Stable isotope analysis of some representative fish and invertebrates of the Newfoundland and Labrador continental shelf food web   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

Graham D. Sherwood  George A. Rose 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,63(4):537-549

We examined stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of 17 fish and 16 invertebrate taxa common to the Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) continental shelf food web. Particular sampling emphasis was placed on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and related prey species (e.g. shrimp, Pandalus borealis, and capelin, Mallotus villosus). We found highly significant (p < 0.0001) differences between near-shore (bays) and offshore (shelf edge) δ¹⁵N signatures for cod, ‘other fish’ (pooled) and invertebrates (pooled). In contrast, there were only minor differences in δ¹³C signatures of ‘other fish’ (p < 0.05) and no difference for cod and invertebrates among the two habitats. We sampled at two times of the year (January and June) and found no systematic effect of season on both δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N in cod, ‘other fish’ and invertebrates. We calculated isotopic fractionation factors for cod from the entire shelf (mixed diet) and for cod with diets composed mainly of capelin or shrimp. These values ranged between 2.2‰ and 3.9‰ for δ¹⁵N and −0.4‰ and 0.8‰ for δ¹³C and, for δ¹⁵N, may reflect diet-related differences in bioenergetic status. We discuss potential mechanisms for near-shore versus offshore enrichment of δ¹⁵N signatures, and demonstrate the implications of this spatial variation on δ¹⁵N-derived trophic position estimates.  相似文献   

An evaluation of underlying mechanisms for “fishing down marine food webs”     

丁琪  陈新军  余为  田思泉  陈勇 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(8):32-38

自1998年“捕捞降低海洋食物网”概念首次提出以来,渔获物平均营养级（Mean trophic level of fisheries landings,MTL）广泛用于评估捕捞活动对生态系统完整性的影响,并指导管理机构的政策制定。近年来研究表明,掌握MTL的潜在变化机制对于以MTL作为渔业可持续性指标至关重要。根据联合国粮农组织FAO提供的渔获统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种营养级,本文探讨了全球三大洋14个FAO渔区MTL的变化趋势,并进一步分析不同MTL变化趋势下高营养级鱼种和低营养级鱼种渔获量的变动情况。研究表明, MTL呈上升和回升状态均可能伴随着低营养级鱼种渔获量的下降。此外,通过观察营养级高于3.25鱼种的MTL以区分“捕捞降低海洋食物网”和“捕捞沿着海洋食物网”现象需考虑生态系统的群落结构和开发历程。利用渔获物平均营养级评价渔业可持续性必须综合考虑高营养级和低营养级鱼种,以及群落结构和开发历程的掩盖效应。  相似文献   

Absence of an effect of freshwater input on the stable isotope and fatty acid signatures of intertidal filter-feeders     

E Puccinelli  CD McQuaid  M Noyon 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(4):481-492

Freshwater input is known to have the potential to influence marine pelagic and benthic communities through the export of nutrients, sediments and detritus. The increase in nutrients of riverine origin in coastal environments can enhance primary production in coastal areas, supporting a diverse and rich fauna. However, it is not clear how and to what extent these freshwater inputs influence marine populations. We investigated the potential effects of freshwater input on the diets of intertidal benthic organisms in situ on the east coast of South Africa, analysing their δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N stable isotope and fatty acid content. Specifically, we investigated the dietary regime of three barnacle and one mussel species in relation to their proximity to the mouths of large rivers. Strong dissimilarities among species were recorded with both techniques; however, no significant effect of freshwater input was observed for any of them. There are several possible explanations for these results, including rapid dilution, with fresh water near the river mouth being thoroughly mixed with seawater, resulting in a riverine influence being too weak to be detectable in the signatures of benthic populations. Our results contrast with a previous study conducted in the same area, where it was suggested that demersal organisms relied on freshwater-derived organic matter. Our study, however, showed no freshwater effect either within a few metres or tens of kilometres from the nearest large river mouths, supporting the notion that freshwater input does not play an important role for the benthic intertidal community in the ecosystems studied. Given that freshwater input is likely to diminish in the future, because of increased human abstraction of water, any potential effects of freshwater input on these marine populations are likely to be further reduced.  相似文献   

内蒙古岱海水体营养状况分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周云凯  姜加虎  黄群  孙占东  王红娟 《干旱区地理》2006,29(1):42-46

岱海是我国半干旱区的一个典型内陆湖。近年来,由于受到流域人类活动的强烈干预,湖泊水位持续下降,湖面不断萎缩。与此同时,湖泊水质也呈现出明显的恶化趋势,2004年水质监测结果显示,湖水中TN、TP和CODMn均出现超标,全湖水质达到劣Ⅴ类。采用综合营养状态指数法进行评价,岱海水体已处于中度富营养化水平,但受湖周生产布局的影响,营养状况空间分布有所差异,自湖西向湖东,营养状态指数逐渐减小,富营养化程度也相应降低。在时间变化上,岱海已由1996年的中营养化过渡到2004年的中度富营养化,上升了两个营养级别。引起岱海水质恶化的原因主要是农田地表径流及城镇所产生的生活污水,另外,湖泊的不断萎缩也是一个不容忽视的影响因素。为防止岱海水环境继续恶化,根据流域特点提出了一些具体的防治对策和建议。  相似文献   

Pelagic trophic transfer efficiency in an oligotrophic, dimictic deep lake (Lake Stechlin, Germany) and its relation to fisheries yield     

Michael Schulz  Rainer Koschel  Claudia Reese  Thomas Mehner 《Limnologica》2004,34(3):264-273

We investigated trophic transfer efficiency in the pelagic food chain of deep, oligotrophic Lake Stechlin (Germany) by analyses of the primary, secondary, and fish production. Primary production between April and November 2000 was estimated at 78 g C m⁻², pelagic secondary production at 14 g C m⁻², and production of the main planktivorous fish species [European cisco, Coregonus albula (L.)] at 0.77 g C m⁻². Thus, trophic transfer efficiency between primary and pelagic secondary production was around 18%, whereas between pelagic and fish production around 6%. The high efficiency at the first step of the chain is discussed to be due to the high food quality in oligotrophic lakes due to the dominance of Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae rich in essential fatty acids. In turn, the relatively low trophic transfer efficiency between the secondary and the fish production is mainly explained by the avoidance of calanoid copepods as food source by the ciscoes. Concerning the trophic transfer efficiency, results from this study support the general assumption of a 10% transfer between neighbouring trophic levels within ecosystems.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton community structure in reservoirs of different trophic status, Northeast China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

马成学  于洪贤 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(3):471-481

The aim of this study was to determine the phytoplankton community structures of reservoirs of different trophic status, located in a cold region. Physical and chemical variables and the phytoplankton communities were investigated in two reservoirs (Xiquanyan Reservoir and Taoshan Reservoir) in Northeast China in 2009. The two reservoirs showed strong seasonal fluctuations in their physical and chemical composition. Results of the trophic status index indicated that Xiaquanyan Reservoir was mesotrophic, whilst Taoshan Reservoir was eutrophic. Diatoms were the dominant phytoplankton group in Xiquanyan Reservoir throughout all seasons of the study, while in Taoshan Reservoir, diatoms dominated in spring, and cyanobacteria dominated in summer and autumn. This difference was resulted from differences in local environmental factors, including nutrients and hydrology. This study suggests that in mesotrophic reservoirs, nutrients played a key role in controlling seasonal phytoplankton successions, whereas in eutrophic reservoirs water temperature was the key factor in a cold region. Notably, the dominant species in summer in the Taoshan Reservoir was Microcystis, which may produce toxins depending on the ambient conditions, and presenting a risk of local toxin contamination.  相似文献   

Trophic interactions, ecosystem structure and function in the southern Yellow Sea     

林群  金显仕  张波 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(1):46-58

The southern Yellow Sea is an important fishing ground, providing abundant fishery resources. However, overfishing and climate change have caused a decline in the resource and damaged the ecosystem. We developed an ecosystem model to analyze the trophic interactions and ecosystem structure and function to guide sustainable development of the ecosystem. A trophic mass-balance model of the southern Yellow Sea during 2000–2001 was constructed using Ecopath with Ecosim software. We defined 22 important functional groups and studied their diet composition. The trophic levels of fish, shrimp, crabs, and cephalopods were between 2.78 and 4.39, and the mean trophic level of the fisheries was 3.24. The trophic flows within the food web occurred primarily in the lower trophic levels. The mean trophic transfer efficiency was 8.1%, of which 7.1% was from primary producers and 9.3% was from detritus within the ecosystem. The transfer efficiency between trophic levels II to III to IV to V to >V was 5.0%, 5.7%, 18.5%, and 19.7%–20.4%, respectively. Of the total flow, phytoplankton contributed 61% and detritus contributed 39%. Fishing is defined as a top predator within the ecosystem, and has a negative impact on most commercial species. Moreover, the ecosystem had a high gross efficiency of the fishery and a high value of primary production required to sustain the fishery. Together, our data suggest there is high fishing pressure in the southern Yellow Sea. Based on analysis of Odum’s ecological parameters, this ecosystem was at an immature stage. Our results provide some insights into the structure and development of this ecosystem.  相似文献   

用稳定氮同位素分析广东硇洲岛海域金线鱼营养级   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈春亮  古汉基  杨国欢 《广东海洋大学学报》2013,(4)

应用稳定同位素方法测定广东硇洲岛海域的金线鱼(Nemipterus virgatus)鱼肉、鱼鳃、内脏团和鱼鳞的稳定氮同位素,并计算出营养级。结果表明,在规格较一致的情况下,金线鱼各部位δ15N值范围为10.09‰¹4.07‰,其中,鱼肉δ15N值范围为11.56‰14.07‰,其中,鱼肉δ15N值范围为11.56‰¹4.07‰,差值达2.51‰,平均为12.84‰;鱼鳃δ15N值范围10.41‰14.07‰,差值达2.51‰,平均为12.84‰;鱼鳃δ15N值范围10.41‰¹2.10‰,差值达1.69‰,平均为11.41‰;内脏团δ15N值范围10.09‰12.10‰,差值达1.69‰,平均为11.41‰;内脏团δ15N值范围10.09‰¹1.98‰,差值达1.89‰,平均为11.08‰;鱼鳞δ15N值范围10.10‰11.98‰,差值达1.89‰,平均为11.08‰;鱼鳞δ15N值范围10.10‰¹1.35‰,差值达1.25‰,平均为10.66‰。鱼肉、鱼鳃、内脏团、鱼鳞的δ15N值大小依次为:鱼肉、鱼鳃、内脏团、鱼鳞。由δ15N值推算出来金线鱼的营养级范围为2.4611.35‰,差值达1.25‰,平均为10.66‰。鱼肉、鱼鳃、内脏团、鱼鳞的δ15N值大小依次为:鱼肉、鱼鳃、内脏团、鱼鳞。由δ15N值推算出来金线鱼的营养级范围为2.46³.12,平均值为2.80,符合其主要摄食浮游和底栖动物的食性。  相似文献   

A Pilot Study of Trophic Level and Human Origins at the Xiaoshuangqiao Site, China (ca. 1400 BC) Using δD Values of Collagen     

WANG Ning  LI Suting  HU Yaowu  SONG Guoding 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(5):1884-1892

We present here a pilot study to examine trophic level effects and migration patterns at the middle Shang Dynasty site of Xiaoshuangqiao in Henan Province using δD results combined with δ13C and δ15N values. A total of 33 specimens (17 humans, 7 cattle, 5 pigs, 3 sheep, 1 dog) of bone collagen were isotopically analyzed for δ13C, δ15N, and dD values. A strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.94) between mean δ15N and δD values of herbivores (cattle and sheep), omnivores (pig), carnivores (dog) and humans was observed. The δD results were found to increase by ~10‰ to 20‰ from herbivores to omnivores to carnivorous, evidence that collagen δD results are a useful indicator for the study of trophic levels and dietary patterns at archaeological sites. The δD results were also used to examine the origins of two different groups of individuals buried at Xiaoshuangqiao. Individuals buried in sacrificial pits of district V had mean δD values (?47.0 ± 2.9‰, n = 11) that were significantly (p = 0.049) elevated compared to the people buried in the stratigraphy of district IX (?51.3 ± 3.3‰, n = 3), indicating that they were ingesting water from different locations. In addition, the D values of the people buried in the stratigraphy were similar to the pigs (?54.5 ± 4.2‰, n = 5) at Xiaoshuangqiao, suggesting that they were most probably of the local population, and that the individuals buried in the sacrificial pits were most possibly from the coast and prisoners of the Dongyi (“东夷”) people. Thus, δD results have the potential to examine human origins and migration patterns and should be increasingly used in conjunction with δ13C and δ15N values at archaeological sites.  相似文献   

应用物质平衡模型模拟一个半封闭海湾的营养结构和能流特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

韩东燕  薛莹  张崇良  任一平 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(10):60-69

The marine ecosystem of the Jiaozhou Bay has degraded significantly in fisheries productivity and its ecological roles as spawning and nursery ground for many species of commercial importance has been declining in recent years. A mass-balanced trophic model was developed using Ecopath with Ecosim to evaluate the trophic structure of the Jiaozhou Bay for improving ecosystem management. The model were parameterized based on the fisheries survey data in the Jiaozhou Bay in 2011, including 23 species groups and one detritus group according to their ecological roles. The trophic levels of these ecological groups ranged from 1(primary producers and detritus) to4.3(large demersal fishes). The estimated total system throughput was 12 917.10 t/(km~2·a), with 74.59% and25.41% contribution of the total energy flows from phytoplankton and detritus, respectively. Network analyses showed that the overall transfer efficiency of the ecosystem was 14.4%, and the mean transfer efficiency was 14.5%for grazing food chain and 13.9% for detritus food chain. The system omnivory index(SOI), Finn's cycled index(FCI) and connectance index(CI) were relatively low in this area while the total primary production/total respiration(TPP/TR) was high, indicating an immature and unstable status of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem. Mixed trophic impact analysis revealed that the cultured shellfish had substantial negative impacts on most functional groups. This study contributed to ecosystem-level evaluation and management planning of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem.  相似文献