Field investigations and monitoring as tools for modelling the Rossena castle landslide (Northern Appennines, Italy)     

Alessandro Chelli  Giuseppe Mandrone  Giovanni Truffelli 《Landslides》2006,3(3):252-259

In the evening of February 28, 2004, a landslide took place in the village of Rossena (Northern Apennines, Italy), built at the base of a crag shaped in a basalt mass and wrapped in highly deformed formation of clay and shale with blocks. The failure damaged some houses, roads and fields but, fortunately, the medieval Rossena Castle, lying on the crag, was not involved at all. The goal of the study was to attain a technical and geological model of the slope to generate a landslide risk zonation, for regularity and development planning, so that the most correct action plans could be proposed. A detailed geological and geomorphological survey allowed for distinguishing the different gravitative landform of this area. It was very helpful to plan direct and indirect investigation, including borehole drillings, samplings, seismic (tomography), and electrical surveys. A monitoring system was built up immediately after the event (three wire extensometers and one inclinometer), then progressively substituted by a more complete one (two tiltmeters, two jointmeters, four inclinometers, two incremental extensometers, and two piezometers). The phenomenon can be divided in different parts. The central sector of the slope is interested by compound slides likely affecting the bedrock and can be considered, at present, the ‘engine’ of the whole instability framework. Indeed, as a consequence, in the upper portion of the slope the huge blocks in which the outer part of the crag is disjointed experienced vertical displacements and, locally, topplings. Finally, the lowest sector is affected by slow movements, probably connected to bedrock creep or rock flow, while the toe, really at the foot of the slope, by shallow landslides. This instability framework is the result of a complex evolution, starting almost more than 9,000 years ago, as testified from a radiocarbon dating. In more recent time (19th century), the Rossena landslide was also triggered by an earthquake that induced the partially breaking up of the crag, causing rock falls and cracks in the ground.  相似文献   

Designing an optimal multivariate geostatistical groundwater quality monitoring network using factorial kriging and genetic algorithms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ming-Sheng Yeh  Yu-Pin Lin  Liang-Cheng Chang 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(1):101-121

The optimal selection of monitoring wells is a major task in designing an information-effective groundwater quality monitoring network which can provide sufficient and not redundant information of monitoring variables for delineating spatial distribution or variations of monitoring variables. This study develops a design approach for an optimal multivariate geostatistical groundwater quality network by proposing a network system to identify groundwater quality spatial variations by using factorial kriging with genetic algorithm. The proposed approach is applied in designing a groundwater quality monitoring network for nine variables (EC, TDS, Cl⁻, Na, Ca, Mg, SO ₄ ²⁻ , Mn and Fe) in the Pingtung Plain in Taiwan. The spatial structure results show that the variograms and cross-variograms of the nine variables can be modeled in two spatial structures: a Gaussian model with ranges 28.5 km and a spherical model with 40 km for short and long spatial scale variations, respectively. Moreover, the nine variables can be grouped into two major components for both short and long scales. The proposed optimal monitoring design model successfully obtains different optimal network systems for delineating spatial variations of the nine groundwater quality variables by using 20, 25 and 30 monitoring wells in both short scale (28.5 km) and long scale (40 km). Finally, the study confirms that the proposed model can design an optimal groundwater monitoring network that not only considers multiple groundwater quality variables but also monitors variations of monitoring variables at various spatial scales in the study area.  相似文献   

Groundwater quality monitoring in Italy for the implementation of the EU water framework directive   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Onorati  T. Di Meo  C. Fabiani  A. Fava  F. Mion  A. Martinelli 《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2006,31(17):1004-1014

In 1999 the Italian Parliament approved a law encompassing all the themes of the water cycle, including monitoring of groundwater. The new regulation takes into account the EU Directives, and charges the Regions to create monitoring networks, according to Art. 8 of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The approach of the Italian regulation is, on the whole, coherent with the technical guidelines listed in annexes II and V of the WFD. On basis of the new law, the national environment agency (APAT) gathers data and produces assessment reports on the contamination of groundwater in Italy.  相似文献   

2001年以来华亭小震活动增强现象的研究          下载免费PDF全文

杨国栋  吴永信  徐辉 《地震工程学报》2006,28(2):163-166

通过对甘肃省平凉市华亭地区2001年以来出现的异常地震活动现象和该区矿产开采情况的相关分析和我国历史矿震资料的研究,得到了该地区出现的异常地震活动现象是由矿山开采引起的结论。对该地区的震情和震害做了预测并提出了防震减灾的建议。  相似文献   

龙滩水电工程左岸B区边坡压脚工程效果分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

刘艳辉  刘大安  李守定  程东幸 《工程地质学报》2006,14(2):239-244

龙滩水电工程左岸蠕变体B区边坡的变形和稳定是工程安全的关键。根据边坡地质与稳定性分析,边坡的整体稳定性主要取决于坡脚岩体的稳定性,因此,B区边坡治理采取了压脚的工程措施。本文采用数值模拟方法(三维离散单元法)分析了压脚前后B区边坡的整体稳定性,结果表明B区边坡压脚工程可有效控制边坡岩体的变形。同时,数值分析结果也与边坡地表和深部位移动态监测结果一致,证明了压脚工程的显著效果。  相似文献   

基于BOTDR的白泥井3号隧道拱圈变形监测   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

丁勇  施斌  孙宇  赵永贵 《工程地质学报》2006,14(5):649-653

白泥井3号隧道是一条山岭隧道,隧道出口段位于滑坡等地质灾害多发的危险区域,为了确保隧道安全,应用国际上先进的BOTDR分布式应变测量技术,对隧道拱圈截面变形进行了分布式应变监测。本文着重介绍了BOTDR在隧道内安装布设以及监测数据的分析过程,监测成果显示,在将近1 a的监测时间里,隧道拱圈基本保持稳定,只是在个别区域,如K84+508.2处拱圈截面的衬砌表面发生张拉变形,变形量在雨季期间达到最大,据分析是由于雨水入渗山体造成围岩压力增大,致使拱圈截面受挤压变形。  相似文献   

Monitoring urban growth on the European side of the Istanbul metropolitan area: A case study     

S. Kaya  P.J. Curran 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006

Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey with an area of around 5750 km² and a population of around 10.8 M (2000). In 1980, the population was only around 4.7 M and so has more than doubled in only 2 decades. In 2000, around 65% of the population were living on the European side of the city with its large industrial/commercial and trade centres. The population is increasing as a result of both births exceeding deaths and mass immigration. Consequently, planned and unplanned housing are increasing while green areas are decreasing in area. Monitoring urban growth will enable the Municipality of Istanbul to better manage this complex urban area.  相似文献   

Bioaccumulation of radiocaesium in Arctic seals     

Carroll J  Wolkers H  Andersen M  Rissanen K 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(12):1366-1371

Seals are high trophic level feeders that bioaccumulate many contaminants to a greater degree than most lower trophic level organisms. Their trophic status in the marine food web and wide-spread distribution make seals useful sentinels of arctic environmental change. The purpose of this investigation is to document the levels and bioaccumulation potential of radiocaesium in high latitude seal species for which data have not previously been available. The study was carried out on harp, ringed, and bearded seals caught north of the island archipelago of Svalbard (82°N) in 1999. The results are then compared with previous studies in order to elucidate factors responsible for bioaccumulation in Arctic seals. Concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs were determined in muscle, liver and kidney samples from a total of 10 juvenile and one adult seal. The mean concentration in muscle samples for all animals was 0.23±0.045 Bq/kg f.w. ¹³⁷Cs concentrations in both liver and kidney samples were near detection limits (≈0.2 Bq/kg f.w.). The results are consistent with previous studies indicating low levels of radiocaesium in Arctic seals in response to a long term trend of decreasing levels of ¹³⁷Cs in the Barents Sea region. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) estimated for seals from NE Svalbard are low, ranging from 34 to 130. Comparing these values with reported BCFs for Greenland seals from other sectors of the European Arctic, we suggest that the combination of physiological and ecological factors on radiocaesium bioaccumulation is comparable among different Arctic seal populations. The application of this work to Arctic monitoring and assessment programs is discussed.  相似文献   

填土地基强夯试验监测研究     

叶建辉  黄蓬源 《福建地震》1998,(4)

本文简要介绍福建漳州某地填土地基强夯试验监测项目,利用钻探、原位测试及孔隙水压力、水平位移、螺旋沉降、磁性分层沉降、水位及沉降标观测等试验监测手段,对强夯加固填土地基试验进行监测研究,并对强夯效果作出评价。  相似文献   

重力方法在地震预报中的作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴雪芳 《地震》1996,16(1):90-95

利用重力方法研究地球的潮汐和非潮汐变化。通过它们的变化规律了解地下介质的质量变化和密度分布以及地球弹性模量与地震的关系。２０多年地震预报实践表明，重力方法在地震预报中有其特殊作用。根据目前在台站或测点按波速异常所圈定的孕震区内发生的地震统计检验：台站监测能力为４４％，重力重复测量的监测能力可达５６％。  相似文献