Lake-Sediment Evidence for Local and Remote Sources of Atmospherically Deposited Pollutants on Svalbard   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

N.L. Rose  C.L. Rose  J.F. Boyle  P.G. Appleby 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2004,31(4):499-513

Twenty-one lakes along the west coast of Svalbard were cored between 28 July and 14 August 1995. Five cores were ²¹⁰Pb dated and analysed for spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs), indicators of deposition from fossil-fuel combustion sources, and trace metals. Surface and pre-industrial levels of five cores were analysed for 10 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) isomers and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds, whilst all 21 surface sediments were analysed for SCPs. Temporal and spatial trends in the atmospheric deposition of pollutants were identified. Whilst temporal patterns of deposited pollutants may have been truncated due to concentrations falling below the limits of detection, spatial patterns showed elevated levels of SCP, PAH, PCB, and possibly Pb within 60–70 km of Isfjord. Tenndammen (U), the closest site to Longyearbyen, showed the highest levels of contamination for all pollutants. Differences in the deposition patterns of PAH and PCB are thought to be due to local sources of PAH from coal combustion whilst PCB sources are remote. It is concluded that the impact from atmospheric deposition on Svalbard is due to a combination of spatially limited local sources superimposed on a broad-scale, long-range pattern.  相似文献   

The Consequences of the Oder Flood in 1997 on the Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Oder River     

Gesine Witt  Peter Gründler 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2005,33(4):301-314

Changes in the levels and spatial distribution of PAHs as a consequence of the Oder flood in the summer of 1997 were investigated in post‐flood sediments from the Oder River and the Oder Lagoon. The aim of this study was to identify sources of the PAH pollution and in particular investigate polluted sites (“hot spots”) in the most highly suspected locations of the drainage area. Molecular indices based on isomeric PAH ratios and the ratio of the parent PAHs to methylated PAHs were used to distinguish between the pollution sources. Elevated levels of PAHs were discovered in the post‐flood sediments of the Oder River in comparison to the average regional values. Elevated concentrations of PAHs were also found in fluffy layer samples taken from the Oder Lagoon and the Pomeranian Bight in late August. The highest concentrations of PAHs were observed near power plants or roads with heavy traffic. Most of the contamination originates from high temperature pyrogenic sources with some slight overlays of petrogenic sources. These increased concentrations of pyrogenic origin may be attributable to flooding of municipal and industrial waste disposal areas in the Oder River drainage.  相似文献   

Naphthalene and phenol degradation by Flavobacterium sp. DQ398100 and Pseudomonas putida, DQ399838 isolated from petroleum polluted soil     

Hassan E. Abd-Elsalam Elsayed E.Hafez Essam A. Zaki 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):83-84

The solubilization and degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in soil was amending by many microorganisms. One of these microorganisms is Bacteria, which were isolated from different contaminated areas at Kafer El Zyat City, Gharbia governorate, Egypt. Wastes samples were collected and bacterial isolation was carried out using enriched media technique. More than 78 isolates were obtained and the degradation capability was examined for all of them. Fingerprinting was carried out for all the isolates using REP-PCR and the obtained results grouped them into 10 groups. Two bacterial strains from the isolated bacteria were showed high degradation talent and specificity for the type of the polyaromatic hydrocarbons （naphthalene or phenol）. Pseudomonas putida （DQ399838） and Flavobacterium sp. （DQ398100） were identified and their degradation capacity was examined using real time method. Strain P. putida showed degradation rate for naphthalene reached to 50% after 20 hours from inoculation. However, Flavobacterium sp. reached 50% rate of degradation after 17 hours from inoculation time. Whenever, the soil degradation rate can be enhanced by adding these adapted bacteria to the soil and amendment of these bacteria which will help in bioremediation technology.  相似文献   

Petroleum and PAH contamination of the Black Sea   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

Readman JW  Fillmann G  Tolosa I  Bartocci J  Villeneuve JP  Catinni C  Mee LD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(1):48-62

Concern has been expressed regarding the extent of contamination of the Black Sea. Analyses of coastal sediments taken from throughout the region indicate, however, that levels of petroleum hydrocarbons (2-300 microg g(-1) dry wt total hydrocarbons) are generally comparable to those encountered in the Mediterranean and are lower than concentrations reported for highly contaminated areas such as the Gulf, Hong Kong, Taiwan and New York Bight. Highest concentrations of total hydrocarbons (>100 microg g(-1) dry wt) were associated with discharges from Odessa, Sochi and the River Danube. Chronic/degraded petroleum was the major contributor at these sites. Samples from the Ukrainian coastline were comparatively clean (<10 microg g(-1) dry wt total hydrocarbons). Major contributions of fresh oil (as indicated by sigma n-C14-34) occur through the River Danube. Concerning total PAH, concentrations (7-638 ng g(-1) dry wt) compare to relatively unpolluted locations in the Mediterranean and are much lower than levels reported for polluted UK estuaries (e.g. Mersey, Tyne, Thames). Both pyrolytic and petrogenic PAH are present in most samples, although petroleum derived PAH are dominant at Sochi and pyrolytic sources are prevalent in the Bosphorus region. The absence of a correlation between total hydrocarbons and PAH (R2 = 0.04) indicates different primary sources for the two.  相似文献   

Evaluation of two direct immunoassays for rapid detection of petroleum products on marine birds     

Fritcher DL  Mazet JA  Ziccardi MH  Gardner IA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(5):388-395

To reduce rehabilitation time and improve survival, a practical, objective test is needed to determine if marine birds are contaminated with oil before they enter captivity. The RaPID Assays and EnviroGard immunoassays for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil were evaluated for their ability to detect petroleum on feather samples from 30 intermediate fuel oil contaminated and 30 uncontaminated common murres (Uria aalge). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, precision, and time required to run each assay were determined. The RaPID Assays was 96.7% sensitive and specific, while the EnviroGard assay was 93.3% sensitive, and 90.0% specific. Sensitivity decreased at higher dilutions for both assays. Intra-replicate variation was less than 20%. Our evaluation showed that these immunoassays are rapid and cost-effective methods for detecting oil-contamination on the plumage of seabirds, with the EnviroGard assay being more practical in most oil spill response situations due to ease of use and rapidity of results.  相似文献   

原煤尾气和煤渣中多环芳烃相关性测定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张丽珠  刘永庆 《岩矿测试》1996,15(4):268-273

对原煤、尾气和煤渣中多环芳烃进行了相关性测试。在模拟工业锅炉代表性燃烧条件下将烟煤和无烟煤样品在管式炉中燃烧，分别采用ＧＣＭＳ和ＨＰＬＣ法对原煤、尾气和煤渣中的多环芳烃种类和含量进行了定性和定量测定。通过在特定条件下某一煤种中多环芳烃种类、含量在燃前、燃后变化的相关性，探索煤中多环芳烃在燃烧过程中的衍变规律  相似文献   

多环芳烃生物恢复技术的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李志萍  陈鸿汉  陈肖刚  陈爱玖  沈照理 《水文地质工程地质》2002,29(5):68-71

多环芳烃是一大类广泛存在于环境中的有机污染物，本文介绍了多环芳烃生物恢复的三种不同方法：就地耕作法，场外耕作法和塞流式污泥生物反应器，并对其研究现状和最新研究成果进行了归纳，总结和探讨。  相似文献   

Distribution and Fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments and Fluffy Layer Material from the Odra River Estuary     

G. Witt  E. Trost 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1999,27(5):308-315

The distribution and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface sediments (0...2 cm) and fluffy layer material of the internal and external coastal waters of the Odra river estuary (north-eastern Germany). The area includes the Odra Lagoon (Oderhaff), the Greifswalder Bodden, the Pomeranian Bight, and the Arkona Basin. Elevated concentrations were observed in the surface sediments of the internal coastal waters with highest concentrations in the Odra Lagoon. This indicates a significant contribution of river discharge to the contamination of sediments with PAHs. During the exceptional Odra flood in the summer of 1997 significantly higher concentrations of PAHs were found in the fluffy layer material of the Odra Estuary. The distribution of the individual PAH compounds varies widely depending on their structure and molecular weight. A concentration gradient of the lower molecular weight PAHs was found from the Odra Lagoon to the open sea areas. The concentrations decreased rapidly from the Oder Haff to the Arkona Basin. These results were found in both sediments and fluffy layer material. This is attributed to the degradation of the lower molecular weight PAHs during transport from the urban regions to the sedimentation basins. A decrease of this magnitude was not found for the higher molecular weight PAHs (i.e. benzo(a)pyrene) due to their higher persistence. An enrichment of these compounds was measured in the Arkona Basin.  相似文献   

Hydrocarbons in the Bay of Bengal and Central Indian Basin bottom sediments: indicators of geochemical processes in the lithosphere     

T. G. Chernova  Anil L. Paropkari  Yu. I. Pikovskii  T. A. Alekseeva 《Marine Chemistry》1999,66(3-4)

A study on the bulk distributions and molecular structures of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in organic matter of the sediments from the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern and Central Indian Basins was undertaken. The former two regions represent areas characterised by “normal” sedimentation while the third one mainly represents a region of “active tectonism”. Content of the hydrocarbons in the sediments of “normal” sedimentation ranges between 4.6 and 10.5 μg/g and aromatic hydrocarbons ranges between 0 and 0.38 μg/g. n-Alkanes in the sediments of the northern deep part of the Bay of Bengal consist mostly of long-chain structures (total C₂₅–C₃₃ up to 70%) with a high carbon preference index (CPI=3.01–3.43), indicating a large contribution of organic matter from terrigenous sources. The sediments from the Eastern Indian Basin have n-alkane distributions in which the long-chain components did not exceed 52.5% and the CPI was 1.7–1.90, indicating that the hydrocarbons are mostly derived from marine sources. Sharp increases of hydrocarbons are found in the vicinity of the tectonically active region of the Central Indian Basin, particularly in the sediments collected from the fracture zone. The total concentration of hydrocarbons increase to 170 μg/g and the aromatic hydrocarbons fraction to 156.3 μg/g. The proportion of short-chain n-alkanes increases up to 70%, CPI decreases to 0.76–1.12, and high concentrations of n-C₁₆ (16–40%) occur, all of which are absent in the other samples. The molecular content of PAH includes the unsubstituted individual structures: biphenyl, fluorene, pyrene, perylene, benzo(ghi)perylene, and the groups of homologues of naphthalene, benzofluorene, phenanthrene and chrysene. The association of the PAH and composition of paraffin hydrocarbons in the surficial sediments of deformation zone indicate that these are the resultant products of hydrothermal processes. It is, therefore, suggested that the association and composition of the hydrocarbons in sediments can be utilised as a paleoceanographic parameter to decipher the history of tectonism of an area.  相似文献   

Natural background and anthropogenic inputs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sediments of South-Western Barents Sea     

Stepan Boitsov  H.K.B. Jensen  Jarle Klungsyr 《Marine environmental research》2009,68(5):236-245

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were measured in sediment cores from 13 locations in South-Western Barents Sea as part of a detailed study of the Norwegian seabed under the MAREANO program. The generally low PAH levels found, an average around 200 ng g⁻¹ dry weight for sum PAH, indicate low inputs of petroleum hydrocarbons to the marine environment in the area. Differences in PAH composition and various PAH ratios indicate a natural, mostly petrogenic origin of PAH in sediments from the open sea locations, while the fjord locations show higher pyrogenic PAH contents with an increase towards upper sediment layers, indicating low inputs from human activities. Petrogenic PAH levels increase in deeper sediments at open sea locations, also when normalised to total organic carbon (TOC) contents, suggesting natural leakages of oil-related hydrocarbons in the area.  相似文献