沙漠地区土壤质地对不同频点微波地表发射率反演和模拟的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴莹  翁富忠 《气象学报》2014,72(4):749-759

首先运用先进微波扫描辐射仪(AMSR-E)资料反演了北非沙漠地区晴空条件下的地表微波发射率。然后根据不同的土壤类型,进一步分析了沙漠地表微波发射率频谱特性,并将增加土壤质地信息前、后的翁(Weng)氏微波地表发射率模型(2001)的模拟结果和反演结果进行了比较。结果表明,沙漠地表发射率与土壤质地密切相关,随土壤颗粒大小的不同变化明显。在沙漠土壤类型中,以大颗粒为主的土壤类型,其水平(垂直)极化的发射率通常随频率提高而增大(减小);而对于以较小粒子为主的沙漠土壤类型,地表发射率几乎为常数,或水平(垂直)极化的发射率随频率提高略有减小(增大)。并且,发射率的季节性特征明显,特别是以小颗粒组成的土壤,其水平极化的发射率比垂直极化的发射率表现出更强的季节性变化。以上这些发射率特征与翁氏模型模拟结果一致。此外,在翁氏模型的输入参数中增加土壤质地信息(土壤组分含量、粒径尺度)改善了翁氏模型在沙漠地区的模拟结果,特别是对于包含大量小粒子的沙漠土壤类型,如黏土和黏质壤土,模拟误差从6%9%降低至4%以下。由于翁氏模型是美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)全球同化和预报系统的重要组成部分,对翁氏模型的改进将提高沙漠地区卫星资料的利用率并有望改进数值天气预报的准确度。  相似文献   

２种统计方法对气象要素均一性的影响          下载免费PDF全文

李亚丽  妙娟利 《陕西气象》2011,(3):29-32

在天气现象观测中,轻雾、霾、浮尘是较易混淆的天气现象,准确的判断和记录这些现象,需要从形成条件、天气背景、垂直能见度、相对湿度等方面进行分析,综合判断,本文对此作了一些分析和探讨。  相似文献   

高淳县地震台钻孔分量应变观测质量评价和映震效能研究     

夏孝田 《高原地震》2011,23(2):44-48

对高淳地震台自投入运行以来的分量应变观测资料进行了分析研究,结果表明:该台观测资料精度很高,同时发现分量应变观测对一些大震有明显同震效应.  相似文献   

高速铁路建设对宝鸡地电场观测干扰分析     

马世虎  王秋宁  李垚奇  乔波 《高原地震》2011,23(4):37-40

高速铁路（简称高铁）建设是新时期中国经济实现又好又快发展的重大战略举措。不久的将来,我国将建成遍布大江南北总进程达到16 000 km的高铁网络。地电场观测是地震前兆观测的重要手段,截止2010年,全国共建成并投入运行的地电场观测台站已经达到110个。由于高铁的设计线路与地电场观测场地难免发生＂冲突＂,因此,研究和分析...  相似文献   

Silicon-on-Insulator-Based Single-Chip Image Sensors: Low-Voltage Scientific Imaging     

Vyshnavi Suntharalingam  Barry E. Burke  Michael J. Cooper 《Experimental Astronomy》2002,14(2):91-98

A low-voltage (≤3.3 V) imaging technology has been developed to enable scientific-grade imagers with low-power complex functions on chip. A 128 × 128 CCD imager with on-chip clocking and charge-domain analog-to-digital conversion, as well as an exploratory active pixel sensor have been demonstrated. A 640 × 960 CCD imager with optimized 12 bit charge-domain conversion and an improved active pixel sensor are presently in fabrication. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Secrets of E2V Technologies CCDs (ex Marconi CCDs)     

Paul R. Jorden  Peter Pool  Simon M. Tulloch 《Experimental Astronomy》2002,14(2):69-75

To complement previously published information on E2V CCDs, we present here some less well-known information about Marconi CCDs. We show details of the performance of deep depletion silicon variants, and discuss other subtleties of performance. We also present an update on L3vision (sub-electron noise) devices, indicating current availability, options, and ongoing development work. Finally, we will give a flavour of the range of custom designs that have been made. Many of these are not commercially available, and may not be familiar to all astronomers or CCD technologists. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Interferometric polarimetry of the cosmic microwave background: Methodology     

S.T. Myers  J.L. Sievers  J.R. Bond  C.R. Contaldi  B.S. Mason  T.J. Pearson  A.C.S. Readhead 《New Astronomy Reviews》2006,50(11-12):951

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水准网平差系统介绍   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周世虎  边红文 《北京测绘》2007,(4):59-61,31

本文介绍的水准网平差系统采用全新的图形化操作界面,输入原始数据更方便、更直观,按间接平差方法进行严密平差,系统自动判断节点,整个平差过程无需人工干预。平差成果可预览查看或打印输出,水准网图形可打印输出或保存为位图文件。  相似文献   

Aquifer hydraulic conductivity prediction via coupling model of MCMC-ANN          下载免费PDF全文

GUI Chun-lei  WANG Zhen-xing  MA Rong  ZUO Xue-feng 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(1):1-11

Grain-size distribution data,as a substitute for measuring hydraulic conductivity(K),has often been used to get K value indirectly.With grain-size distribution data of 150 sets of samples being input data,this study combined the Artificial Neural Network technology(ANN)and Markov Chain Monte Carlo method(MCMC),which replaced the Monte Carlo method(MC)of Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation(GLUE),to establish the GLUE-ANN model for hydraulic conductivity prediction and uncertainty analysis.By means of applying the GLUE-ANN model to a typical piedmont region and central region of North China Plain,and being compared with actually measured values of hydraulic conductivity,the relative error ranges are between 1.55%and 23.53%and between 14.08%and 27.22%respectively,the accuracy of which can meet the requirements of groundwater resources assessment.The global best parameter gained through posterior distribution test indicates that the GLUEANN model,which has satisfying sampling efficiency and optimization capability,is able to reasonably reflect the uncertainty of hydrogeological parameters.Furthermore,the influence of stochastic observation error(SOE)in grain-size analysis upon prediction of hydraulic conductivity was discussed,and it is believed that the influence can not be neglected.  相似文献   

A European perspective on Digital Earth     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(4):271-284

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the definition of a European perspective on Digital Earth (DE), identify some actions that can contribute to raise the awareness of DE in the European context and thus strengthen the European contribution to the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE). The paper identifies opportunities and synergies with the current policy priorities in Europe (Europe 2020, Innovation Union and Digital Agenda) and highlights a number of key areas to advance the development of DE from a European perspective: (1) integrating scientific research into DE; (2) exploiting the Observation Web with human-centred sensing; and (3) governance, including the establishment of stronger linkages across the European landscape of funding streams and initiatives. The paper is offered also as a contribution to the development of this new vision of DE to be presented at the next International DE Conference in Perth, Australia, in August 2011. The global recognition of this new vision will then reinforce the European component and build a positive feedback loop for the further implementation of DE across the globe.  相似文献