A Terrain-Following Crystal Grid Finite Volume Ocean Circulation Model     

Peter?C.?ChuEmail author  Chenwu?Fan 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(6):945-952

A three dimensional hydrostatic finite volume ocean model has been developed to solve the integral dynamical equations. Since the basic (integral) equations are solved for finite volumes rather than grid points, the flux conservation is easily enforced, even on arbitrary meshes. Both upwind and high-order combined compact schemes can be incorporated into the model to increase computational stability and accuracy. This model uses a highly distorted grid system near the boundary. The lateral boundaries of each finite volume are perpendicular to x and y axes and the two vertical boundaries are not purely horizontal. Four types of finite volumes are designed to follow the terrain with four (Type-A), three (Type-B), two (Type-C), and one (Type-D) vertices in the lower surface. Such a terrain-following grid discretization has superior features to z- and σ-coordinate systems. The accuracy of this model was tested.  相似文献   

长英质富晶体火山岩成因——岩浆补给与晶粥再活化     

赵思狄  夏炎  徐夕生  贺振宇  赵凯 《岩石矿物学杂志》2023,42(6):878-893

火山是人类窥探深部岩浆系统的窗口。从全球范围来看,贫晶体富熔体的火山岩(尤其是玄武岩和流纹岩)大面积出露,而富晶体的长英质火山岩仅出露于破火山周围。长英质富晶体火山岩主要可分为两类：一类是成分和晶体含量均一的火山岩;另一类是成分和斑晶含量分带的火山岩。富晶体火山岩是冷储存晶粥接受岩浆反复补给后重熔、再活化,重新具备流动能力而喷发形成的,储库中先存物质的成分决定了再活化形成的富晶体火山岩的类型。富晶体火山岩的存在能够很好地解释岩浆储库具有较长的寿命而岩浆汇聚结晶的过程却是迅速的这种看似矛盾的现象。虽然近年来长英质富晶体火山岩的研究已经取得了明显的进展,但仍有许多问题亟待解决,如碎斑熔岩的成因,如何判别晶粥活化,晶粥再活化与火山喷发的关系,岩浆补给和晶粥活化的时间尺度等。对富晶体火山岩的进一步研究将有助于深入揭示熔体演化、运移、在浅部的聚集和喷发的机制,并可为建立更完善的长英质岩浆演化模型提供更多信息。  相似文献   

Chang’E-1 gamma ray spectrometer and preliminary radioactive results on the lunar surface     

Meng-Hua Zhu  Tao Ma 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(12):1547-1554

The Chang’E-1(CE-1) spacecraft took a gamma-ray spectrometer (hereafter, CGRS) to detect the element distributions on the lunar surface in a circular, 200 km altitude, polar orbit with approximately 2 h periodicity. CGRS consists of two large CsI(Tl) crystals as the main and anticoincidence detectors. The large CsI crystal of CGRS has a higher detector effective area than other lunar gamma ray spectrometers. For its 1-year mission, gamma ray spectra including many peaks of major elements and trace elements on the lunar surface have been measured by CGRS. Global measurement within 0.55-0.75 MeV is given here to describe the distribution of radioactive composition (e.g., uranium and thorium) on the lunar surface. Although CGRS has a lower energy resolution that cannot separate the uranium peak from others in this energy region, 609 keV uranium gamma ray line dominates the shape of the spectrum in this energy region. Therefore, the radioactive map can indirectly describe the uranium distribution on the lunar surface. The radioactive map shows that the higher radiation is concentrated in the Procellarum KREEP Terrene (PKT) on the nearside with an oval shape. The secondary high-radiation is located in South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin. Lunar highlands have lower concentration. The relationship between radiation and topography displays different linear correlations for lunar highlands and SPA basin, which imply the different processes for these two regions.  相似文献   

离子晶体晶形与介质环境关系讨论          下载免费PDF全文

王铁军 《地质找矿论丛》2010,25(4):282-285,295

为了探讨离子晶体晶形与介质环境的关系,文章引入两个重要概念——离子生长机制与分子生长机制,并以黄铁矿和萤石为例,探讨了在不同介质条件下,两种生长机制对晶体形态的影响。  相似文献   

电解二氧化锰制备条件与晶体结构及电气性能的关系Ⅱ．不同电解液体系的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

连锦明  童庆松等 《矿物学报》2001,21(3):489-492

在MnSO4-H2SO4和MnCl2-HCl电解液体系中分别制备出电解二氧化锰（EMD），并在该二电解液中制备出掺杂MnO2样品，而后用X射线衍射确定其晶型为MnO2-γ，用扫描电镜观察其表面形貌，用XPS研究掺钛EMD表层物种，用模拟电池在实验室中快速检测掺杂样品的电性能，进而探讨了不同电解液体系中制备所得MnO2与其晶体结构及电气性能的关系。  相似文献   

镁橄榄石多晶体的烧结－热压合成     

王子潮 《地震地质》1995,17(2):132

采用可控热力学环境高温炉和活塞圆筒式等静压高温实验装置合成矿物多晶体的烧结－热压技术，以镁橄榄石多晶体的合成为例，讨论了技术细节和样品的成岩机制，此技术可以合成得到ｃｍ量级、化学和矿物组分可控的多晶体岩石样品。这些人工合成的多晶体结构均匀，密度能够达到其理论值的９８％以上  相似文献   

利用工业废镍催化剂制结晶硫酸镍的研究     

廖戎  万积秋 《矿物岩石》1995,15(3):87-89

本文扼要介绍利用工业废镍催化剂制结晶硫酸镍的实验研究。实验结果表明，其产品质量达到国家标准，回收率达８８％。  相似文献   

大别山绿辉石晶体结构的再研究—兼与谢窦克等同志商榷   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郭卫东  罗谷风 《地质论评》1995,41(4):311-319

谢窦克等曾测定了大别山一个绿辉石的晶体结构，认为它具Ｐ２／ｃ空间群；四面体链分别呈ＳＡ和ＯＢ扭转；Ｍ阳离子日位全部为６次配位的八面体：Ａｌ在所有这四种晶位另均有相当多的占有率，为绿辉石的新型结构。本文对该资料再研究后确认其真实空间群为Ｐ２／ｎ；结构中仅有一种Ｏ旋转的四面体链；Ｍ２和Ｍ２晶位为８次配位；Ａｌ全部进入Ｍ１（１）晶位，Ａｌ－Ｍｇ呈完全有序分布，属典型的Ｐ２／ｎ有序绿辉石。本文给出了重新计  相似文献   

Synchysite－（Y）（新奇钙钇矿）的晶体结构     

王立本  周康靖 《岩石矿物学杂志》1995,14(4):336-344

新奇钙钇矿［ｓｙｎｃｈｙｓｉｔｅ－（Ｙ）］，ＹＣａ（ＣＯ＿ｓ）Ｆ，经单晶Ｘ射线魏森堡法研究表明属单斜晶系，空间群为Ｃ２／ｃ，由四圆衍射仪精化求得的晶胞参数为：ａ＝１２．０３９（３），ｂ＝６．９５０（１），ｃ＝１８．４３６（６），β＝１０２．４５（２）°。在四圆衍射仪上采用ＭｏＫα辐射收集的三维衍射数据，已经劳伦兹偏振因子校正，未做吸收校正。总共１０１９个衍射点的强度数据，应用全矩阵最小二乘法对结构进行了精化，经各向异性温度因子校正后，Ｒ因子为０．０８６。新奇钙钇矿具有（００１）层状结构特征，Ｃａ层和（ＹＦ）层由碳酸根层隔开。层的堆垛方式与Ｃ２／ｃ白云母类似，其中Ｃａ层与白云母中的Ｋ层相对应，ＣＯ＿３层和（ＹＦ）层则分别对应于白云母中的四面体层和八面体层。由于Ｃａ层上下两边的ＣＯ＿ｓ层的相对错动，形成了类似于２Ｍ＿２白云母的堆垛多型结构。  相似文献   

Automatic identification of rocks in thin sections using texture analysis     

Li Wang 《Mathematical Geology》1995,27(7):847-865

This paper presents a test of the automatic identification of photomicrographs of rocks in thin sections using digital image processing and texture analysis. Three sets of textural measures derived respectively from the cooccurrence matrix, texture space, and texture spectrum have been used to identify six rock types (mylonite, diorite porphyry, diorite. gabbro, granite, and peridotite). Exploring only the texture characteristics of images, the average correct recognition rate reaches 89% for 58 photographs belonging to the six types. The results also show the importance of using those more discriminating texture features in the classification algorithm. For the present study, the average rate of correct classification ranges from 46% to 89% depending on the set of texture measures used. The features extracted from the texture spectrum have more discriminating performance than the conventionally used Haralick measures derived from the cooccurrence matrix.  相似文献