基于GIS技术的武威市山洪灾害风险区划初探   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王荣喆  李玲萍  李文莉 《干旱气象》2013,(3):602-608

应用1971～2012年武威市各乡镇山洪灾害调查记录,以及武威市内78个区域气象站和4个自动气象站2008～2012年5-9月降水资料,通过对山洪灾害形成的动力条件、孕灾环境、降水背景的分析,确定临界雨量、地形因子、河网密度、汛期雨量、汛期降水日数、汛期中雨日数、汛期大雨日数为影响山洪灾害形成的主要因子,采用主成分分析方法建立武威市山洪灾害区模型。在ArcGIS软件的支持下,对各影响因子进行空间插值、栅格图层计算等操作,将武威市分为山洪灾害高发区、易发区、一般区和低发区4类,初步探索了武威市山洪灾害分布区划。分析表明,武威市山洪灾害由东南向西北递减,南部天祝县呈高发区,易发区主要在南部古浪县,中部平原凉州区为一般区,北部荒漠带民勤极少能形成山洪灾害,为低发区。  相似文献   

基于ALOS影像与CV模型的瞬时海岸线提取     

刘云朋  王建梅  楼立志 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(3):69-73

利用ALOS多光谱影像及CV模型对山东沿海3种不同类型海岸-人工海岸、砂质海岸、淤泥质海岸进行海岸线提取,为比较不同特征影像对海岸线提取效果的影响,对同一类型海岸又分为近红外影像、421彩色合成影像、NDWI影像、PCA影像并分别进行海岸线提取,最后利用缓冲区分析进行精度比较。分析得出:对于人工海岸、砂质海岸2种海岸,在一个像元缓冲区内,提取精度基本可以达到80%以上,2个像元内可达到95%以上;对于淤泥质海岸,4种特征影像的提取效果均比较差,只有NDWI影像在2个缓冲区内可达到87%;总体来说,NDWI影像提取的效果最好。  相似文献   

湄洲湾海域表层沉积物重金属含量的分布特征及潜在生态风险评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨丽虹  张杰宁  邓永智 《台湾海峡》2014,(4):567-573

根据2012年福建湄洲湾海域表层沉积物样品测定的7种重金属（Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Pb）含量数据,研究重金属在沉积物中的含量和空间分布特征,然后运用主成分分析法分析各重金属的主要来源,最后采用潜在生态危害指数法评价其污染程度和潜在生态危害.结果表明,相对第一类海洋沉积物标准,Cu、Zn、As和Pb含量均未超标,Cr超标21.2%.大部分重金属含量平面分布总体呈现东北往西南递减的趋势,体现陆源输入的影响,As、Zn及Pb在7号站位、Cu在8号站位出现高值区可能更多地联系于研究区域本身的背景特征.Cr、Co、Ni和Zn含量之间相关性显著,且Co、As和Zn含量也两两表现出显著正相关.主成分分析表明岩石的自然风化和侵蚀是Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn和As元素在研究区域表层沉积物的主要来源,Pb可能更多来源于海上交通航运和海水养殖.研究区域综合潜在生态危害为中等生态危害程度.  相似文献   

Digital Identification of Ecosystem Structure in the F?rt?na Valley of the Ka?kar Mountains in the Rize City of Turkey     

Cagasan KARACAOGLU  Selim Sualp CAGLAR 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):421-428

Identifying the structure of protected mountain ecosystems is an important task for understanding conservation sustainability. The study area, the F？rt？na Valley, located in the Rize City on the Eastern Blacksea Coast, is one of the biological hotspots and a National Park of Turkey. In order to identify the structure of mountain ecosystems, we generated a GIS database for the main environmental parameters of the study area, including elevation, slope and aspect layers for topographic structure, 10 year mean values of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index（NDVI）, data for vegetation structure, annual mean temperature and precipitation layers for climatic structure, main soil groups for soil structure and stream flow accumulation, stream flow length and stream order layers for hydrological structure .To identify the complex relations among environmental factors in the study area a data reduction method is applied with Principal Component Analysis （PCA）. PCA is performed using data of 16 layers from Geographical Information Systems （GIS）. PCA analysis reduced 16 dimensions into 5 dimensions containing 75% of the variation in all data. It is also revealed that the topographic structure, mainly altitude, dominates the ecosystems of the F？rt？na Valley, but it should be considered that the interactions of environmental factors in an ecosystem dynamics are very complex. The ecosystem structure is determined by the environmental factors direct or indirect effects on energy regulation of an ecosystem. Therefore the relationship between topographic elements and other abiotic-biotic elements in the Fcrtcna Valley are important for environmental assessment and sustainability of a protected area, and these effects are explained in this study.  相似文献   

湘江长沙段污染沉积物中微生物群落结构与污染物关联性的研究          下载免费PDF全文

高健  邓先余  许爱清  康健 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(2):237-243

采用ICP-AES测试方法及PCA和PCR-RFLP分析技术,研究了湘江长沙段污染沉积物中微生物群落结构（主要是古细菌群落结构）与污染物的关联性。结果表明：（1）三个取样区域的不同污染物的污染程度呈现出明显的差异性;（2）所取样点的微生物群落结构主要分布在广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）和泉古菌门（Crenarc...  相似文献   

Spatial distribution and corresponding determining factors of metal concentrations in surface sediments of Beppu Bay, southwest Japan     

Amano A  Kuwae M  Agusa T  Omori K  Takeoka H  Tanabe S  Sugimoto T 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(4):247-256

This study determined the factors contributing to the spatial distribution of 14 metal concentrations in the surface sediments of Beppu Bay on the basis of comparisons of the organic geochemical properties and environmental parameters through principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). The results of PCA and RDA showed that the concentrations of V, Cr, Co, and As were closely related to the distances between the sampling sites and the Oita River. This indicated that these metals originated from the river's drainage area. The Mn, Cu, Mo, and Cd concentrations were related to the water depth. These results indicated that the Mo, Cd, and Cu deposition processes were controlled by oxygen depletion, and that these elements accumulated in the deeper parts of the bay under anoxic conditions.  相似文献   

基于PCA+àstrous小波融合方法     

罗艳  刘荣  朱煜峰 《测绘科学》2009,34(6)

针对PCA变换融合影像存在较严重的光谱失真现象,以及àstrous小波融合影像保真度高,而空间分辨率相对低的情况,本文提出一种基于PCA+àstrous小波融合算法。新方法首先对将多波段图像经PCA变换至各不相关的成分,而后对高分辨率图像与低分辨率图像主成分按照特定融合规则进行融合处理,并使用该融合后的第一主成份分量来替代高分辨率图像与低分辨率图像进行àstrous小波融合,即PCA变换与àstrous小波变换相结合的融合处理方法。主观视觉分析和客观参数表明,新方法不仅很好的保留了影像的光谱信息,而且兼顾了地物细节能力的表达。  相似文献   

Influence of canopy density on snow distribution in a temperate mountain range     

J. I. López‐Moreno  J. Latron 《水文研究》2008,22(1):117-126

We analyse spatial variability and different evolution patterns of snowpack in a mixed beech–fir stand in the central Pyrenees. Snow depth and density were surveyed weekly along six transects of contrasting forest cover during a complete accumulation and melting season; we also surveyed a sector unaffected by canopy cover. Forest density was measured using the sky view factor (SVF) obtained from digital hemispherical photographs. During periods of snow accumulation and melting, noticeable differences in snow depth and density were found between the open site and those areas covered by forest canopy. Principal component analysis provided valuable information in explaining these observations. The results indicate a high variability in snow accumulation within forest areas related to differences in canopy density. Maximum snow water equivalent (SWE) was reduced by more than 50% beneath dense canopies compared with clearings, and this difference increased during the melting period. We also found significant temporal variations: when melting began in sectors with low SVF, most of the snow had already thawed in areas with high SVF. However, specific conditions occasionally produced a different response of SWE to forest cover, with lower melting rates observed beneath dense canopies. The high values of correlation coefficients for SWE and SVF (r > 0·9) indicate the reliability of predicting the spatial distribution of SWE in forests when only a moderate number of observations are available. Digital hemispherical photographs provide an appropriate tool for this type of analysis, especially for zenith angles in the range 35–55 . Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Patterns of remotely sensed floodplain saturation and its use in runoff predictions     

P. Matgen  A. El Idrissi  J.‐B. Henry  N. Tholey  L. Hoffmann  P. de Fraipont  L. Pfister 《水文研究》2006,20(8):1805-1825

Principal components analysis (PCA) is applied to a time series of European Remote Sensing (ERS) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scenes of the Alzette River floodplain (Grand‐Duchy of Luxembourg). These images cover markedly different hydrological conditions during several winter seasons in order to enable the examination of the decrease of the radar backscattering signal during drying‐up phases following important flood events. At the floodplain scale, with homogeneous land use and constant topography, the first principal components (PCs) are mainly dominated by the variance related to the changing areas. The PCs are thus mainly controlled by subsurface and surface water dynamics. The field observations of a densely equipped piezometric network in the floodplain are used to calculate a mean soil saturation index (SSI) continuously. A classification scheme, based on the PCs and k‐means algorithm, leads to the segmentation of the floodplain into several hydrological behaviour classes with distinctive responses versus changing moisture conditions. To validate this classification method with ground‐based estimations, the relation between the mean backscattering values of microplots within each PCA‐derived hydrological class and the water table measurements, expressed by means of the SSI, is evaluated. Results show that each class of microplots is characterized by the slope of the ‘backscattering–SSI’ function and by the SSI threshold value at which groundwater resurgence appears. The water ponding implies very low signal return due to the specular backscattering effect on the water surface. Based on established relationships between measured initial water table depths, runoff coefficients and rainfall‐induced water table rises, these results are used to discuss the potential of SAR‐derived information in flood management applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

太湖水质站网数据的主成分分析应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周雪丽  丁贤荣  程立刚 《地球信息科学学报》2008,10(2):142-146

本文采用主成分分析方法,对太湖湖区的水质站网数据进行了定量化研究,挖掘出对于表征水质状况的主成分变量贡献较大的水质指标,并分析了影响水质的主要原因和各个主成分的环境意义,最终求得主成分的综合得分并进行分级排序,结果表明:前四个主成分已经可以综合90%以上的因子信息,完全可以取代11个指标因子进行综合分析太湖湖区的水质状况。说明主成分分析方法克服了多维指标难以综合分析的缺陷,可能是未来水质综合分析的一种重要方法之一。  相似文献