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Thomas K. Nielsen Hans Christian Larsen John R. Hopper 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,200(3-4):271-286
We present new and reprocessed seismic reflection data from the area where the southeast and southwest Greenland margins intersected to form a triple junction south of Greenland in the early Tertiary. During breakup at 56 Ma, thick igneous crust was accreted along the entire 1300-km-long southeast Greenland margin from the Greenland Iceland Ridge to, and possibly 100 km beyond, the triple junction into the Labrador Sea. However, highly extended and thin crust 250 km to the west of the triple junction suggests that magmatically starved crustal formation occurred on the southwest Greenland margin at the same time. Thus, a transition from a volcanic to a non-volcanic margin over only 100–200 km is observed. Magmatism related to the impact of the Iceland plume below the North Atlantic around 61 Ma is known from central-west and southeast Greenland. The new seismic data also suggest the presence of a small volcanic plateau of similar age close to the triple junction. The extent of initial plume-related volcanism inferred from these observations is explained by a model of lateral flow of plume material that is guided by relief at the base of the lithosphere. Plume mantle is channelled to great distances provided that significant melting does not take place. Melting causes cooling and dehydration of the plume mantle. The associated viscosity increase acts against lateral flow and restricts plume material to its point of entry into an actively spreading rift. We further suggest that thick Archaean lithosphere blocked direct flow of plume material into the magma-starved southwest Greenland margin while the plume was free to flow into the central west and east Greenland margins. The model is consistent with a plume layer that is only moderately hotter, 100–200°C, than ambient mantle temperature, and has a thickness comparable to lithospheric thickness variations, 50–100 km. Lithospheric architecture, the timing of continental rifting and viscosity changes due to melting of the plume material are therefore critical parameters for understanding the distribution of magmatism. 相似文献
154.
Chen Po-fang 《地震学报(英文版)》2002,15(5):519-525
To improve the accuracy of the numerical evaluation through the 3-D finite difference method, the surface boundary conditions
are added to modify the old program. The author has tested the new program by making calculations for the model constructed
by Wanamaker, et al (1984). The comparison between the numerical results obtained from this paper and those by Wannamaker, et al (1984) indicates that a pronounced improvement is realized in the evaluation of the horizontal magnetic components. Moreover,
better calculations for the vertical magnetic components are also obtainable by using the new program. 相似文献
155.
We study the October 18, M
W = 7.1, 1992 Atrato earthquake, and its foreshocks and aftershocks, which occurred in the Atrato valley, northwestern Colombia. The main shock was preceded by several foreshocksof which the M
W = 6.6, October 17 earthquacke was the largest. Inparticular, we examine foreshocks and aftershocks performing joint-hypocenter relocations using high quality Pn and Sn wave readingsfrom permanent regional networks. We observed a few hours prior to the main shock a sudden increase of foreshocks. Maybe this could be used as a predictor since foreshocks have been known for other major events in the region. Our locations align for 90 km with a trend of 5° ±4° in agreement with the Harvard CMT solution showing the faultplane trending 9° to be the plane of rupture. In relation to theepicenter of the main shock, maximum intensities were located to thesouth, consistent with a rupture that traveled from north to south witha larger energy release in the south as suggested by an empirical Green'sfunction study (Li and Toksöz, 1993; Ammon et al., 1994). The boundarybetween the Panama and North Andes blocks has been placed close to thePanama-Colombia border as either a sharp boundary or a diffuse zone. TheAtrato earthquake, however, shows that the plate boundary between thePanama and North Andes microblocks is a diffuse deformation zone. Thiszone has a width of at least 2° stretching from 78°W to 76°W. Quantification of earthquake moment release (during the past30 years) in this zone shows a similar amount of moment release in thewestern and eastern parts of this zone. 相似文献
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山东省省际边界地区发展研究 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
省际边界地区有其自身的发展特点,对于区域的发展起着特殊的作用。文章分析了山东省省际边界地区的特点,并根据康维斯(P.D.Converse)断裂点理论,对山东省及周边中心城市的引力范围进行了计算,比较分析了目前山东省省界城市和省内城市吸引范围及竞争力差异,提出了山东省发展省际边界地区的相应对策。 相似文献
160.
我国入境旅游的特点和发展趋势分析 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
入境旅游人数以及旅游(外汇)收入是衡量一个国家旅游实力和开放程度的重要指标。本文在回顾中国入境旅游发展历史的基础上,通过对我国20多年入境旅游方面有关指标的分析总结了我国入境旅游具有增长的持续性、波动性和阶段性,入境旅游发展的脆弱性和集中性等特点。针对入境旅游未来的发展趋势提出加快我国入境旅游发展的建议。 相似文献