琼州海峡成因与时代   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

赵焕庭  王丽荣  袁家义 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2007,27(2):33-40

琼州海峡的成因有海岸侵蚀说、构造断裂说和海侵低地说,海南岛与雷州半岛分离的时代有上新世、第四纪初、中更新世之前、中更新世之后或全新世等几种说法。分析了琼州海峡地质、海洋和区域古生物地理等新资料后认为,琼州海峡不是断裂谷,其前身是常态低地,是在全新世中期全球性海侵淹没峡区原来的常态低地而成的,主要形成时段为(10570±560)～(7125±96)aBP;推算自琼州海峡形成以来,中央深槽下切平均速度为0.7cm/a,西口外潮流三角洲堆积平均速率为0.17～0.31cm/a。  相似文献   

龟山岛附近海底热液自然硫烟囱体的硫同位素研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘长华  曾志刚 《海洋与湖沼》2007,38(2):118-123

利用稳定同位素质谱仪对龟山岛附近海底热液自然硫烟囱体分层取样的硫同位素分析,获得了自然硫烟囱体的硫同位素特征。结果表明,龟山岛附近海底热液自然硫烟囱体的δ34S值变化不大,幅宽只有0.913,说明自然硫的来源较为单一,受控因素相对较少。根据硫同位素值的特征,划分出三种类型的烟囱体,它们是由热液流体中的硫同位素值和海水与烟囱体外壁的反应来控制,Ⅰ型烟囱体、Ⅱ型烟囱体的外壁与海水发生化学反应,形成一定量的自然硫沉淀,烟囱体的生长是向内、向外两个角度同时生长;Ⅲ型烟囱体则主要是向内一个角度生长。热液流体中的δ34S值(H2S)随时间的变化是由于海水端元和玄武岩端元不同比例的混合所致。  相似文献   

Comparison of ground- and aerial-based approaches for quantifying polygonal terrain network geometry on Earth and Mars via spatial point pattern analysis     

Tim Haltigin  Wayne Pollard 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(12):1636-216

Recently, a particular statistical method - spatial point pattern analysis (SPPA) - has been introduced as an effective means by which qualitative, observable variations in polygonal terrain network arrangements on Earth and Mars can be quantified. A number of ground- and aerial-based techniques are available from which to derive the required input data: the spatial (x-y) coordinates of all polygon trough intersections within the site. However, each of the data collection methods may contain some level of error. Thus, the overarching question addressed by this research is: “how are the results of SPPA affected by the method by which the input data were generated?” At two polygonal terrain sites in the Canadian High Arctic, we performed ground-based surveys using differential and non-differential Global Positioning Systems (GPS) as well as photogrammetric analysis of aerial and satellite images of varying resolution to determine the trough intersection coordinates. It was found that the most robust statistical results were produced when using data from a combination of differential GPS surveys and high-resolution (∼0.25 m/pixel) aerial images. Images of pixel size ≥1 m were found to be unsuitable for this type of analysis. With respect to the investigation of similar Martian landforms, HiRISE and MOC images of polygonal terrain sites in southwestern Utopia Planitia were analyzed. Our results show that it is strongly preferable to perform SPPA using HiRISE images, though an empirical model is outlined that could be used to correct for errors arising from the reduced resolution inherent to MOC images.  相似文献   

Small-scale instabilities of an island wake flow in a rotating shallow-water layer     

Samuel Teinturier  Alexandre Stegner  Henri Didelle  Samuel Viboud 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2010

  相似文献   

人为热源对城市热岛效应影响的数值模拟试验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

霍飞  陈海山 《气象与减灾研究》2010,33(3):49-55

利用耦合了单层城市冠层模型UCM的中尺度模式WRF,研究了人为热源对上海区域城市气候的影响。冬季地表温度的模拟结果表明,使用新陆面资料的试验效果要好于使用旧的陆面资料,加入人为热源的试验效果要优于没有加入人为热源的试验,这些反映了热岛效应是不断增加的城市面积和人为热源共同决定的。不同试验模拟的2 m高度上气温的模拟情况时,使用新陆面资料并且加入合理人为热源的试验模拟值明显大于其他试验的模拟值。  相似文献   

养马岛西南海域泥沙运移及近岸演化态势研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

薛佐  印萍  王文海 《海岸工程》2005,24(1):19-28

养马岛西南海域近30年来发生普遍淤积,海域海底淤积速率平均为1．5cm／a,局部可达10cm／a。鱼鸟河以东岸线向海推进速度约1～6m／a。海域表层沉积物有整体细化的趋势,该海域的快速淤积与海岛的屏蔽消能以及海堤的拦截作用有关。海底淤积对取水口的设计方案有明显影响,分析了工程海域动力、泥沙、海岸及近岸演化态势,并对取水口设计方案进行了论证。  相似文献   

巢湖流域典型站点的风场特征分析     

殷长秦  王体健  石春娥  魏文华 《南京气象学院学报》2012,35(2):249-256

研究巢湖流域流场特征对于认识该地区热量、水汽交换和水流运动规律具有重要意义。利用2006年合肥、肥东、巢湖、庐江站以及姥山岛自动气象站的风场资料,分析了巢湖流域典型站点的风速和风向变化特征。结果表明,陆面站点年平均风速为2.17m/s,湖面站点风速为2.41m/s。所有站点春夏季风速大于秋冬季,陆上风速具有明显的日变化,白天风速大于夜间,而湖面风速日变化较不显著。陆面站点风向季节变化明显,春夏季以偏南风为主,秋冬季以偏北风为主,春夏季的风向日变化特征较秋冬季明显,湖面站风向没有明显的季节变化。陆面站点不同程度地受到湖陆风的影响,距离湖面较近的站点受到的影响较大。湖面和陆面站点风向差距平与气温差距平的日变化保持一致,表明湖陆温差是影响巢湖流域湖陆风的关键因子。  相似文献   

海南岛西部燕山期逆冲推覆构造特征     

陈沐龙  李孙雄  曾雁玲 《矿产与地质》2009,23(2)

海南岛燕山期逆冲推覆构造有NE向有军营-红岭构造带、戈枕构造带。两构造带都倾向NW,具有由NW往SE向逆冲推覆的运动学特征。在生成时间上,戈枕构造带略早,而军营-红岭逆冲构造带略晚,属于后从式逆冲推覆构造体系。其生成与印支块体和亚洲板块的相互作用有关。该逆冲推覆构造的厘定,为深入研究海南岛燕山阶段构造环境转化及其控矿作用具有重要的地质意义。  相似文献   

利用分层分类法进行厦门岛城市地表分类研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林永善  曹文志 《城市地质》2009,4(2):23-26

本文利用分层分类法把厦门岛城市地表分为七类,并对分类结果进行了验证。在TM图像光谱特征分析和归一化差异型指数分析结论上,提出分层分类法的分类步骤。利用ERDAS的专家分类器逐类地提取地表类型,并利用掩膜法将原图像上新提取地类所对应区域掩膜掉,使得分类过程越来越容易。分层分类法避免了一次划分多种类别方法,在选择波段组合上的矛盾。精度评价结果表明,总分类精度90．9％,达到分类要求标准。  相似文献   

Late Paleozoic volcanic record of the Eastern Junggar terrane, Xinjiang, Northwestern China: Major and trace element characteristics, Sr–Nd isotopic systematics and implications for tectonic evolution   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zhaochong Zhang  Gang Zhou  Timothy M. Kusky  Shenghao Yan  Bailin Chen  Li Zhao   《Gondwana Research》2009,16(2):201

The Eastern Junggar terrane of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt includes a Late Paleozoic assemblage of volcanic rocks of mixed oceanic and arc affinity, located in a structurally complex belt between the Siberian plate, the Kazakhstan block, and the Tianshan Range. The early history of these rocks is not well constrained, but the Junggar terrane was part of a Cordilleran-style accreted arc assemblage by the Late Carboniferous. Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks of the northern part of the east Junggar terrane are divided, from base to top, into the Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Formation (Fm.), Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm., Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm., Early Carboniferous Nanmingshui Fm. and Late Carboniferous Batamayineishan Fm. We present major element, trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses of 64 (ultra)mafic to intermediate volcanic rock samples of these formations. All Devonian volcanic rocks exhibit remarkably negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies on the primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams, and are enriched in more highly incompatible elements relative to moderately incompatible ones. Furthermore, they have subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios, and their Zr/Nb and Sm/Nd ratios resemble those of MORBs, characteristics of arc-related volcanic rocks. The Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Fm., Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., and Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm. are characterized by tholeiitic and calc-alkaline affinities. In contrast, the Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm. contains a large amount of tuff and sandstone, and its volcanic rocks have dominantly calc-alkaline affinities. We therefore propose that the Jiangzierkuduke Fm. formed in a mature island arc setting, and other Devonian Fms. formed in an immature island arc setting. The basalts from the Nanmingshui Fm. have geochemical signatures between N-MORB and island arcs, indicating that they formed in a back-arc setting. In contrast, the volcanic rocks from the Batamayineishan Fm. display geochemical characteristics of continental intraplate volcanic rocks formed in an extensional setting after collision. Thus, we propose a model that involves a volcanic arc formed by northward subduction of the ancient Junggar ocean and amalgamation of different terranes during the Late Paleozoic to interpret the formation of the Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the Eastern Junggar terrane, and the Altai and Junggar terranes fully amalgamated into a Cordilleran-type orogen during the end of Early Carboniferous to the Middle–Late Carboniferous.  相似文献