对梅雨区降水事件的延伸预报具有参考价值。  相似文献   

夏季青藏高原雷暴天气及其天气学特征的统计分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

尤伟  臧增亮  潘晓滨  李毅  安成  李安泰 《高原气象》2012,31(6):1523-1529

利用常规探空和地面观测资料,分析了2000-2009年夏季(6-8月)青藏高原(下称高原)地区雷暴的时空分布特征以及雷暴天气各要素的垂直廓线特征,在此基础上,修正了K指数,并对修正后的K指数(KM)进行了检验。结果表明,高原雷暴中心主要发生在高原西南侧的日喀则、高原中部腹地那曲、拉萨一带以及高原东部地区,夏季高原中部雷暴中心区随月份向西南转移,其东侧的雷暴中心区随月份向南偏移,雷暴中心位置向南偏移且雷暴的月平均频数减少,高原上由南向北雷暴发生的时段不同,高原中部和北部的那曲、沱沱河雷暴峰值的出现时段比南部的拉萨早3～6h;高原南部的定日和拉萨雷暴日大气低层存在逆湿现象。高原地区雷暴日500～400hPa之间为不稳定层,400hPa以上为稳定层,400hPa处假相当位温为最小值,雷暴日平均风向为西南风;对KM指数检验表明,大多数雷暴日KM>10℃,占总雷暴日的92.7%;当KM<0℃时几乎无雷暴发生,KM指数对雷暴具有一定的指示意义。  相似文献   

The true sample catchment basin approach in the analysis of stream sediment geochemical data     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The Sample Catchment Basin Approach (SCBA) is one of the techniques widely employed in the analysis of stream sediment geochemical data and delineation of anomalous catchments. However, this method fails to take into account the real catchment basin boundaries of each sample by incorporating only the incremental area between two adjacent samples. In other words, the SCBA incorrectly assumes that the geochemistry of every sample catchment within a drainage is independent from upstream sample catchment(s) feeding into this drainage. The chemical composition of sediment at the basin outlet originates from the whole basin upstream and not the incremental area as postulated in the SCBA. Consequently, the calculated background values for various lithologies and the background value for the element of interest at the basin outlet might be far from reality.This study used a True Sample Catchment Basin Approach (TSCBA), that reflects the true catchment boundary of every stream sediment sample, and in which all calculations are carried out on the premise that this boundary and the true area affect the composition of each sample. The results obtained from the application of both the SCBA and TSCBA to a gold endowed study area in western Iran clearly illustrated the superiority of the TSCBA over the SCBA. In addition, this study demonstrated the advantage of using the modified dilution correction equation of Mokhtari and Garousi Nezhad (2015), as compared to the existing Hawkes’s equation commonly used for dilution correction of residual values.  相似文献   

EEMD在雷暴日趋势特征分析中的应用     

陈则煌  张云峰  谢菲  霍光  曹洪亮 《热带地理》2015,35(4):601-606

首先利用整体经验模态分解算法（EEMD）对加入高斯白噪声后的香港地区雷暴日时间序列进行本征模态函数（IMF）分解;其次对各IMF分量进行Hilbert变换,提取雷暴日波动特征参量,并给出雷暴日序列的Hilbert谱和边际谱;最后对各雷暴日IMF分量进行显著性检验。结果表明：香港地区近67 a雷暴日序列可分解为1项趋势项和5个中心频率不同的IMF分量,其中能量主要集中在0.35~0.5 Hz和0~0.05 Hz频段;通过分析IMF能量谱密度-周期分布,得出雷暴日变化周期为2.8 a左右的年际变化和25 a左右的代际变化为主要变化周期,其次是4.5 和7.1 a左右的年际变化为次要变化周期,从趋势项可知香港地区雷暴日呈波动上升趋势。EEMD算法可较好地用于雷暴日趋势特征分析。  相似文献   

Laurentia crustal motion observed using TOPEX/POSEIDON radar altimetry over land   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hyongki Lee  C.K. Shum  Yuchan Yi  Alexander Braun  Chung-Yen Kuo 《Journal of Geodynamics》2008,46(3-5):182

A new method to estimate the vertical crustal motion from satellite altimetry over land was developed. The method was tested around Hudson Bay, where the observed vertical motion is largely caused by the incomplete glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) as a result of the Laurentide ice sheet deglaciation since the last glacial maximum (LGM). Decadal (1992–2003) TOPEX/POSEIDON radar altimetry data over land surfaces were used. The results presented here are improved compared to a previous study (Lee, H., Shum, C.K., Kuo, C.Y., Yi, Y., Braun, A., 2008. Application of TOPEX altimetry for solid Earth deformation studies. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. 19, 37–46. doi:10.3319/TAO.2008.19.1-2.37(SA).) which estimated vertical motion only over relatively flat land surfaces (standard deviation of the height variation <40 cm). In this study, we extended the concept of traditional 1-Hz (one-per-frame) radar altimeter ocean stackfiles to build 10-Hz (10-per-frame) land stackfiles over Hudson Bay land regions, and succeeded in obtaining vertical motion estimates over much rougher surfaces (standard deviation of the height variation <2 m). 90-m C-band Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is used as a reference surface to select an optimal waveform retracker, to correct surface gradient errors, and to calculate land surface anomalies. Here, we developed an alternative retracker, called the modified threshold retracker, resulting in decadal vertical motion time series over a 1500 km by 1000 km region covering northern Ontario, northeastern Manitoba, and the Great Lakes region which is at the margin of the former Laurentide ice sheet. The average of the estimated uncertainties for the vertical motion is 2.9 mm/year which is comparable to 2.1 mm/year of recent GPS solutions. The estimated vertical motion is compared with other geodetic observations from GPS, tide gauge/altimetry, GRACE, and several GIA models. The data agree best with the laterally varying 3D GIA model, RF3S20 (β = 0.4) whereas the combination of land altimetry solution with other measurements match best with the models RF3S20 (β = 0.0) or RF3S20 (β = 0.2) in terms of mean and standard deviation of the differences. It is anticipated that this innovative technique could potentially be used to provide additional constraints for GIA model improvement, and be applied to other geodynamics studies.  相似文献