三峡水库典型支流上游区和回水区营养状态分析   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

张晟  宋丹  张可  曾凡海  李斗果 《湖泊科学》2010,22(2):201-207

2006年3、5、8月,对三峡水库成库后5条支流的上游区和回水区水质参数及营养因子分布进行了初步研究.研究结果表明,支流高锰酸盐指数范围在1.00-2.50mg/L、COD范围为6.00-26.5mg/L,上游区与回水区有机物含量差异不大,支流目前未受到有机物污染影响.NH_4~+-N范围为0.039-0.367mg/L,各支流含量均为丰水期最大.TN范围在0.58-1.67mg/L,TP范围在0.005-0.133mg/L,支流回水区TN和TP含量均远高于水体发生富营养化的最低限制值,水体存在发生富营养化的风险.大多支流N/P比值处于适宜藻类生长范围.Chl.a浓度范围为0.94-28.9mg/m~3,各支流回水区Chl.a浓度均为5月最大河流回水区Chl.a浓度高于上游区,上游区、回水区Chl.a含量有显著差异.选用修正的Carlson营养状态指数(Trophic State Index)TSI_M法,评价了支流水体营养状态,TSI_M指数范围在36.0-64.2,上游区除龙河、澎溪河5月达到富营养水平外,其余支流均为贫-中营养水平.回水区各支流均达到中-富营养水平.支流回水区营养状态指数均高于上游区,但各支流增加幅度不同.支流回水区水体营养状态明显受三峡水库蓄水水体流速减缓的影响.Chl.a与COD(n=15,P0.01)呈极显著正相关,与其它营养因子无明显相关关系.三峡水库完工后,支流回水区水体流速减缓,富营养化趋势可能加重.  相似文献   

Trends in eutrophication research and control     

Walter Rast  Jeffrey A. Thornton 《水文研究》1996,10(2):295-313

Eutrophication is the natural ageing process of lakes. It is characterized by a geologically slow shift from in-lake biological production driven by allochthonous (external to the water body) loading of nutrients, to production driven by autochthonous (in-lake) processes. This shift typically is accompanied by changes in species and biotic community composition, as an aquatic ecosystem is ultimately transformed into a terrestrial biome. However, this typically slow process can be greatly accelerated by human intervention in the natural biogeochemical cycling of nutrients within a watershed; the resulting cultural eutrophication can create conditions inimical to the continued use of the water body for human-driven economic purposes. Excessive algal and rooted plant growth, degraded water quality, extensive deoxygenation of the bottom water layers and increased fish biomass accompanied by decreased harvest quality, are some features of this process. Following the Second World War, concern with cultural eutrophication achieved an intensity that spurred a significant research effort, culminating in the identification of phosphorus as the single most significant, and controllable, element involved in driving the eutrophication process. During the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s, much effort was devoted to reducing phosphorus in wastewater effluents, primarily in the developed countries of the temperate zone. These efforts generally resulted in the control of eutrophication in these countries, albeit with varying degrees of success. The present effort in the temperature zone, comprising mostly developed nations, has now shifted to the control of diffuse sources of a broader spectrum of contaminants that impact human water use. In the developing countries of the inter-tropical zone, however, rapidly expanding populations, a growing industrial economy and extensive urbanization have only recently reached an intensity at which cultural eutrophication can no longer be ignored. Further, initial attempts at applying temperate zone control measures in this region have been largely unsuccessful. Modification of the temperate zone eutrophication paradigm will be needed, especially to address the differing climatic and hydrological conditions, if cultural eutrophication is to be contained in this region, where eutrophication-related diseases continue to be a primary cause of human distress.  相似文献   

Volcanic nutrient inputs and trophic state of Lake Caviahue,Patagonia, Argentina     

Fernando L. Pedrozo  Pedro F. TemporettiGuadalupe Beamud  Mónica M. Diaz 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

The strategies for eutrophication control, remediation, and policy management are often defined for neutral to alkaline freshwater systems, as they are most suitable for human use. The influence of nutrients on eutrophication in a naturally-acidic lake is poorly known. The main purpose of the present work is to evaluate the significance of volcanic nutrients in the control of the trophic state of the acidic Lake Caviahue, located at North Patagonia, Argentina.  相似文献   

淮南矿区塌陷塘水体水质的变化     

计承富  桂和荣  王和平  方文惠  王正红 《煤田地质与勘探》2008,36(1):44-48

结合物理、化学、生物学指标,采用Margelef多样性指数、营养状态综合指数法对淮南矿区塌陷塘水体水质进行定性分析和定量研究,发现水体受有机污染严重,BOD₅、COD_Cr、TP等指标含量较高,水质状况已趋于富营养化,其水体中氮的含量与水质变化的相关性明显大于磷,而且磷受环境因素影响较明显;Margelef多样性指数也由1986年的3.20减至2005年的2.21(小于2.5),营养状态综合指数为65.18,水质级别为中度富营养(Ⅳ)。这说明塌陷塘水体水质变化一方面受环境因素干扰较为严重,另一方面也有其内在的发展规律,和内陆湖泊相比有较明显的特殊性。   相似文献   

Zustandsentwicklung schleswig-holsteinischer Seen zwischen 1983 und 1993: Eine Betrachtung unter Anwendung der Clusteranalyse     

Gerald Schernewski  Ulrike Schulz 《Limnologica》1999,29(2):146

In 1983 the regional authority in Schleswig-Holstein (North Germany) started their long term monitoring programme in 29 lakes. During the following years the number increased to 68 lakes in 1993. The monitoring programme includes the parameter carbon (DOC, TOC), nitrogen (NH₄-N, NO₂-N, NO₃-N, TDN) phosphorus (PO₄-P, TDP), conductivity and temperature. Water samples are taken only once a year during late winter overturn in the main outflow of every lake. In this study TOC, TDN and TDP are chosen as most independent variables by correlation tests. Average concentrations of the years 1983 to 1985 and 1992 to 1993 as well as the concentration difference between 1992/93 and 1983/85 are clustered using the Average Linkage Method. It is necessary to use averages of a few years to reduce effects of interannual variability.Between 1983/85 and 1992/93 the average TDP-concentration in all 29 lakes was reduced by 40% from 0.68 to 0.041 mg/l. TDN-concentrations declined by 13% from 2.6 to 2.3 mg/l. The strong reduction of phosphorus concentrations clearly reflect the success of local sewage purification during the last two decades. The high importance of diffuse input sources for lakes is the reason for the less pronounced decline in TDN concentrations.The increase in TOC-concentrations by 14% (from 9.3 to 10.6 mg/l) between 1983/85 and 1992/93 is no indicator for an increased average annual algae biomass in the lakes. It is a result of unusual algae blooms during the warm winters between 1989 and 1993.Beside some similarities, the dendrogram on the basis of 1983/85 data and the one using 1992/93 values show that a lot of lakes are located to different clusters. The classification on the basis of concentration differences (1992/93–1983/85) yield three larger groups of lakes with a similar development and 5 groups containing only one or two lakes with extraordinary changes in their properties during the decade. To a certain degree, TOC, TDN and TDP can be seen as trophic state indicators. During the decade most lakes have been subject to significant changes and some main cluster with different directions of the trophic development become obvious. On the other hand a considerable number of lakes show a very special behaviour.The results underline that cluster methods are a useful tool to discover and analyse different developments in lakes. The calculation of T-values on the basis of classification results permit the identification of most representative individuals for every group of lakes. Representatives are valuable for a detailed discussion of driving forces and future investigations. They allow to handle a reduced number of lakes with minimal information loss about the entity.Lake Belau is the best representative for the average TOC-, TDN- and TDP-changes in all lakes. Its changes in water qualtity during the decade is discussed in detail. The high interannual variability of Chlorophyll a-, TDP- and TDN-concentrations in this lake clearly reflect the problems of long term analysis on the basis of this very limited monitoring programme.  相似文献   

Lake Shira, a Siberian salt lake: ecosystem structure and function. 2. Brachionus plicatilis (Rotatoria) growth and development     

T.A. Temerova  A.G. Degermendzhy  A.P. Tolomeyev 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1999,8(3):233-244

The growth and development of Brachionus plicatilis (Müller), a rotifer and one of the most abundant zooplankton species in Lake Shira, a saline lake at low temperature in the Republic of Khakassia, was studied in cultures at different trophic conditions. Growth indices were evaluated at natural (lake) concentrations of bacteria, Chlorella vulgaris, a microalga, and Candida utilis, a yeast. The negative effect on rotifer reproduction in the algal-bacterial community by blue-green algae was demonstrated. The ratio of ontogenetic periods was shown to be in accord with species and food concentration. Base values required to calculate B. plicatilis population simulation model parameters were defined.  相似文献   

稳定碳、氮同位素在河流系统研究中的应用   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

蔡德陵  李红燕 《海洋科学进展》2004,22(2):225-232

对天然存在的稳定碳、氮同位素在河流系统中的有机物质(POM和DOM)来源、转换和运移规律及其与沿岸生态系统的关系、河口区不同来源颗粒有机质的混合过程、河流系统中富营养化的污染来源和土壤中的微生物过程、系统中的营养行为和食物来源途径以及河流有机物质在陆架上的分配、积累和运移规律的应用研究作了较为系统的论述。  相似文献   

长江下游湖泊水生植物现状及与水环境因子的关系   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

孔祥虹  肖兰兰  苏豪杰  吴耀  张霄林  李中强 《湖泊科学》2015,27(3):385-391

研究水生植物分布与环境因子的关系可为富营养化湖泊的生态修复提供重要科学依据.通过对长江下游10个不同营养水平湖泊的水生植物群落组成和环境状况进行野外调查,研究了长江下游湖泊主要水生植物分布状况及水环境因子对水生植物分布的影响.调查发现长江下游10个代表性湖泊主要水生植物共计6科7属11种,主要生活型为沉水植物.水生植物群落组成与环境因子的冗余分析结果显示,总氮、pH值和水深是显著影响这些不同营养水平湖泊水生植物分布的主导因子.  相似文献   

崇明岛"闸控型"河网水体富营养化特征及其影响因素   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张颖纯  姜德刚  李建华 《湖泊科学》2013,25(3):366-372

为研究崇明岛"闸控型"河网水体富营养化特征及其与环境因子的相互作用,以2010年各季节崇明岛河网水质数据为基础,探讨了环境因子与藻类的变化规律及其相互作用机制.结果表明:崇明岛河网水环境中营养盐水平较高,氮污染尤为严重.长江引水进入岛内河网水环境后,营养盐(除SiO₃-Si)、Chl.a含量和营养状态都出现了明显的升高.与长江引水相比,河网内藻类群落Chl.a贡献比例的变化主要表现为硅藻比例的下降以及蓝藻和绿藻比例的上升.尽管水温、pH、浊度以及营养盐中的TN、TP、NO₃^--N、DOC的变化均与Chl.a含量显著相关,但藻类群落对环境因子的响应关系存在较大差异.蓝藻的增加主要与水温和TP含量的升高有关;绿藻与TN、NO₃^--N的关系最为密切;硅藻的变化只与浊度存在明显正相关,营养盐并不是硅藻生长的促进因子.  相似文献   

长江中游黄盖湖富营养化趋势分析及原因诊断     

王延军  徐敏  孟凡生  薛浩  梁朱明  张家胜 《湖泊科学》2023,35(4):1183-1193

为评估黄盖湖富营养状况和变化趋势并诊断主要成因,以2015～2021年环境监测站点水质数据和2021年秋季的4次全湖加密监测数据为基础,采用综合营养状态指数（TLI（Σ））评价了黄盖湖富营养化程度及变化趋势,使用污染指数法评价了黄盖湖表层沉积物污染程度,基于沉积物与水体间氮磷的相关关系和入湖河流水质状况,初步推断了黄盖湖富营养化的主要原因。结果表明,2015 2021年黄盖湖TLI（Σ）依次为44.14、45.91、42.39、49.79、49.01、49.62和52.77,呈逐年升高的趋势,由中营养状态转变为轻度富营养状态,夏、秋季富营养化程度高于冬、春季;TLI(SD)、TLI(TN)和TLI(TP)贡献率分别为28%、18%和16%,营养盐浓度增加和透明度降低是黄盖湖水体富营养化的主要驱动因子。沉积物TP和TN平均含量分别为791和2691 mg/kg,为重度污染,有较高的释放风险。表层沉积物与表层水体之间TN相关性较弱,TP相关性较强,但受风速、水深等因素影响较大,湖面风速较高时浅水区域表层沉积物中P更容易释放至上覆水。入湖河流的外源输入以及风浪作用下沉积物再悬浮导致的营养盐浓...  相似文献