Maximum magnitudes in aftershock sequences in Taiwan     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

In this work, Båth’s Law, the b-value in Gutenberg–Richter Law (G–R Law) in the form of the 1/β relationship, and both the a- and b-values in the G–R Law were introduced in order to estimate maximum aftershock magnitudes of earthquake sequences in the Taiwan region. The averaged difference of magnitude between the mainshock and the maximum aftershock is 1.20, and is consistent with Båth’s Law, however, with a large uncertainty. The large uncertainty implies that the difference may result from a variable controlled by other factors, such as the aftershocks number of an earthquake sequence and magnitude threshold for mainshock. With 1/β, since 86% of the earthquake sequences with a M ⩾ 6.0 mainshock follow this relationship, the upper bound of the maximum magnitude can be estimated for an earthquake sequence with a large mainshock. The a- and b-values in the G–R Law was also considered by evaluating maximum aftershock magnitudes. As there are low residuals between the model and the observations, the results suggest that the G–R Law is a good index for maximum aftershock magnitude determinations. In order to evaluate the temporal decays of maximum aftershock magnitudes, modified Omori’s Law was introduced. Using the approaches mentioned above, the maximum magnitudes and the temporal evolution of an earthquake sequence could be modeled. Among them, the model of the G–R Law has the best fit with observations for most of earthquake sequences. It shows its feasibility. The results of this work may benefit seismic hazards mitigation in the form of rapid re-evaluations for short-term seismic hazards immediately following devastating earthquakes.  相似文献   

1921～2010年天津气温和降水量序列的多尺度分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

段丽瑶  丁一汇  任雨 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(4):515-522

基于集成经验模态分解(EEMD)方法,对1921~2010年天津年平均气温和降水量序列进行了多尺度分析。并结合功率谱对年平均气温和年降水量及其本征模态函数(IMF)分量进行周期分析。结果表明:天津年平均气温的变化主要是由第1、第2本征模态分量和趋势项构成,即准5 a和2~3 a的振荡与"先降后升"的长期趋势变化起主要作用。而第4、第5本征模态分量则反映出天津近90年来气温年代际尺度的冷暖变化,它们对1920年代至1940年代的暖期以及1950年代至1970年代的冷期有重要贡献。降水量的变化主要由第1、第2本征模态分量构成,即4.5 a、准9 a和2~3 a的振荡起主要作用。与气温序列相比,降水序列中年代际尺度的变化和长期趋势的贡献明显要小得多,但也反映了1980年代以后降水减少的趋势。  相似文献   

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张恒璟  程鹏飞 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(2):79-83

?????????EEMD??GPS???????????????????????????????????????徭??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????й?????CORS??????????????????????????飬??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????  相似文献   

Debris flow hazard assessment using set pair analysis models: Take Beichuan county as an example     

Feng-guang Yang  Yue Liang  Vijay P. Singh  Wen-sheng Wang  Xiao-quan Zhou  Xing-nian Liu  Shu-you Cao  Er Huang  Yan-hua Wu 《山地科学学报》2014,11(4):1015-1022

Assessment of debris flow hazards is important for developing measures to mitigate the loss of life and property and to minimize environmental damage. Two modified uncertainty models, Set Pair Analysis （SPA） and modified Set Pair Analysis （mSPA）, were suggested to assess the regional debris flow hazard. A ease study was conducted in seven towns of the Beichuan county, Sichuan Province, China, to test and compare the application of these two models in debris flow hazard assessment. The results showed that mSPA only can fit for value-variables, but not for non value-variable assessment indexes, Furthermore, as for a given assessment index xi, mSPA only considers two cases, namely, when grade value increases with xi and when grade value decreases with xi. Thus, mSPA can not be used for debris flow hazard assessment but SPA is credible for the assessment because there are no limitations when using SPA model to assess the debris flow hazard. Therefore, in this study SPA is proposed for assessing debris flow hazard.  相似文献   

Adsorption Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies on Removal of Lead(II) onto Glutamic Acid/Sepiolite     

M. Hamdi Karaoğlu  İbrahim Kula  Mehmet Uğurlu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(6):548-556

In this study, a modified method was used to increase the adsorption of lead ions from aqueous solutions by using modified clay mineral on the laboratory scale. Adsorption experiments have been carried out on the use of both thermal activated sepiolite (TAS) and their glutamate/sepiolite modification (GS) as adsorbents. The experimental data was analyzed using adsorption kinetic models (pseudo first‐ and second‐order equations). The pseudo second‐order kinetic model fitted well to the kinetic data (R² ≥ 0.99). Then, the Freundlich and Langmuir models were applied to describe the uptake of Pb(II) on GS and the Langmuir isotherm model agrees well with the equilibrium experimental data (R² ≥ 0.97). The maximum adsorption capacity was observed to be 128.205 mg/g by GS according to the Langmuir equation. Desorption efficiency of the GS was studied by the batch method using EDTA, HCl, and HNO₃ solutions. Desorption of 69.18, 74.55, and 80% of Pb(II) from GS was achieved with 0.1 M EDTA, 0.1 M HCl, and 0.1 M HNO₃ solutions, respectively. FTIR analysis suggests the importance of functional groups such as amino, hydroxyl, and carboxyl during Pb(II) removal. SEM observations demonstrated that an important interaction at the lead‐modified sepiolite interface occurred during the adsorption process. In addition, the thermodynamic constants was calculated that the values of the Gibbs free energy (ΔG*), enthalpy (ΔH*), and entropy (ΔS*) of modification were 86.79 kJ/mol, ?18.91 kJ/mol, and ?354.70 J/mol/K, respectively. The negative value of ΔH* shows exothermic nature of adsorption.  相似文献   

基于修正拟牛顿公式的全波形反演   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

刘璐  刘洪  张衡  崔永福  李飞  段文胜  彭更新 《地球物理学报》2013,56(7):2447-2451

波形反演是一种利用全波场信息,通过最小化预测波场和实际波场的残差来揭示地下岩性和构造信息的方法.本文首先简述了常规拟牛顿算法的原理,之后利用一种新的拟牛顿公式对Davidon-Fletcher-Powell(DFP)和Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno(BFGS)算法进行了修正,改进后的BFGS算法在近似Hessian矩阵逆矩阵时,不仅考虑了梯度和模型信息,还加入了目标函数本身的信息,而且对于每次迭代,基本没有增加计算量.数值试验表明,相对常规拟牛顿方法,修正BFGS算法在保证反演精度的同时,明显提高了反演效率.  相似文献   

Development of a robust runoff-prediction model by fusing the Rational Equation and a modified SCS-CN method     

Xixi Wang  Tingxi Liu  Wanhong Yang 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1118-1140

Abstract

The objective of this study is to develop a Modified Rational Equation (MoRE) that combines the advantages of the Rational Equation (e.g. simplicity and global acceptance) and those of the standard US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number (CN) method (e.g. easy parameterization and extensive verification across the world). Herein, the hypothesis is that the MoRE is more accurate, consistent and robust than the SCS-CN method and its improved versions in predicting runoff in watersheds with limited data. The MoRE was designed to have a simple structure that is described by four intrinsic parameters: CN, permanent wilting point, field capacity and saturation soil moisture, and does not include initial abstraction as a variable. An evaluation of 77 USDA small agricultural watersheds indicated that CN of the MoRE has different physical meanings from CN of the SCS-CN method. The MoRE (mean Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, E > 0.73) performed better than the SCS-CN (mean E < 0.32) and the four improved models (mean E < 0.56) in reproducing the runoff of the study watersheds. Performance of all six models varied greatly between watersheds, as well as between events, but was independent of watershed drainage area. However, the model performances tend to be better for watersheds and/or events with a runoff-to-rainfall ratio of between 0.1 and 0.3 than for those with a ratio outside this range. The MoRE has the most consistent and robust performance.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor I. Nalbantis

Citation Wang, X., Liu, T., and Yang, W., 2012. Development of a robust runoff-prediction model by fusing the rational equation and a modified SCS-CN method. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (6), 1118–1140.  相似文献   

New periodic wave solutions of a time fractional integrable shallow water equation     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

In this paper, author employed Jacobi elliptic function expansion method to build the new wave solutions of time fractional modified Camassa–Holm equation which is completely integrable dispersive shallow-water equation. In ocean engineering, Camassa–Holm equation is generally used as a tool in computer simulation of the water waves in shallow sees, coastal and harbors. The obtained solutions show that the Jacobi elliptic function expansion method (JEFEM) which based on Jacobi elliptic functions is an efficient, reliable, applicable and accurate tool for analytic approximation of a wide variety of nonlinear conformable time fractional partial differential equations.  相似文献   

基于变形P-L模型的矩阵方程迭代精细横波预测   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

罗水亮  杨培杰  胡光明  刘书会 《地球物理学报》2016,59(5):1839-1848

横波速度预测问题的关键有两个,一是如何建立合理的岩石物理模型,二是针对建立的横波预测目标函数,如何准确高效地求解.针对第一个问题,对Pride模型和Lee模型(P-L模型)进行变形,提出拟固结指数的概念,将干岩石模量和岩石基质模量相联系,变形后的P-L模型在没有降低P-L模型准确度的情况下简化了问题的复杂度,建立起了饱和流体岩石弹性模量与干岩石模量、岩石基质模量、混合流体模量之间的关系,进而计算理论上的纵波速度,并通过比较实测纵波速度与计算的理论纵波速度大小,最终建立了横波预测的目标函数.针对第二个问题,借鉴了地震反演的思路,将该目标函数的最优化问题转化为线性矩阵方程组迭代求解问题,通过几步迭代就可以求解出合适的拟固结指数,进而得到预测横波速度.实际验证和应用表明,该横波预测方法具有很好的稳定性和准确性,并且岩石物理模型的构建和目标函数的求解思路可用于其他储集类型地层的横波预测.  相似文献   

Anti-plane response induced by an irregular alluvial valley using a hybrid method with modified transfinite interpolation     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2016

  相似文献