Atmospheric and soil moisture controls on evapotranspiration from above and within a Western Boreal Plain aspen forest   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

S. M. Brown  L. Chasmer  C. Mendoza  M. S. Lazerjan  S. M. Landhäusser  U. Silins  J. Leach  K. J. Devito 《水文研究》2014,28(15):4449-4462

The Western Boreal Plain of North Central Alberta comprises a mosaic of wetlands and aspen (Populus tremuloides) dominated uplands where precipitation (P) is normally exceeded by evapotranspiration (ET). As such these systems are highly susceptible to the climatic variability that may upset the balance between P and ET. Above canopy evapotranspiration (ET_C) and understory evapotranspiration (ET_B) were examined using the eddy covariance technique situated at 25.5 m (7.5 m above tree crown) and 4.0 m above the ground surface, respectively. During the peak period of the growing seasons (green periods), ET_C averaged 3.08 mm d^?1 and 3.45 mm d^?1 in 2005 and 2006, respectively, while ET_B averaged 1.56 mm d^?1 and 1.95 mm d^?1. Early in the growing season, ET_B was equal to or greater than ET_C once understory development had occurred. However, upon tree crown growth, ET_B was lessened due to a reduction in available energy. ET_B ranged from 42 to 56% of ET_C over the remainder of the snow‐free seasons. Vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and soil moisture (θ) displayed strong controls on both ET_C and ET_B. ET_C responded to precipitation events as the developed tree crown intercepted and held available water which contributed to peak ET_C following precipitation events >10 mm. While both ET_C and ET_B were shown to respond to VPD, soil moisture in the rooting zone is shown to be the strongest control regardless of atmospheric demand. Further, soil moisture and tension data suggest that rooting zone soil moisture is controlled by the redistribution of soil water by the aspen root system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

胡杨种子出苗对沙埋和供水条件的响应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

安桂香  曾凡江  刘波  刘镇  张晓蕾 《中国沙漠》2011,31(2):436-441

为探讨胡杨种子出苗对沙埋和供水条件的响应,对其进行0 cm、0.2 cm、0.3 cm、0.5 cm 4个沙埋深度和4.4 mm、8.8 mm、17.6 mm、22.1 mm、26.5 mm 5个供水处理。结果表明:①沙埋深度、供水量及两者的交互作用对出苗率的影响均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）;②供水条件一致时,种子出苗的适宜埋深为0～0.3 cm,埋深为0.5 cm时出苗率为0;③埋深0 cm和0.3 cm时,每天供水量17.6 mm和每两天供水量22.1 mm下的出苗率均显著高于其他处理;埋深为0.2 cm时,每天供水量8.8 mm和每两天供水量26.5 mm下的出苗率显著高于其他供水量（P<0.05）;④胡杨种子出苗较为适宜的沙埋深度和供水量条件是埋深0.3 cm、每天供水量17.6 mm或每两天供水量22.1 mm。  相似文献   

内蒙古东部地区小叶杨物候变化与气象条件的关系   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

杨丽桃  侯琼 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(6):39-44

利用数理统计方法对近20-30 a内蒙古东部主要牧业试验站的气候变化及小叶杨的物候变化进行探讨,研究小叶杨的物候变化与气象条件的关系。结果显示：近20-30 a来大于等于0℃的初日提早,终日推后,积温显著增加。上半年的物候现象(花芽开放期、展叶始期、展叶盛期和开花始期)提前;下半年物候现象(叶全变色期、落叶末期)及开花盛期均推迟。小叶杨自然物候现象存在着明显的地域性差异。小叶杨上半年的物候期与气温呈显著负相关,而下半年的物候期与气温呈显著正相关;物候期变化对温度的响应较强,其关系有可能是非线性的。日照和降水对物候期变化的影响,由于其地理位置和生育时段的不同而呈现各不相同的关系。小叶杨物候期的变化对降水和日照的响应不明显。  相似文献   

艾比湖胡杨宽度年表建立及其环境意义   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

尚华明  魏文寿  袁玉江  喻树龙  于瑞德  高翔 《中国沙漠》2008,28(5):815-820

  在艾比湖东岸采集了3个样点的胡杨树芯标本,建立了艾比桦和东大桥两个采样点的树轮宽度年表（STD,RES和ARS年表）,年表长度分别为196 a和210 a,并分析了年表的特征。对树轮标准年表与精河气象站的温度、降水量进行的相关分析发现,温度和降水对胡杨年轮宽度生长的影响较小,没有达到显著相关,表明该区域的降水和温度都不是树木生长的主要限制条件。艾比湖湖面面积变化、沙尘暴日数与树轮宽度指数的相关分析表明,艾比湖湖面面积与轮宽指数呈反向变化,而沙尘暴日数与轮宽指数呈显著正相关,特别是精河站年沙尘暴日数与东大桥当年（t）、次年（t＋1）和再次年（t＋2）的标准年表指数的相关系数分别达到0.31、0.61和0.57,且后两项通过了0.01显著性检验,表明二者受到共同环境因素的制约。可能由于东大桥采点位于河道附近,地下水位较高（1.4～2.7 m）,在高湖面时期,与之对应的较高的地下水位反而制约了胡杨的生长,而在湖面较低的年份,地表干燥而裸露,沙尘暴频发,地下水位较低,更适宜胡杨的生长。  相似文献   

Using stable isotopes to quantify water sources for trees and shrubs in a riparian cottonwood ecosystem in flood and drought years   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lawrence B. Flanagan  Trina E. Orchard  Tyler N. Tremel  Stewart B. Rood 《水文研究》2019,33(24):3070-3083

Riparian cottonwood forests in dry regions of western North America do not typically receive sufficient growing season precipitation to completely support their relatively high transpiration requirements. Water used in transpiration by riparian ecosystems must include alluvial groundwater or water stored in the potentially large reservoir of the unsaturated soil zone. We used the stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of stem xylem water to evaluate water sources used by the dominant riparian cottonwood (Populus spp.) trees and shrubs (Shepherdia argentea and Symphoricarpos occidentalis) in Lethbridge, Alberta, during 3 years of contrasting environmental conditions. Cottonwoods did not exclusively take up alluvial groundwater but made extensive use of water sourced from the unsaturated soil zone. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of cottonwood stem water did not strongly overlap with those of alluvial groundwater, which were closely associated with the local meteoric water line. Instead, cottonwood stem water δ¹⁸O and δ²H values were located below the local meteoric water line, forming a line with a low slope that was indicative of water exposed to evaporative enrichment of heavy isotopes. In addition, cottonwood xylem water isotope compositions had negative values of deuterium excess (d‐excess) and line‐conditioned (deuterium) excess (lc‐excess), both of which provided evidence that water taken up by the cottonwoods had been exposed to fractionation during evaporation. The shrub species had lower values of d‐excess and lc‐excess than had the cottonwood trees due to shallower rooting depths, and the d‐excess values declined during the growing season, as shallow soil water that was taken up by the plants was exposed to increasing, cumulative evaporative enrichment. The apparent differences in functional rooting pattern between cottonwoods and the shrub species, strongly influenced the ratio of net photosynthesis to stomatal conductance (intrinsic water‐use efficiency), as shown by variation among species in the δ¹³C values of leaf tissue.  相似文献   

额济纳旗胡杨林旅游气象条件分析     

张斯莲  王海鹰  陈秀莲  常佩静  杨宗英 《内蒙古气象》2013,(4):32-34

针对胡杨林观赏旅游对气象条件依赖性强的特点,利用额济纳旗1981—2010年气象观测资料,初步分析额济纳旗胡杨林旅游最佳时间和各气象要素对本地区旅游出行的影响,为合理安排旅游时间提供理论依据。研究表明:①额济纳旗胡杨林景区的旅游期一般在9月下旬至10月下旬之间,旅游黄金时间为10月5日至10月17日(近30a平均时间);②额济纳旗胡杨林旅游时节降水、风速对旅游出行影响不大,但游客应要做好白天的防晒、降温、保湿的同时要做好夜晚户外活动的保暖等相应的准备。  相似文献   

胡杨(Populus euphratica)树干液流特征及其与环境因子的关系     

赵春彦  司建华  冯起  鱼腾飞  李炜 《中国沙漠》2014,34(3):718-724

以2012年4—10月实测数据,对黑河下游胡杨树干液流特征及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析。结果表明:在整个生长季,胡杨(Populus euphratica)树干液流速率日变化具有明显的昼夜节律性,夜间存在明显的树干液流以补充白天蒸腾损失的大量水分,恢复植物体内的水分平衡;与其他天气条件下树干液流速率特征比较,阴雨天液流启动时间推迟,液流停止时间提前,液流历时缩短,且峰值显著缩小;树干液流的季节变化特征表现为液流速率在夏季的启动时间、到达峰值的时间、液流停止时间均早于春季和秋季;单株蒸腾耗水表现出明显的季节性格局,4月和10月中下旬耗水量较低,5—8月为主要耗水期,占整个生长季的75%;日间液流速率主要受到土壤含水量、水汽压差、光合有效辐射、相对湿度和气温的影响,夜间液流速率主要受到水汽压差、相对湿度的影响,整个生长季胡杨树干液流主要受光合有效辐射、土壤水分、气温和相对湿度的影响。  相似文献   

输水漫溢对塔里木河中游胡杨林恢复的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王振  李均力  张久丹  吴浩儒  郭雪飞 《干旱区地理》2023,46(1):94-102

生态输水是胡杨林保护专项行动的重要举措,分析输水漫溢对胡杨林恢复的影响是评估生态修复成效的关键。以塔里木胡杨国家级自然保护区为研究对象,采用密集时序遥感技术对2016年胡杨林保护专项行动实施以来的生态输水进行动态监测,定量分析漫溢水面和漫溢频次对胡杨林植被盖度变化的影响。结果表明：(1)漫溢水面主要存在于8—9月,年漫溢面积最大为246.7km²,最小为70.5 km²,在空间分布上呈现北多南少、下游大于上游的格局。(2)2016—2021年保护区胡杨林植被盖度从18.88%增加至19.61%,其中输水漫溢面占比65%的塔里木河北岸呈增加趋势,而南岸呈减小趋势。(3)输水漫溢区植被盖度的平均增长速率最高可达未输水区的4～5倍,当输水漫溢频次为3次时,植被盖度的增长速率显著提高。  相似文献   

荒漠河岸林胡杨养分状况研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

曹生奎  冯起  司建华  张秀风  刘蔚  常宗强 《中国沙漠》2011,31(5):1131-1140

对荒漠河岸林胡杨叶片有机碳(C)、全氮(N)、全磷(P)和全钾(K)等化学组分在生长季不同月份和不同微生境间的变化以及它们彼此间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,胡杨叶片C,N,P和K的变化范围分别为39.08%～46.16%,0.28%～2.81%,0.05%～0.18%和0.35%～2.03%,平均值依次为43.51%,1.49%,0.102%和1.17%。叶片C/N,C/P和N/P的变化范围分别为16.26～146.61,258.08～908.67和2.89～26.67,平均值依次是37.24,466.27和15.14。叶片平均N含量显著低于全国落叶树平均N含量,P含量与全国落叶树的平均P含量较为接近。胡杨叶片C/N明显高于全球陆生植物的C/N比值;N/P比值说明胡杨生长受到氮和磷元素的共同限制。在生长季,胡杨叶片C、N、P和K含量总体表现为下降趋势,最高值出现在5月,最低值出现在9月;微生境间,C,N,K含量和N/P比值从河岸低地,河岸平地,河岸沙堆,戈壁到沙丘间逐渐升高;C/N趋势恰好相反,P含量没有太明显的变化。叶片C含量与N、K含量均呈极显著正相关,与P含量呈弱正相关,N-K和P-K均呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

瓜州绿洲胡杨种群结构与动态研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘普幸  张杰 《中国沙漠》2012,32(2):407-412

在瓜州四工和桥子天然胡杨林区设置两个样方,采用相邻格子法进行每木调查,建立胡杨种群年龄结构和存活曲线,分析其动态量化特征。结果表明,研究区胡杨种群的年龄结构不完整,大体呈偏正态分布型,为衰退种群。不同生境胡杨种群年龄结构差异显著。其中,桥子缺失幼苗和Ⅷ-Ⅺ级大树、老树,幼树较多,中树最多,占总数的84.91%,林分年轻,十分稠密、相对矮小;四工幼苗和Ⅲ级中树缺失,幼树甚少,中、大树比例高,分别占总数的51.27%和45.57%,林分偏大,相对稀疏、高大。胡杨种群存活曲线基本接近Deevey I型,为下降种群;幼、中树存活率较高,大树、老树存活率很低。桥子的存活率明显高于四工。胡杨种群发育过程存活数量的动态量值计算表明,幼、中树的动态量值为负值,变化幅度大;大、老树为正值,变化幅度小,种群总体为衰退的结构动态关系。总之,研究区胡杨种群未来因幼苗缺乏而趋于衰退演替,且以四工胡杨种群的演替速度更快。  相似文献