涠11-4平台综合强度监测技术及实施运行系统(涠11-4平台结构原位监测研究之一)     

申仲翰  李禾  薛以年  王丹峰 《海洋工程》1997,(2)

本文介绍了一种固定式导管架平台综合强度监测系统，它用于对涠１１－４平台关键部位的应力、加速度及与结构响应相关的环境参数进行长期监测。讨论的重点内容是结构响应的测量方案、设备及实施方法，并对运行结果作了说明  相似文献   

Assessing the impact of pollution on aquatic systems at a global and regional level     

Mee LD  Bloxham M 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):223-228

In developing a methodology for the ongoing Global International Waters Assessment, major gaps have become apparent in our ability to make comparative assessments of pollution. A pragmatic impacts scoping methodology has been developed and tested. A more effective assessment protocol however, requires a better knowledge of the relationship between pollution sources and biological effects with less reliance on chemical monitoring.  相似文献   

Using continuous plankton recorder data     

A.J. Richardson  A.W. Walne  T.D. Jonas  D.W. Sims  M. Witt 《Progress in Oceanography》2006,68(1):27-74

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湿地恢复研究综述   总被引：113，自引：0，他引：113  

崔保山  刘兴土 《地球科学进展》1999,14(4):358-364

湿地恢复研究是当今恢复生态学研究的主要内容这一，从湿地恢复的基本概念入手，阐述了恢复与湿地恢复的基本内涵，简述了国内外湿地恢复研究的进展。以生态学原理为基础，分析了湿地恢复了３个基本原则，即可行性原则、稀缺性和优先性原则、美学原则。也阐述了湿地恢复的主要目标。从沼汉、河流及河缘湿地、湖泊出发，简述了湿地恢复的基本策略。文中还从生态、社会、经济相整合的角度剖析了湿地恢复的复合性问题。文章最后对湿地恢  相似文献   

对山西地震前兆台网运行工作的思考     

张正霞 《山西地震》2007,(4):45-46

文章对省地震局地震前兆台站的建设现状、发展状况及前兆台网室现行的管理、运行模式做了一一介绍。针对此,提出了几点改进建议,对前兆台网的正常运行,提高观测质量、观测数据的利用率有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

基于GPS技术的活动断裂监测——以鲜水河、龙门山断裂为例   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

唐文清  刘宇平  陈智梁  张清志  赵济湘 《山地学报》2007,25(1):103-107

GPS作为重要的技术手段,在地壳运动研究中得到广泛应用。以青藏高原东缘的鲜水河、龙门山两条重要活动断裂为例,根据GPS监测获得的欧亚框架的运动速度场,用刚性地块假设下的最小二乘法拟合方法,对其现今断裂活动性进行了研究。研究表明鲜水河断裂、龙门山断裂的整体运动速率分别为8.67±2.65mm/a、1.67±2.07mm/a;鲜水河断裂的甘孜-乾宁段、乾宁-康定段运动速率为8.88±2.74mm/a、9.73±2.30mm/a;龙门山断裂北段、中段、南段运动速率则分别为1.91±2.47mm/a、1.70±0.96mm/a、1.57±1.21mm/a。由此表明鲜水河断裂现今活动性大,而龙门山断裂的活动性相对不大。同时,断裂性质研究表明鲜水河断裂为左旋走滑挤压断裂;龙门山断裂性质为右旋挤压走滑断裂。  相似文献   

Toppling and stabilization of the intake slope for the Fengtan Hydropower Station enlargement project, Mid-South China     

Xinbin Tu  Fuchu Dai  Xianjing Lu  Huiya Zhong 《Engineering Geology》2007,91(2-4):152-167

The intake slope for the Fengtan Hydropower Station enlargement project is composed of thickly bedded sedimentary rock. During excavation of the intake slope and tunnels, toppling was observed in the rock masses of the intake slope. Research was conducted to study the engineering geological conditions and the deformation characteristics of the slope during excavation. The in situ monitoring data and possible causes for toppling were analyzed. A method for analyzing monitoring data was proposed, which can be used to calculate the depth and rotation angle of block toppling. The monitoring results showed that toppling occurred only at a shallow depth, and induced local instability of the slope. Deformation had been controlled and the slope tended to be stable after reinforcement. Through this case study, it can be seen that the stability of the slope and underground openings during and after excavation is variable, especially when the loading conditions and topography are changed. A proper construction sequence is essential, i.e., excavation from the inside toward the free slope surface; excavating the slope above the tunnel after the tunnel lining is in place. This is particularly important for the excavation of multiple tunnels at the slope toe.  相似文献   

A comparative study of Monte Carlo simple genetic algorithm and noisy genetic algorithm for cost-effective sampling network design under uncertainty     

Jianfeng Wu  Chunmiao Zheng  Calvin C. Chien  Li Zheng 《Advances in water resources》2006

This study evaluates and compares two methodologies, Monte Carlo simple genetic algorithm (MCSGA) and noisy genetic algorithm (NGA), for cost-effective sampling network design in the presence of uncertainties in the hydraulic conductivity (K) field. Both methodologies couple a genetic algorithm (GA) with a numerical flow and transport simulator and a global plume estimator to identify the optimal sampling network for contaminant plume monitoring. The MCSGA approach yields one optimal design each for a large number of realizations generated to represent the uncertain K-field. A composite design is developed on the basis of those potential monitoring wells that are most frequently selected by the individual designs for different K-field realizations. The NGA approach relies on a much smaller sample of K-field realizations and incorporates the average of objective functions associated with all K-field realizations directly into the GA operators, leading to a single optimal design. The efficacy of the MCSGA-based composite design and the NGA-based optimal design is assessed by applying them to 1000 realizations of the K-field and evaluating the relative errors of global mass and higher moments between the plume interpolated from a sampling network and that output by the transport model without any interpolation. For the synthetic application examined in this study, the optimal sampling network obtained using NGA achieves a potential cost savings of 45% while keeping the global mass and higher moment estimation errors comparable to those errors obtained using MCSGA. The results of this study indicate that NGA can be used as a useful surrogate of MCSGA for cost-effective sampling network design under uncertainty. Compared with MCSGA, NGA reduces the optimization runtime by a factor of 6.5.  相似文献   

Designing a monitoring network for detecting groundwater pollution with stochastic simulation and a cost model     

M. F. P. Bierkens 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2006,20(5):335-351

A method is presented to design monitoring networks for detecting groundwater pollution at industrial sites. The goal is to detect the pollution at some distance from the site’s boundary so that it can be cleaned up or hydrologically contained before contaminating groundwater outside the site. It is assumed that pollution may occur anywhere on the site, that transport is by advection only and that no retardation and chemical reactions take place. However, the approach can be easily extended to include designated (and uncertain) source areas, dispersion and reactive transport. The method starts from the premise that it is impossible to detect 100% of all the contaminant plumes with reasonable costs and therefore seeks a balance between the risk of pollution and network density. The design approach takes account of uncertainty in the flow field by simulating realisations of conductivity, groundwater head and associated flow fields, using geostatistical simulation and a groundwater flow model. The realisations are conditioned to conductivity and head observations that may already be present on the site. The result is an ensemble of flow fields that is further analysed using a particle track program. From this the probability of missing a contaminant plume originating anywhere on the terrain can be estimated for a given network. From this probability follows the risk, i.e. the expected costs of an undetected pollution. The total costs of the monitoring strategy are calculated by adding the risk of pollution to the costs of installing and maintaining the monitoring wells and the routinely performed chemical analyses. By repeating this procedure for networks of varying well numbers, the best network is chosen as the one that minimises total cost. The method is illustrated with a simulated example showing the added worth of exploratory wells for characterising hydraulic conductivity of a site.  相似文献   

展望地震监测台网的发展与应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

金星  李山有  李祖宁  康兰池  李军 《中国地震》2006,22(3):242-248

随着国民经济的快速发展，我国地震监测台网的发展也日新月异，设备性能、技术系统、台网密度正逐步接近发达国家的水平，同时积累了大量的观测数据。如何利用这些监测资源，更好地为经济建设和社会公共安全服务，是值得研究的重要问题。本文认为提取有用的地震前兆信息、提升地震速报能力、扩展烈度速报功能是地震监测台网为地震预报和地震应急服务的重点；整合台网资源，构筑统一标准、多用途的地震监测网络是建设公共安全服务技术平台的前提；工程、海洋、气象、环保等是地震监测资源的主要服务领域。因此，开发监测资源，加强自主创新，构筑技术平台，拓展服务领域是未来地震监测台网为社会和公共安全服务的重要发展方向。  相似文献