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21.
A Comparative Study of Stationary and Non-stationary Wind Models Using Field Measurements 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
We present a comparative study of the conventional stationary wind speed model and a newly proposed non-stationary wind speed
model using field measurements. The concept of, and the differences between, the two wind models are briefly reviewed. Wind
data recorded by a field measurement system for wind turbulence parameters (FMS-WTP) of 1-year duration are analyzed using
the two wind models. Comparisons were made between the wind characteristics obtained from the two models, including hourly
mean wind speed, turbulence intensity, the wind spectrum, integral length scale, root coherence function and probability density
function. The effects of wind types (monsoon or typhoon), statistical properties (stationary or non-stationary), and surface
roughness (open-sea fetch or overland fetch) on wind characteristics are discussed. The comparative study demonstrates that
the non-stationary wind model appears to be more appropriate than the conventional stationary wind speed model for characterizing
turbulent winds of one-hour duration over complex terrain. 相似文献
22.
C. Comas M. Palahí T. Pukkala J. Mateu 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(3):387-397
Point process theory plays a fundamental role in the analysis and modelling of spatial forest patterns. For instance, the
Ripley’s K function and its density with respect to the area, i.e. the pair correlation function, have been extensively used to analyse
and characterise stationary forest configurations. However, the stationarity condition is not often met in practice when analysing
real data. Thus, the development and application of new statistics to measure the degree of inhomogeneity suggests the use
of inhomogeneous statistics to describe forest stands. In this paper, we restrict our attention to the inhomogeneous pair
correlation function in the context of replicated spatial data. We then analyse the spatial configuration of pure and mixed
conifer stands in a case study in Central Catalonia, North-East of Spain. Our results suggest that whilst P. sylvestris tend to be aggregated for short inter-tree distances, P. nigra and P. halepensis keep a minimum inter-event distance between trees. Regarding the mixed stands, trees of distinct species tend to be segregated
from each other. Tentative explanations for these results are related with site properties, competition effects, shade tolerance
and silviculture practices applied in this forest region. 相似文献
23.
Usually different nonlinear time responses due to earthquake ground motion are distinguished by non-localized spectra, such as the response or power spectra. However, these spectra are often not able to explain the large discrepancy among structural responses caused by different earthquake records. The local spectrum, obtained by the wavelet transform, shows the energy distribution in the time-frequency domain, and helps to understand the very different structural responses. By changing the energy distribution in time of several earthquake records, the effect of energy concentration on the structural nonlinear response is demonstrated. This paper proposes the use of the characteristic peak ground acceleration, which is the peak of the signal constructed by only a few special wavelet components of an earthquake record, to quantify the difference between earthquake records, since this measure indicates the magnitude of the energy concentrated around the fundamental period of a structure. 相似文献
24.
This paper proposes a method to structurally identify inherent dynamic characteristics based on long-term monitored acceleration data of nonlinear offshore platforms under sea-ice excitation. Not all the inherent characteristics can be excited due to the randomness of ice loading and its limited bandwidth. However, the long-term monitored data can reflect most of the conditions of sea-ice excitation. The change of natural characteristics of the platform under ice loads can be identified by analyzing of long-term monitored data. A nonlinear system of two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) is simulated to identify dynamic characteristics and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The method is applied to analyze the acceleration data caused by ice-induction at a jacket platform in Liaodong Bay. The inherent characteristics of the structure can be identified and its variation under different ice-load intensities is summarized. 相似文献
25.
We examined plankton responses to climate variance by using high temporal resolution data from 1988 to 2007 in the Western English Channel. Climate variability modified both the magnitude and length of the seasonal signal of sea surface temperature, as well as the timing and depth of the thermocline. These changes permeated the pelagic system yielding conspicuous modifications in the phenology of autotroph communities and zooplankton. The climate variance envelope, thus far little considered in climate-plankton studies, is closely coupled with the non-stationary dynamics of plankton, and sheds light on impending ecological shifts and plankton structural changes. Our study calls for the integration of the non-stationary relationship between climate and plankton in prognostic models on the productivity of marine ecosystems. 相似文献
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利用“绿洲系统能量与水分循环过程观测试验”2005年绿洲、 戈壁点的观测资料, 分析了三种坐标旋转方案对摩擦速度、 感热、 潜热以及非定常性检验与湍流积分统计性检验的影响, 对两种非定常检验方法进行了比较, 并对通量资料进行了总体的质量控制和分级。结果表明： 三种坐标旋转方案对摩擦速度、 感热、 潜热通量以及非定常性检验与湍流积分统计性检验的影响存在着一定的差异, 这与坐标旋转方案本身有着密不可分的关系。两种非定常性检验方法存在一定的不一致性, 这种不一致性的产生不仅与两种NS检验方法有关, 也可能与湍流测定成分随时间、 天气条件或测定点相对于气象条件的变化以及与观测仪器本身有关。归一化标准差随稳定度的变化基本满足“1/3次方规律”或“-1/3次方规律”, 但坐标旋转方案不同, 归一化标准差与稳定度的拟合关系不同, 其差异在于三种坐标旋转方案对平均垂直速度的处理方法以及平均水平风的选择上。整体分级后各级资料所占百分比要明显低于任一个单独检验的各级资料所占百分比, 非理想的观测值多出现在夜间以及日出日落前后。 相似文献
28.
A methodology is proposed for efficient processing of sea wave field data via compressive sensing (CS), and joint time-frequency analysis via harmonic wavelets (HWs) based evolutionary power spectrum (EPS) estimation. In this regard, it is possible to record and store relatively long wave data sequences, whereas the commonly adopted in-practice assumption of stationary data is abandoned. Currently, most wave records are measured by buoys, which acquire data for a time interval representative of stationary time series. Next, following a Fourier transform processing, only few spectral parameters are stored. Thus, detailed information about localized-in-time phenomena are completely lost. Herein, it is shown that CS can be adopted for efficiently compressing and reconstructing wave data, while retaining localized information. For this purpose, CS is used in conjunction with a HW basis for processing long time series. In particular, storage capacity demands are drastically decreased as only the HW coefficients need to be saved. These are determined from a randomly-sampled record by invoking a L1/2 norm minimization procedure. The resulting reconstructed record, being longer than conventional wave time series, can no longer be regarded as stationary; thus, a HW based EPS estimate is employed for describing the joint time-frequency features of the record. Finally, the reliability of the methodology is assessed by analyzing wave field data measured at the Natural Ocean Engineering Laboratory (NOEL) of Reggio Calabria. Specifically, comparisons between original and reconstructed records demonstrate a satisfactory agreement regarding the time-histories, and the estimated EPS and relevant statistical quantities, even for up to 60% missing/removed data. 相似文献
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Darío Rojas-Avellaneda José Luis Silván-Cárdenas 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2006,20(6):455-467
The measured ozone pollution peak in the atmosphere of Mexico City region was considered in order to study the effect of a non-stationary mean of the sampled data in geostatistics interpolation methods. With this objective the local mean value of the sampled data was estimated through a linear regression analysis of their values on the monitoring station’s coordinates. The residuals obtained by removing the data trend are considered as a set of stationary random variables. Several interpolation methods used in geostatistics, such as inverse distance weighted, kriging, and artificial neural networks techniques were considered. In an effort to optimize and evaluate its performance, we fit interpolated values to sampled data, obtaining optimal values for the parameters defining the used model, that means, the values of the parameters that give the lowest mean RMSE between the interpolated value and measured data at 20 stations at 1500 hours for a set of 21 days of December 2001, which was chosen as the training set. The training set is conformed by all the days in December 2001 excepting the days (3,6,9,12,...,27,30) which were considered as the testing set. Once the optimal model is obtained, it is used to interpolate the values at the stations at 1500 hours for the testing days. The RMSE between interpolated and measured values at monitoring stations was also evaluated for these testing values and is shown as a percentage in Table 2. These values and the defined generalization parameter G, can be used to evaluate the performance and the ability of the models to predict and reproduce the peak of ozone concentrations. Scatter plots for testing data are presented for each interpolation method. An interpretation of the ozone pollution levels obtained at 1500 hours at December 21 was given using the wind field that prevailed in the region 1 h before the same day. 相似文献