中国蛤蜊Mactra chinensis Philippi稚贝运动行为学初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

李金泽  胡志  王晓龙  李永仁  郭永军  张涛 《海洋科学》2023,47(12):63-68

为从行为学角度解释中国蛤蜊(Mactra chinensis Philippi)的跑滩现象, 研究了规格、温度对其跳跃行为以及底质、流速和周期性干露对其潜沙行为的影响。结果表明, 中国蛤蜊运动能力与其规格和水温有关, 3 mm稚贝不具备跳跃能力, 5 mm以上具备跳跃能力; 跳跃频率和高度随水温的升高呈上升趋势。中国蛤蜊稚贝潜沙比例均随时间推移逐渐上升; 各时间节点中国蛤蜊稚贝在细沙底质的潜沙比例最高, 中沙底质次之, 粗沙底质最低。施加微弱水流后, 中国蛤蜊稚贝潜沙速度和比例显著增加; 流速增大到一定程度后部分稚贝被水流冲走, 潜沙比例随之下降。周期性干露会导致中国蛤蜊稚贝从底质中爬出, 干露时间越长, 爬出比例越高。干露后的稚贝重新放置于海水中, 部分稚贝会在水面漂浮一段时间后再下落至水底, 漂浮比例随干露时间的增加而增加。本研究从行为学角度初步查明了中国蛤蜊跑滩现象, 为解决中国蛤蜊防跑滩问题提供了思路。  相似文献   

高分辨率数字航测相机现状和思考   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

常本义 《测绘科学与工程》2005,25(3):1-4

本文根据国内外数字航测相机发展的实际情况，对于新型数字航测相机视场角、影像分辨率、像移补偿、摄影间隔和影像存贮器容量、相机系统的动态定位与定向以及真彩色与多光谱摄影等技术问题进行了分析并给出了相应的结论。  相似文献   

In situ cosmogenic ¹⁰Be dating of the Quaternary glaciations in the southern Shaluli Mountain on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau     

Wang Jian  Raisbeck Grand  Xu Xiaobin  Yiou Francios  Bai Shibiao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(12):1291-1298

It is generally considered that four-times ice age happened during the Quaternary epoch on the Tibetan Plateau. However, the research on the chronology of the four-times ice age is far from enough. The Shaluli Mountain on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau is an ideal place for plaeo-glacier study, because there are abundant Quaternary glacial remains there. This paper discusses the ages of the Quaternary glaciations, based on the exposure dating of roche moutonnée, moraines and glacial erosion surfaces using in situ cosmogenic isotopes ¹⁰Be. It is found that the exposure age of the roche moutonnée at Tuershan is 15 ka, corresponding to Stage 2 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope, suggesting that the roche moutonnée at Tuershan is formed in the last glacial maximum. The exposure age of glacial erosion surface at Laolinkou is 130–160 ka, corresponding to Stage 6 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope. The oldest end moraine at Kuzhaori may form at 421–766 kaBP, corresponding to Stages 12–18 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope. In accordance with the climate characteristic of stages 12, 14, 16 and 18 reflected by the deep-sea oxygen isotope, polar ice cores and loess sequence, the oldest end moraine at Kuzhaori may form at stage 12 or stage 16, the latter is more possible.  相似文献   

在EXCEL上自动计算岩层厚度     

刘祁生姜海华  陈文华 《中国煤田地质》2006,18(3):26-28

岩层厚度的计算是野外地质工作内业整理和地质分析中的一项经常性工作，传统的工作方法往往要花费地质人员大量的时间和精力。利用EXCEL电子表格中的函数关系，通过编辑公式进行岩层厚度的计算，从而能正确、简单、快捷地完成此项工作，大大地提高野外地质人员的内业整理工作效益。  相似文献   

恩施球粒陨石热历史及原始氩特征     

王松山  桑海清  裘冀 《地质论评》1997,43(3):303-309

H_s型恩施球粒陨石K-Ar年龄为4503±91Ma,~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar坪年龄为4518±8Ma,总气体年龄为4515±23Ma,等时线年龄为4505±16Ma,年龄的一致性表明该陨石未经受过明显的热扰动,它是我国首次发现的Ar保存年龄高达45亿年以上的陨石。陨石形成早期有过短期的快速冷却。陨石母体在4.66±0.04Ma时破裂。恩施球粒陨石原始捕获(~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar)_t为0.89±0.44,推测4.5Ga前太阳风中~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar近于l。  相似文献   

Effects of copper exposure on the scope for growth of the clam Ruditapes decussatus from southern Portugal     

P. Sobral  J. Widdows 《Marine pollution bulletin》1997,34(12):992-1000

The clam Ruditapes decussatus L. was collected from Ria Formosa, Faro, southern Portugal, and exposed to a sublethal copper concentration of 0.01 mg l⁻¹ for 20 days. Physiological measurements, respiration rates, clearance rates and absorption efficiency, were undertaken initially and after 2, 5, 9, 14 and 20 days and used to calculate Scope for Growth. Copper accumulation rate was calculated through the analysis of copper in the tissues at the same sampling times. The experiment showed two phases. Initially, copper was rapidly accumulated (1.95 μg Cu g⁻¹ dw day⁻¹ in the first 48 h), clearance rates declined markedly (lowest value 13.5% of control) and respiration rates increased (116% of control), resulting in a rapid decline of Scope for Growth, which showed a negative value after 5 days. In the second phase, (from day 9 on), the rate of copper uptake declined to 0.55 μg Cu g⁻¹ day⁻¹ and physiological responses were more stable. After 20 days, copper concentration in the tissues was 38.4 μg Cu g⁻¹ dw (bioconcentration factor 3840). Clearance rates were 50% of control rates and respiration rates were still high, 145% of control rates. Therefore, Scope for Growth and performance of the clams was still greatly affected (ca. 23% of the control values), indicating that though animals partially recovered through detoxifying mechanisms, excess copper caused sustained impairment of physiological functions. This experiment confirms that the physiological energetics approach and the integrated Scope for Growth measurement is a sensitive methodology to detect deviations from normal performance and assess stress at environmental realistic copper concentrations.  相似文献   

多波段摄影监测海面油溢的实验     

鲍士柱  徐庚庆 《遥感学报》1989,(3)

本文介绍了用船载多波段摄影对海面油溢进行监测的实验。实验表明,海水与油膜的光谱反射虽然较低,但在0.3—0.5微米光谱区却有较大的对比度,可获取清晰的油溢图像。实验还表明,选择最佳光谱段组合,从光谱近紫外区到红区均能获取海面油溢图像,其中以紫蓝光谱区最为理想,近紫外区和蓝绿光谱区次之,红区较差。 本实验为水面环境污染监测和科学研究提供了一种较好的实时监测手段。  相似文献   

Timing of deglaciation on the northern Alpine foreland (Switzerland)     

Susan Ivy-Ochs  Jörg Schäfer  Peter W. Kubik  Hans-Arno Synal  Christian Schlüchter 《Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae》2004,97(1):47-55

  相似文献   

交通性体力活动与空气污染暴露交互作用下的健康综合效应评价——以南京市为例     

许燕婷  冯建喜  陈曦 《地理研究》2021,40(7):1963-1977

针对空气污染问题严重的中国,仅单纯的强调主动式干预建成环境来促进居民体力活动水平,但可能造成居民长期暴露于有害气体中,反而使得居民的健康效益受损。为此,本文以南京市为例,尝试从个体视角分析居民进行交通性体力活动所收获的健康效益。研究发现,并不是只要进行体力活动就是有益身体健康的,需要根据不同的天气状况而定。在空气质量比较好的情况下,体力活动的健康效益占主导地位,而在空气质量比较差的情况下,居民进行体力活动的健康效益不能抵消空气污染暴露造成的危害,活动越多,健康风险越高;在城市内部不同建成环境中进行体力活动的健康效应差异显著,老城区居民交通性体力活动的健康效益高于新城区和主城区,新城区空气污染暴露的健康负效益高于老城区和主城区,而老城区居民进行交通性体力活动的健康“净”效益大于新城区,主城区次之;不同交通小区的健康效应差异显著,体力活动健康“净”效益的热点集聚区是在功能集聚、交通便捷和绿地、水体景观覆盖率较高的区域,而靠近城市主干道、隧道等交通复杂的区域和工业园区是体力活动健康“净”效益的冷点集聚区。本文以期为提出更高效、合理的土地利用规划、设施布局与制定相关的交通政策提供科学依据。  相似文献   

传统村落景观脆弱性及其定量评价——以湖南省新田县为例   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4  

邹君  刘媛  谭芳慧  刘沛林 《地理科学》2018,38(8):1292-1300

以脆弱性理论为基础,提出传统村落景观脆弱性的概念,从“内损性-暴露性”2个维度构建传统村落景观脆弱性定量评价指标体系,通过实地踏勘、文献查阅、问卷调查和访谈等方法获取数据,对湖南省新田县的3个典型传统村落进行定量评价。结果表明：① 3个案例村落的景观脆弱度均为中等脆弱等级：谭文溪村脆弱性最大,河山岩村次之,黑砠岭村脆弱性最小。② 从脆弱度得分贡献来看,系统内部结构是影响传统村落脆弱性的主要驱动因素,暴露性是次要因素。内部结构因素中,民俗文化和传统建筑是主因;外部扰动因素中,旅游开发是主因。③ 从各要素的相对脆弱率看,民俗文化、旅游开发和城镇化分列前3位,是当前传统村落脆弱性最明显、脆弱程度最深的影响因素。④ 评价结果与实际情况比较吻合,说明评价指标体系和评价方法具有一定的可信度。  相似文献