Reconstruction of fluvio-lacustrine landscapes and settlement history in the Texcoco region,Mexico, using a modern geomorphic analog     

Kurt H. Wogau  Carlos E. Cordova  Luis Morett-Alatorre  Guillermo Acosta Ochoa 《Geoarchaeology》2024,39(2):168-182

Located in the Basin of Mexico, the eastern shore of former Lake Texcoco sustained a variety of human occupations throughout the Holocene, including preceramic hunter-gatherers, incipient agriculturalists, and a variety of settlements in the ceramic periods. Nonetheless, the environmental dynamics of occupations on the lakeshore have not been fully addressed. The Archaic preagricultural Texcoco Man site (>5000 B.C.E.) and the Late Formative TX-LF-14 site (c. 550-200 B.C.E.), among others, occupy this fluvio-lacustrine transitional environment. Few stratigraphic works in and around the sites have been performed. Consequently, it is difficult to understand the dynamics of the sedimentary system in space and time. This work highlights and describes the fluvio-lacustrine sedimentary dynamics and the resulting landscape that past societies inhabited on the eastern shore of Texcoco Lake. Because the study area has been altered by historic and modern draining, our work employs Lake Santiaguillo and its main tributary, the Tejamen River in the Durango state, as a modern analog to study their sedimentary dynamics. The analyses of surface geomorphology in the Texcoco study area were employed to corroborate the modern analog interpretation. To achieve these goals, we conducted a GIS-based morphometric analysis and LANDSAT-8 imagery to study the variations in landforms through wet and dry events. The results indicate an increase in the lake volume, low bifurcation in the active fluvial channels, few inundated surfaces, and the presence of bird-foot deltaic channels during high precipitation events. In contrast, low precipitation events are characterized by reduced lake volume, increased fluvial channel bifurcation, and expanded floodplains. This heterogeneous landscape thus provided a rich source of diverse natural resources of saline and freshwater aquatic habitats. Simultaneously, constant or recurring flooding events generated a challenging landscape for prehistoric settlers who implemented diverse technologies, such as the construction of tlateles, on the levees of deltaic channels to reduce the risk and impact of flooding events.  相似文献   

Macrozoobenthic community structure in a large shallow lake: Disentangling the effect of eutrophication and wind-wave disturbance     

《Limnologica》2016

Biological communities in shallow lakes are often subject to the combined effects of eutrophication and wind-wave disturbance. However, their relative importance in regulating macrozoobenthic community assembly has not been well addressed. In the present study, a monthly sampling of macrozoobenthos and environmental parameters was conducted at ten sites from December 2012 to November 2013 in Lake Hongze, the fourth largest freshwater lake in China, which has undergone serious water quality deterioration over the past few decades. A total of 30 taxa were recorded during the 12 sampling occasions, including 6 chironomids, 6 bivalves, 4 gastropods, 4 oligochaetes, 4 polychaetes, 4 crustaceans and 2 other aquatic insects. The mean abundance and biomass of total macrozoobenthos varied greatly among the ten sites and presented distinctive taxonomic composition between the protected bays and the offshore zone. Three eutrophication parameters (including permanganate index (COD_Mn), chlorophyll a, and total phosphorus in surficial sediments) and three wind-wave variables (including Secchi depth, turbidity, and mean effective fetch) were highly related to spatial variation of macrozoobenthic assemblages. When eutrophication variables were controlled, there was a significant correlation between community similarity and wind-wave disturbance condition, and vice versa. Variation partitioning showed that wind wave disturbance explained 15.9% of the variation in benthic community composition, slightly lower than that explained by eutrophication (17.9%). These results indicate that wind-wave disturbance is as important as eutrophication in regulating benthic community structure in this large shallow lake. Wind-wave disturbance imposed opposite effects on benthic community relative to eutrophication, and were more prominent in the offshore zone weakening the role of eutrophication.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton,macrophytes and benthic diatoms in lake classification: Consistent,congruent, redundant? Lessons learnt from WFD-compliant monitoring in Poland     

《Limnologica》2016

The lake monitoring programme compliant with the Water Framework Directive has been implemented in Poland since 2007. Currently, the methods for three biological quality elements (BQEs): phytoplankton (the Phytoplankton Multimetric for Polish Lakes, PMPL), macrophytes (the Ecological State Macrophyte Index, ESMI) and phytobenthos (the Diatom Index for Lakes, IOJ) are officially applied and internationally intercalibrated. Based on the monitoring data from 256 lakes surveyed in 2010–2013 and assessed for all the three BQEs, we tested whether the assessment results obtained by the three biological methods were consistent and we searched for the causes of inconsistencies which we found. The lake classifications obtained from the PMPL and ESMI were highly consistent and the relationship between these metrics was relatively strong (R = 0.66, p < 0.001). Both metrics correlated equally strongly with water quality indicators. However, the PMPL and ESMI indicated systematic dissimilarities in the sensitivity to eutrophication between shallow and deep lakes. In shallow lakes, the alarming symptoms of macrophyte community deterioration (lower values of ESMI) occurred at lower nutrient and Chla concentrations and were accompanied by a better status of phytoplankton (higher values of PMPL) than in deep lakes that can be explained by a synergistic effect of inorganic suspended solids and algal growth on water transparency. As a consequence, the positions of phytoplankton and macrophytes as early warning indicators in the eutrophication gradient in shallow lakes were inverted compared to those in deep lakes. Compared to the PMPL and ESMI, the IOJ method gave the least stringent assessment results, with 22% of lakes failing to meet the environmental objectives. The relationships between IOJ and PMPL, and ESMI were relatively weak (R = 0.17, p = 0.008 and R = 0.17, p = 0.007, respectively). Moreover, the phytobenthos index IOJ correlated significantly more weakly with all the water quality indicators than either PMPL or ESMI did. The poor performance of the phytobenthos method in this study may suggest a limited indicator value of this BQE for lake assessment or inappropriate sampling design.  相似文献   

巢湖沉积物粒度特征及其沉积学意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐利强  徐芳  周涛发 《地理科学》2015,35(10):1318-1324

对采自西巢湖湖心的一根长为143 cm的沉积柱进行了粒度分析,重建了粒度组成的演变过程。湖心沉积物主要为粉砂和黏土,粒度参数（平均粒径、标准偏差、偏度、尖度、分维值）分析表明沉积物分选程度较好,均为正偏态,峰态为很窄到非常窄,且具有一定的分形特征。C-M图解和概率累积曲线揭示了较弱的水动力环境,颗粒的搬运方式主要为跃移和悬移,比例分别约为70%和25%~30%。结合因子分析,识别出第一主因子（PC1）对细粒物质含量存在显著影响,其值反映了碎屑物质在湖泊中的搬运距离,PC1因子与平均粒径M_z可作为巢湖湖泊水位的替代性指标。  相似文献   

柯鲁克湖水化学特征分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李皎  李明慧  方小敏  吴福莉  孟庆泉  张志国  刘晓明 《干旱区地理》2015,38(1):43-51

柯鲁克湖目前是柴达木盆地内唯一的淡水湖。2012年10月采集了柯鲁克湖不同方向的表层湖水,分析了其总溶解固体（TDS）、pH、硬度及化学成分,与入湖河流性质进行对比,探讨了湖水的物质来源及影响因素。柯鲁克湖湖水整体呈弱碱性,属于硬度较高的淡水,湖水类型为Cl^-·SO₄^2--Na⁺·Ca²⁺型或以O.A.阿列金分类为Cl NaⅢ型水。pH值的整体变化较小,TDS及硬度在东西采样方向上变化显著。因降雨量小,湖水成分主要来源于地表河流及地下水输入的岩石风化产物。巴音河为主要入湖河流,河水性质不同于柯鲁克湖,属于HCO₃^--Ca²⁺型,造成两者差异的原因在于湖水发生强烈的蒸发-浓缩,湖水中的Ca²⁺和HCO₃^-以碳酸盐矿物的形式析出。  相似文献   

基于FY3A/MERSI影像的几种常用水体提取方法的比较分析     

陈鹏  张青  李倩 《干旱区地理》2015,38(4):770-778

随着遥感技术的飞速发展,利用遥感数据来进行水资源的监测、调查和分析已经成为一种必然的趋势。通过选取新疆博湖县境内中国最大的内陆淡水湖-博斯腾湖为研究区,FY3A/MERSI影像为数据源,利用监督分类法从Landsat-ETM+影像提取水体,提取结果作为FY3A/MERSI影像水体提取精度验证的底图。采用单波段阈值法、基于阈值的多波段谱间关系法和基于阈值的水体指数法从FY3A/MERSI影像提取研究区水体,基于混淆矩阵法,提取结果分别与Landsat-ETM+影像底图作对比分析,最终得出结论,基于阈值的水体指数法中的归一化差异水体指数法提取研究区水体的总体精度最高,为96.37%,Khat为0.915。  相似文献   

末次冰盛期时吉兰泰盐湖的湖泊状态与古气候特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

贾宛娜  黄小忠  范育新  彭卫  刘思丝  陈发虎 《中国沙漠》2015,35(3):602-609

通过现代季风边缘区的吉兰泰盐湖钻孔JLT11-A孔沉积岩芯的矿物分析,结合地层盘星藻的含量探讨末次冰盛期(LGM)时湖泊的状态和古气候特征。结果显示:在LGM时吉兰泰湖泊沉积矿物主要是石英、长石为主的碎屑岩沉积,含量在85%左右,显示出陆源碎屑矿物的高输入状态,可能指示区域寒冷干旱的环境;其次是以方解石为主的碳酸盐的沉积,含量约为10%;氯化物为主的石盐类矿物一般不足5%,但持续存在,指示湖泊仍然有较高的盐度,因此地层中的淡水藻类盘星藻可能是由河流输入。由于陆源碎屑矿物输入强烈,矿物组合可能难以直接指示吉兰泰盐湖湖水状态。区域的干冷的气候与大多数的古气候记录一致,而与新疆西部的冷湿的环境不同。对比邻近区域的古气候研究结果发现,本区域在LGM时段夏季降水相对于冰消期偏多,而相对于MIS3阶段晚期偏少,整体夏季风减弱。吉兰泰盐湖末次冰盛期到末次冰消期以来矿物组合的变化表明,湖泊环境可能受到夏季太阳辐射、全球与区域温度变化以及夏季风强弱变化的影响。  相似文献   

Sediment resuspension under action of wind in Taihu Lake,China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sha-sha ZHENG  Pei-fang WANG  Chao WANG  Jun HOU 《国际泥沙研究》2015,(1)

A field study was undertaken to investigate the changes of the current speed, wave parameters and sediment resuspension under different wind speeds in the Taihu Lake. The Acoustic Doppler Current Profi...  相似文献   

Interpretation of magnetic and gravity gradient tensor data using normalized source strength – A case study from McFaulds Lake,Northern Ontario,Canada     

Majid Beiki  Pierre Keating  David A. Clark 《Geophysical Prospecting》2014,62(5):1180-1192

In this paper, we present a case study on the use of the normalized source strength (NSS) for interpretation of magnetic and gravity gradient tensors data. This application arises in exploration of nickel, copper and platinum group element (Ni‐Cu‐PGE) deposits in the McFaulds Lake area, Northern Ontario, Canada. In this study, we have used the normalized source strength function derived from recent high resolution aeromagnetic and gravity gradiometry data for locating geological bodies. In our algorithm, we use maxima of the normalized source strength for estimating the horizontal location of the causative body. Then we estimate depth to the source and structural index at that point using the ratio between the normalized source strength and its vertical derivative calculated at two levels; the measurement level and a height h above the measurement level. To discriminate more reliable solutions from spurious ones, we reject solutions with unreasonable estimated structural indices. This method uses an upward continuation filter which reduces the effect of high frequency noise. In the magnetic case, the advantage is that, in general, the normalized magnetic source strength is relatively insensitive to magnetization direction, thus it provides more reliable information than standard techniques when geologic bodies carry remanent magnetization. For dipping gravity sources, the calculated normalized source strength yields a reliable estimate of the source location by peaking right above the top surface. Application of the method on aeromagnetic and gravity gradient tensor data sets from McFaulds Lake area indicates that most of the gravity and magnetic sources are located just beneath a 20 m thick (on average) overburden and delineated magnetic and gravity sources which can be probably approximated by geological contacts and thin dikes, come up to the overburden.  相似文献   

Reconstructing historic Glacial Lake Outburst Floods through numerical modelling and geomorphological assessment: Extreme events in the Himalaya          下载免费PDF全文

Matthew J. Westoby  Neil F. Glasser  Michael J. Hambrey  James Brasington  John M. Reynolds  Mohamed A. A. M. Hassan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(12):1675-1692

Recession of high‐mountain glaciers in response to climatic change frequently results in the development of moraine‐dammed glacial lakes. Moraine dam failure is often accompanied by the release of large volumes of water and sediment, termed a Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF). Chukhung Glacier is a small (~3 km²) receding valley glacier in Mt. Everest (Sagarmatha) National Park, Nepal. Unlike many Himalayan glaciers, which possess a thick mantle of supraglacial debris, its surface is relatively clean. The glacier terminus has receded 1.3 km from its maximum Holocene position, and in doing so provided the space for an ice‐contact moraine‐dammed lake to develop. The lake had a maximum volume of 5.5 × 10⁵ m³ and drained as a result of breaching of the terminal moraine. An estimated 1.3 × 10⁵ m³ of material was removed from the terminal moraine during breach development. Numerical dam‐breach modelling, implemented within a Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) framework, was used to investigate a range of moraine‐dam failure scenarios. Reconstructed outflow peak discharges, including failure via overtopping and piping mechanisms, are in the range 146–2200 m³ s^‐1. Results from two‐dimensional hydrodynamic GLOF modelling indicate that maximum local flow depths may have exceeded 9 m, with maximum flow velocities exceeding 20 m s^‐1 within 700 m of the breach. The floodwaters mobilised a significant amount of material, sourced mostly from the expanding breach, forming a 300 m long and 100 m wide debris fan originating at the breach exit. moraine‐dam. These results also suggest that inundation of the entire floodplain may have been achieved within ten minutes of initial breach development, suggesting that debris fan development was rapid. We discuss the key glaciological and geomorphological factors that have determined the evolution of a hazardous moraine‐dammed lake complex and the subsequent generation of a GLOF and its geomorphological impact. © 2014 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献