An assessment of acid rock drainage continuous monitoring technology     

K. Fytas  J. Hadjigeorgiou 《Environmental Geology》1995,25(1):36-42

In order to assess the magnitude and impact at affected mine sites of acid rock drainage (ARD), fixed-frequency sampling is often employed. This often involves manual sampling, at regular time intervals, of water and solids. It is felt that such sampling does not adequately describe the system evolution. Continuous monitoring offers a viable alternative in that it can better follow the seasonal fluctuations and high-frequency variations that characterize ARD. This paper evaluates existing continuous monitoring technology.  相似文献   

老铁山水道漏油事故卫星监测     

李栖筠  陈维英  肖乾广  丁克旭 《遥感学报》1994,(4)

本文通过对ＬａｎｄｓａｔＴＭ图像和ＮＯＡＡＡＶＨＲＲ图像进行特殊的处理，将石油污染区与周围海水区别开来，利用Ｌａｎｄｓａｔ卫星精度和ＮＯＡＡ卫星时相的优势，可以确定污染面积、扩散方向和扩散速度。  相似文献   

MT重复测量在地震中短期预报中的应用──祁连山中段MT剖面监测研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张云琳  刘晓玲  安海静  司玉兰  蒋梅  张五四 《地球物理学报》1994,(2)

本文研究了青藏高原北缘第一个长约４００ｋｍ的ＭＴ监测剖面上所获得的５次５－７级地震前后的资料。着重分析了在相当于大陆多震层深度范围内壳内介质的多种ＭＴ参数（视电阻率、相位、主轴方位角、扭曲度等）．这些ＭＴ参数在大范围内的同步－同相变化和局部区域之间的超前、滞后变化、相对变化幅度随震中距增大而衰减的特征，可能分别对应着构造孕育型大震的地区性场兆和构造运动型强震的区域性场兆，形成了地震活动大背景叠加小背景的一种链式关系。运用＂ＭＴ监测优显参数＂进行择优监测，将可能为大陆地震的震源物理发展过程和中短期预报提供丰富可靠的判据。  相似文献   

关于三峡永久船闸高边坡快速施工地质超前预报的几个问题   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

徐卫亚  王思敬 《工程地质学报》1994,2(3):27-33

文中就三峡永久船闸高边坡快速施工地质超前预报的几个问题进行了讨论。分别研究了三峡永久船闸高边坡施工地质超前预报的必要性，提出了超前预报技术思路，最后就高边坡岩体反分析及反馈设计问题、施工地质超前预报问题以及与监测相适应的超前处理及防护进行了分析。  相似文献   

A temporary sampling technique for investigating groundwater quality near the ground surface     

W.?MacheleidtEmail author  J.?Herlitzius  W.?Nestler  T.?Grischek 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(2):257-262

Improved knowledge of processes determining groundwater quality is an important precondition for the solution of various ecological and water management problems. In areas with highly fluctuating groundwater levels, time-limited access, local pollution sources or temporary interactions between surface water and groundwater, a temporary groundwater sampling technique could be of advantage. Furthermore, depth-specific sampling is of high value for investigating groundwater pollution related to seepage or surface water infiltration. A stainless steel core probe has been developed to obtain groundwater samples and to measure the hydraulic head distribution at various defined depths. The sampling technique is applicable only for non-volatile water constituents. An advantage of the core probe is that it can be driven into soil or sediments using ordinary low cost percussion equipment. The probe enables hydraulic head measurements and water sampling over vertical intervals of 0.3 m. Results from field experiments using the stainless steel core probe were in good correspondence with results from groundwater sampling at nearby observation wells. In the upper layer of the aquifer, the intrinsic spatial change in concentrations of sulphate, chloride and other water constituents is a function of distance between observation points and groundwater surface. Results indicate strong effects of a fluctuating groundwater level on groundwater quality at certain depths.  相似文献   

Ground-based SAR interferometry for monitoring mass movements   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

G.?Antonello  N.?CasagliEmail author  P.?Farina  D.?Leva  G.?Nico  A.?J.?Sieber  D.?Tarchi 《Landslides》2004,1(1):21-28

An innovative technique for the remote assessment of ground displacements, based on radar interferometry and implemented using ground-based instrumentation (GB-InSAR), has been tested in recent years on a number of selected case sites. The system, known as LISA, developed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, is a ground-based radar interferometer specifically designed for field use. It is composed of two radar antennas mounted on a linear rail which horizontally slides to form a synthetic aperture. Coherent SAR processing converts the raw data into an image containing, for each pixel, information on the wave phase, which depends on the target-sensor distance. Consecutive couples of SAR images can be cross-correlated to form interferograms representing phase variations which can be directly related to ground displacement along the sight-line of the radar system, since they are acquired from exactly the same position. Several applications of the system have been conducted on a number of mass movements located in Italy, in order to validate the technique for the monitoring of landslides. GB-InSAR has proved its potential for the measurement of the superficial ground displacements of different landslide types, in terms of failure mechanism, materials involved, kinematics, water content and deformation rates. In particular conditions, such as fast-moving phenomena and inaccessible areas, the technique can be employed directly as a monitoring tool, providing multi-temporal displacement maps of the observed area. Additionally, some applications of the GB-InSAR have provided a fundamental support to decision makers during landslide emergencies, allowing the civil protection authorities to assess the risk and to manage an effective emergency response.  相似文献   

江淮流域旱涝灾害气象卫星遥感监测和预报方法研究   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

丁太胜  胡雯  马晓群  盛绍学  刘惠敏  荀尚培 《高原气象》2003,22(2):147-154

根据气象卫星遥感、数值预报和农业气象观测资料,研制开发了江淮流域干旱洪涝灾害的遥感监测方法,详细分析降水对旱涝演变趋势的影响并建立了模型;通过对数值预报产品动力释用技术方法研究,研制了中短期面雨量预报系统,将上述研究成果集成,最终形成江淮流域旱涝遥感监测预报系统。  相似文献   

地下水污染监测网的设计研究进展   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

吴剑锋  郑春苗 《地球科学进展》2004,19(3):429-436

地下水污染监测网的设计包括取样点在空间上的采样位置和时间上的取样频率这两方面的确定，其目的是为了准确刻画污染羽在含 水层中随时间的变化状况。概要地回顾了近20年来地下水污染监测网设计的研究成果。分别介绍了统计方法、模拟方法和模拟-优化模型 等监测网设计方法的研究进展。监测网设计方法的选择取决于最终的监测目的以及可供利用的基础资料。指出参数的不确定性是影响污染监 测设计结果的最重要因素。如何将地下水污染监测网设计的理论研究真正与实际应用相结合是今后的主要研究方向。  相似文献   

数字地震台网短信通系统的设计与应用     

徐胜  时建伟  梁雪萍  丁建国  周建锋 《高原地震》2005,17(1):45-53

从现代移动通信短信息业务SMS出发，思考数字地震观测技术的应用新领域。介绍了DsnSMMS系统的设计方案、系统结构和主要功能。分析了OCX短信控件、系统软件、地震信息处理程序、台网实时监控程序的开发，各模块实现的功能。通过系统软件开发和短信收发设备的集成，实现了地震信息的快速群发、触发报警及台网运行状态的监控，并可以采用移动设备远程控制台网软硬件。从无锡市数字地震台网的实际应用表明，该系统智能化的交互操作与远程监控取得了良好的效果。  相似文献   

Landslides in Sado Island of Japan: Part I. Case studies, monitoring techniques and environmental considerations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lulseged Ayalew  Hiromitsu Yamagishi  Hideaki Marui  Takami Kanno 《Engineering Geology》2005,81(4):419-431

A sufficient knowledge on the kinematics and development of landslides helps to adopt proper measures that can be used to protect slopes and the environment in general. This can be achieved by adequate monitoring programs. This paper presents the findings of intensive monitoring activities carried out on Shiidomari and Katanoo landslides found in Sado Island of Japan. More than one year of observation of the two landslides allowed defining some peculiar futures of their kinematics and style of development. The problem of slope instability in the two areas is generally accredited to various factors. But, both landslides were triggered by heavy rainfalls and snowmelt. Because of the outline of the area and the presence of relict topographic features, the Shiidomari landslide is considered to be a large-scale reactivation of old slope failures. The Katanoo landslide is, however, a first-time case. Geophysical investigations and drilling activities in Shiidomari indicated the presence of two slip planes. The deepest (80–100 m) of these is controlled by existing lineaments. Monitoring data suggests that the body of the landslide has subsided as much as 1.16 m just below the main scarp, but a centimeter in the central region. The toe sector also experienced a significant amount of subsidence, but this was counter-balanced by an uplift on the opposite side of the landslide. Hence, the landslide seems not any more active along the deepest slip surface, although it may extend upward and define a series of shallow shear planes around the crown. In the case of Katanoo, the landform characteristics, differential weathering, the road cut and groundwater fluctuations appeared to contribute much to determine the exact location of the landslide. Extensional cracks that preceded the landslide can be related to heavy rainfalls and the cold and warm cycles thereafter. Subsurface investigations and monitoring works indicated that the landslide has two slide blocks with different slip planes. During the observation period, the upper part of the landslide responded more effectively to rainfall and snowmelt than the middle and lower sections. The corresponding movements, however, appeared to settle about three months after failure. There were also little strain transmissions in boreholes and no significant change in the characteristics of the landslide. The kinematics of deformation of many of the slopes in Sado Island resembles that of Shiidomari landslide. But mass movements along highways and mountain roads are usually similar to Katanoo. Landslides of the type like Shiidomari may not show sudden and drastic failures, but are usually long lasting and can reactivate repeatedly along new, shallow shear planes. Monitoring works and long-term supervisions in these types of landslides are useful to identify impending failures and take the right measures before they brought about large-scale destruction to the environment.  相似文献