Timing and style of high-temperature metamorphism across the Western Gawler Craton during the Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic     

A. J. Reid  J. A. Halpin  R. A. Dutch 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):1085-1111

Abstract

Combined in situ monazite dating, mineral equilibria modelling and zircon U–Pb detrital zircon analysis provide insight into the pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) evolution of the western Gawler Craton. In the Nawa Domain, pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses were deposited after ca 1760?Ma and record high-grade metamorphic conditions of ～7.5?kbar and 850?°C at ca 1730?Ma. Post-peak microstructures, including partial plagioclase coronae and late biotite around garnet, and subtle retrograde garnet compositional zoning, suggest that these rocks cooled along a shallow down-pressure trajectory across an elevated dry solidus. In the northwest Fowler Domain (Colona Block), monazite grains from pelitic gneisses record two stages of growth/recrystallisation interpreted to represent discrete parts of the P–T path: (1) ca 1710?Ma monazite growth during prograde to peak conditions, and (2) ca 1690?Ma Y-enriched monazite growth/recrystallisation during partial garnet breakdown and cooling towards the solidus. Relict prograde growth zoning in garnet suggests rocks underwent a steep up-P path to peak conditions of ～8?kbar at 800?°C. The new P–T–t results suggest basement rocks of the southwestern Nawa and northwestern Fowler were buried to depths of 20–25?km during the Kimban Orogeny, ca 10 Myrs after the sedimentary precursors were deposited. The P–T path for the Kimban Orogeny is broadly anti-clockwise, suggesting that at least the early phase of this event was associated with extension. Exhumation of rocks from both the southwestern Nawa and northwestern Fowler domains may have occurred during the waning stages of the Kimban Orogeny (<ca 1690?Ma). The limited low-grade overprint in these rocks may be explained by a mid-to-upper crustal position for these rocks during the subsequent Kararan Orogeny. Aluminous quartz-feldspathic gneiss of the Nundroo Block in the eastern Fowler Domain records peak conditions of ～7?kbar at 800?°C. Monazite grains from the Nundroo Block are dominated by an age peak at ca 1590?Ma, although the presence of some older ages up to ca 1690?Ma, possibly reflect partial resetting of older monazite domains. The P–T–t conditions suggest these rocks were buried to 20–25?km at ca 1590?Ma during the Kararan Orogeny. This high-grade metamorphism in the Nundroo Block is a mid-crustal expression of the same thermal anomaly that caused magmatism in the central-eastern Gawler Craton. Juxtaposition of rocks affected by the Kimban and Kararan orogenic events in the western Gawler Craton was controlled by lithospheric-scale shear zones, some of which have facilitated ～20 kilometres of exhumation.  相似文献   

左权-赞皇变质杂岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

肖玲玲  刘福来  刘建辉  刘平华  施建荣  蔡佳 《岩石学报》2013,29(2):533-550

左权变质杂岩位于华北克拉通中部造山带的中南段,赞皇变质杂岩西南。两杂岩区出露的早元古代——晚太古代变质岩石类型主要有:长英质片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩、斜长角闪岩、石榴角闪岩、云母片岩和长石石英岩等。通过详细地野外地质调查、岩相学以及地球化学研究发现,左权变质杂岩与赞皇变质杂岩有类似的地球化学性质,其中,长英质片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩和角闪岩的原岩均有正、有副,按原岩性质可分为变质沉积岩、变质花岗质岩石和变质基性岩三类。变质沉积岩的原岩为粘土岩或杂砂岩,物源以上地壳的长英质成分为主,REE配分型式与PAAS以及上地壳平均成分类似,原岩在形成过程中经历了中——低等程度的风化作用,沉积背景为有演化岛弧发育的活动大陆边缘;变质花岗质岩石的原岩为中酸性侵入岩,形成于大陆边缘弧环境,与变质沉积岩呈侵入接触关系;变质基性岩的原岩是拉斑——钙碱玄武质岩石,其稀土总量较低、轻稀土轻微富集,地壳混染作用明显,总体形成环境类似于现代大陆边缘的岛弧构造环境。基于以上地球化学特征推测左权——赞皇变质杂岩形成于典型碰撞造山环境,卷入了华北克拉通东部陆块和西部陆块之间的俯冲——碰撞过程。  相似文献   

华北克拉通及邻区晚中生代伸展构造及其动力学背景的讨论   总被引：13，自引：8，他引：5  

林伟  王军  刘飞  冀文斌  王清晨 《岩石学报》2013,29(5):1791-1810

欧亚大陆东部晚中生代伸展构造十分显著,表现为大量发育的变质核杂岩、同构造岩浆岩、韧性拆离断层带等伸展成因的穹隆和地堑-半地堑盆地.通过对这些伸展构造进行系统分析、归纳和总结,将欧亚大陆东部晚中生代伸展构造发育区划分为:泛贝加尔-鄂霍次克带、华北西部带、华北东部带、华北南缘及秦岭-大别带和华南内陆带.这些伸展构造记录了大区域上的NW-SE方向伸展,构成了全球最大的陆壳伸展地区.这些伸展构造使地壳深部的岩石沿拆离断层折返至地表,从而使中下地壳结构发生了强烈的改造.除华北东部带给出了一个较为宽泛的伸展时段外,各个研究区所涉及的伸展穹隆及其相关的拆离断层所表现的伸展峰期时间均十分相近:位于130 ～ 126Ma之间.岩石圈根部的拆沉可能是这个巨型伸展构造带形成的动力学机制.这个模型为探讨华北克拉通破坏和减薄的时限、机制、模式及深部动力学背景提供直接的构造证据.  相似文献   

内蒙凉城2.0Ga变质花岗岩对超高温变质作用的制约   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张华锋  罗志波  王浩铮 《岩石学报》2013,29(7):2391-2404

内蒙凉城位于华北克拉通北缘中段,孔兹岩带的东端.本区孔兹岩系内存在着大量的古元古代变质花岗岩,彼此呈构造接触.根据野外地质特征、岩石学和矿物学特征,可将其分为三类:Ⅰ)二长花岗岩;Ⅱ)深熔花岗岩;Ⅲ)似斑状紫苏花岗岩.本文针对Ⅰ类花岗岩进行详细的锆石和岩石成因研究.结果显示该类岩体形成于大约2.0Ga左右,并记录了1.95～1.90Ga的变质作用年龄,对应的岩浆和变质锆石结晶温度(采用锆石Ti温度计)分别为856～964℃(平均912℃)和861～900℃(平均879℃),暗示该花岗岩体源区曾经历了高温熔融事件,同时也说明它们与围岩孔兹岩共同经历了古元古代的超高温变质作用.该类型岩体的岩石化学特征类似太古宙TTG或Adakite,而深熔花岗岩类(Ⅱ类)的地球化学特征则类似岛弧岩浆岩.这种差异说明凉城2.0Ga变质花岗岩的原岩非孔兹岩重融而成的S型花岗岩.锆石Lu-Hf和全岩Nd同位素组成则指示形成岩体的物质主要来自新太古代和古元古代下地壳的熔融.  相似文献   

SHRIMP baddeleyite age for the Fraser Dyke Swarm,southeast Yilgarn Craton,Western Australia     

M. T. D. Wingate  I. H. Campbell  L. B. Harris 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):309-313

Recent high‐resolution aeromagnetic data have delineated an extensive swarm of undeformed northeast‐trending dolerite dykes in the southeastern Yilgarn Craton, known previously only from isolated exposures in surface mining operations. Owing to parallelism of the dykes to the Fraser Mobile Belt, the eastern segment of the Albany‐Fraser Orogen, the swarm is referred to here as the Fraser Dyke Swarm. Ion‐microprobe dating of baddeleyite from a granophyric segregation in the centre of one dyke yields a mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 1212 ± 10 Ma (95% confidence limits). The location of the Fraser Dyke Swarm, adjacent and parallel to the Fraser Mobile Belt, suggests that the dykes may have been emplaced into lines of weakness that originated during tectonic loading and downwards flexure of the craton margin. This is the first evidence of ca 1210 Ma mafic dykes and associated crustal‐scale extension in the southeast Yilgarn Craton, although the age is similar to those reported recently for dolerite and quartz diorite dykes in the central and southern part of the craton, suggesting that a genetic relationship may exist between intrusions in the two areas.  相似文献   

Age relationships in supracrustal sequences of the northern part of the Murchison Terrane,Archaean Yilgarn Craton,Western Australia: A combined field and zircon U–Pb study     

R. T. Pidgeon  J. A. Hallberg 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1):153-165

Mapping carried out in the northern Murchison Terrane of the Archaean Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, shows that correlation of units between isolated greenstone belts is very difficult and an informal stratigraphic subdivision is proposed where the greenstone sequences have been divided into a number of assemblages. The assemblages may not necessarily be time equivalent throughout the region. The lower units (Assemblages 1–3) consist of ultramafic, mafic and intermediate volcanic rocks deposited without significant breaks in volcanism. Felsic volcanic packages (Assemblage 4) are conformable with underlying units, but are spatially restricted. Discordant units of graphitic sedimentary rocks are developed along major crustal structures (Assemblage 5). SHRIMP and conventional U–Pb study of zircons reveal that felsic volcanic rocks of Assemblage 4 in the Dalgaranga Greenstone Belt were emplaced at 2747 ± 5 Ma, whereas those in the adjacent Meekatharra — Mt Magnet Greenstone Belt range in age from 2762 ± 6 to 2716 ± 4 Ma. The age of emplacement of a differentiated gabbro sill in the Dalgaranga Greenstone Belt at 2719 ± 6 Ma places a maximum age on major folding in the belt. The presence of 2.9–3.0 Ga inherited zircons in some of the felsic volcanic rocks indicates contamination with, or reworking of, underlying 3 Ga sialic crust. This distinguishes the Murchison Terrane from the central parts of the Eastern Goldfields terranes to the south, where there is no evidence for a 3 Ga imprint in zircons from volcanic or granitic rocks, and also from the Narryer Gneiss Terrane to the north and west, which is composed of older gneisses and granitoids. The ca 2.76–2.71 Ga felsic volcanism in the Murchison Terrane is significantly older than 2.71–2.67 Ga felsic volcanism in the Eastern Goldfields lending support to models advocating assemblage of the craton by terrane accretion.  相似文献   

IX. The St. Vincent Basin     

J. C. Crowell  L. A. Frakes 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):115-126

Late Palaeozoic glaciation in Australia, discovered over a century ago, is now known to have covered a large part of the continent. In South Australia, tillite and outwash debris lie upon clearly striated pavements within glacial valleys, and show that ice sheets with valley tongues moved northward from sources now occupied by deep ocean south of the continent. These glaciers reached into the Cooper, Arckaringa, and Pedirka Basins at the end of the Carboniferous and laid down patches of till in the Early Permian, now preserved largely in the subsurface. In Tasmania, an ice sheet waxed in the latest Carboniferous from sources to the west of the island, and deposited till and “drop‐stones” into fossiliferous marine strata until well into the Late Permian. In Victoria, the ice cap laid down till on a striated floor, and here and there sequences of outwash, including boulder pavements. In New South Wales, continental glaciation expanded eastward to the sea early in the Permian, and left a record intercalated with volcanics and coal beds into the Late Permian. Bordering the Tamworth Trough of northern New South Wales, and occurring also in the highlands of New England, alpine glaciers left a record in the form of striated stones and dropstones, in very thick sequences of fluviatile, lacustrine, and marine clastic sediments. The mountains existed in Middle and early Late Carboniferous times, and were largely worn down to gentle relief when continental glaciers expanded northward in the Early Permian. A non‐glacial interval at the end of the Carboniferous therefore probably occurred in New South Wales. In Queensland, alpine glaciers occupied mountains at the western rim of the Bowen Basin at the end of the Carboniferous. Large blocks carried by icebergs from glaciers of unknown locations were dropped into Lower and Upper Permian strata of the Bowen Basin as well. In Western Australia Early Permian ice centres were located on the Yilgarn Block, east of the Perth Basin, on the Pilbara Block southwest of the Canning Basin, and on the Kimberley Block. Evidence for this glaciation consists mostly of ice‐rafted debris and fluvial‐glacial and glacial‐marine strata that reached as far north as the Bonaparte Gulf Basin.

The rapid growth northward of continental glaciers in Australia near the end of the Carboniferous corresponds with a rapid shift of palaeolatitude as judged from Irving's palaeomagnetic studies. The ice sheet grew quickly upon upland areas when Gondwanaland moved to a near polar position and the unfrozen Palaeo‐Pacific lay near at hand to provide an abundant source of moisture.  相似文献   

East Canning Basin earthquake,March 1970     

D. Denham  I. B. Everingham  P. J. Gregson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):353-358

On 24 March 1970 an earthquake of magnitude ML 6.7 took place in the eastern Canning Basin. The earthquake was unusual because it occurred in a region where no previous earthquake had been reported and where there was no evidence of recent tectonic activity. First motion results indicate a thrusting type focal mechanism with the pressure axis approximately northeast‐southwest and dipping about 24° to the southwest. The main shock was followed, over the next two years, by many earthquakes in a zone covering 140 km by 20 km. The longitudinal axis of this zone is approximately parallel to the north‐northwest striking nodal plane determined from the first motion results, and to the trend of intrabasin faulting.

It is suggested that continental crust may be sensitive to small changes in stress pattern and consequently seismic activity may be interrelated over large distances.  相似文献   

A silurian porphyry copper prospect near Yeoval,New South Wales     

E. P. Ambler  R. A. Facer 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):229-241

The Yeoval porphyry copper prospect lies in a complex of dioritic rocks which form part of the eastern margin of the Yeoval Batholith in central‐western New South Wales. Rocks of the batholith are mainly granite and adamellite whose age is about 370 m.y. The diorite complex, (411 m.y.) is composed of rocks ranging from granodiorite to gabbro and pyroxenite.

Hydrothermal alteration of granodiorite in the Yeoval Mine area, 3.5 km north of Yeoval, is associated with disseminated and stockwork‐veinlet copper‐sulphide‐bearing zones. Alteration assemblages are similar to those described from some disseminated or porphyry copper/molybdenum deposits of southwestern USA.

The ubiquity of potassic zones in veinlet alteration envelopes and the poor development of sericitic and argillic zones suggest that the Yeoval prospect formed at or below the level of the Ajo deposit, Arizona, and the Los Loros deposit, Chile, which formed some 5 km below surface near the base of the ‘porphyry system’.

High Rb and Ba contents in the Yeoval diorites and their associated andesitic volcanics, and the presence of garnet‐bearing rhyodacite of similar age, imply that the Yeoval area was part of an Andean type of continental margin in the middle Palaeozoic.  相似文献   

华北克拉通破坏过程中下地壳的改造——捕虏体证据     

英基丰  张宏福  汤艳杰 《岩石矿物学杂志》2013,32(5):567-576

华北克拉通出露的前寒武纪麻粒岩地体和显生宙不同时期火山岩中的麻粒岩捕虏体是地质历史上不同时期下地壳的代表性样品,对它们的对比研究为华北克拉通下地壳的演化提供了重要制约。本文在前人工作基础上,主要从地体麻粒岩和不同时代火山岩中捕虏体麻粒岩的锆石年代学和Hf同位素组成特征角度,指出在华北克拉通岩石圈破坏过程中,不仅岩石圈地幔发生了减薄和改造,岩石圈地幔之上的下地壳也发生了不同程度的减薄和改造,这种改造存在区域上的差异,包括改造的时间、改造的程度等。下地壳的改造方式主要以幔源岩浆的底侵为主,古老地壳物质的重熔也是可能的一种方式。  相似文献