不同立地条件下胡杨叶片稳定碳同位素组成及水分利用效率的变化   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

曹生奎  冯起  司建华  刘蔚  曹广超  陈克龙  朱锦福 《冰川冻土》2012,34(1):155-160

研究了黑河流域下游额济纳荒漠河岸不同立地条件下胡杨(Populus euphratica Olivier)叶片稳定碳同位素组成及水分利用效率的变化特征. 结果表明: 5个典型样地中, 胡杨叶片δ¹³C值在(-25.80～±0.05)‰～(-29.19～±0.05)‰间变化, 均值为(-27.70～±0.13)‰; 就生长季胡杨叶片δ¹³C均值而言, 沙丘样地具有最高的δ¹³C值, 其次为戈壁样地, 最低值出现在河岸低地. 样地间δ¹³C值的差异主要是由样地间土壤含水量和地下水埋深的不同导致的; 整个生长季胡杨叶片δ¹³C值在样地间表现为2种变化趋势. 5个典型样地生长季胡杨水分利用效率在(60.41±0.47)～(95.46±0.47) μmolCO₂·(mmolH₂O)^-1间波动变化, 其平均值为(75.69±1.37) μmolCO₂·(mmol H₂O)^-1, 从水分利用效率波动范围和平均值可以看出, 胡杨是个具有高水分利用效率的物种. 从河岸低地到河岸沙堆再到戈壁、沙丘, 随着土壤含水量逐渐下降, 地下水埋深逐渐加深, 胡杨逐渐提高了其水分利用效率.  相似文献   

造林对沙地土壤微生物的数量、生物量碳及酶活性的影响     

王少昆  赵学勇  张铜会  李玉强  连杰  黄文达  云建英 《中国沙漠》2013,33(2):529-535

对科尔沁沙地流动沙丘中林龄为20年左右的樟子松（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica）和小叶杨（Populus simonii）人工林表层土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量碳和酶活性进行了研究,流动沙丘作为对照。研究表明:樟子松和小叶杨人工林可以显著改善流动沙丘土壤性状,对沙丘土壤微生物活性具有显著的促进作用;土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量碳和酶活性均表现为小叶杨林>樟子松林>流动沙丘。樟子松和小叶杨林地土壤微生物总数分别是对照的50.16倍和72.48倍,三者差异显著;樟子松和小叶杨林地土壤微生物生物量碳分别是对照的23.67倍和33.34倍,林地与对照差异显著;两种林地土壤脱氢酶、过氧化物酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、纤维素酶活性分别是对照的19.00倍和27.54倍、4.78倍和9.89倍、4.05倍和8.67倍、29.93倍和37.46倍、9.66倍和13.42倍,林地与对照差异显著。在科尔沁沙地,人工种植适合当地气候特点的乔木,不仅可以改善流动沙丘土壤性状和微生物活性,而且还能起到固定流动沙丘的目的,樟子松和小叶杨是当地值得推广种植的防风固沙树种。土壤微生物量商（Cmic∶C）是一个衡量林地土壤稳定性和有效性较好的指标,从林地土壤养分有效性、林木稳定性和可持续性等方面综合考虑,樟子松比小叶杨更具优势。  相似文献   

新疆塔里木河下游胡杨不同叶形水势变化研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

付爱红  陈亚宁  李卫红 《中国沙漠》2008,28(1):83-88

 以塔里木河下游生态输水后胡杨披针形叶和宽卵形叶作为实验材料,对这两种异形叶水势的日、月变化规律进行了比较研究。结果表明,两种异形叶水势的日变化趋势基本一致,大体上略呈单峰形,在午后14：00—18：00期间出现全天最低值;胡杨两种异形叶水势的月变化趋势也大体相同,表现为从5—8月阿拉干断面胡杨两种异形叶水势均呈先降低后增高的趋势;亚合浦马汗断面B1和B2井位处胡杨叶水势呈逐渐增高趋势,B3井位处胡杨披针形叶水势先降低后增高,7月最低。运用国际通用软件SPSS10.0对气温、地下水埋深与胡杨两种异形叶水势之间的关系进行了相关性分析,发现它们之间存在显著的相关关系。该研究对了解不同环境因子对胡杨两种异形叶水势的影响效应以及生态输水对塔里木河下游不同断面局部小气候的调节和改善作用有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙丘-草甸过渡带人工杨树林蒸腾耗水特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闫雪  刘廷玺  吕扬  段利民  韩春雪 《中国沙漠》2016,36(6):1571-1579

采用热扩散茎流计和自动气象站对科尔沁沙丘-草甸过渡带人工杨树林的树干液流和环境因子进行长期连续监测。结果表明：不同天气条件下茎流速率差异明显,晴天各因子昼夜波动特征明显,雨天波动幅度小,阴天介于二者之间;不同天气类型影响茎流速率的主要气象因子不同,晴天茎流速率与净辐射相关性最高（偏相关系数为0.72）,阴天与气温相关性最高（偏相关系数为0.69）;整个生长季典型晴天日平均茎流速率近似服从二次曲线,夏季大于春季和秋季,不同月份茎流速率日内变化差异显著,表现在峰值大小、液流启动时间和峰值出现时间不同;林地供水充足,持续干旱和雨后茎流速率没有显著差异,杨树蒸腾所需水分主要来自地下水,地下水位在09：00-17：00下降明显,且茎流速率越大下降幅度越大;不同胸径杨树茎流速率对各气象因子的时滞时间相同,而不同月份茎流速率对各气象因子的时滞时间不同。  相似文献   

Nutrient status of Populus euphratica growing in desert riparian forests of northwestern China     

ShengKui Cao  Qi Feng  JianHua Si  XiaoYun Zhang  GuangChao Cao  KeLong Chen  JingFu Zhu 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(4):0310-0319

Seasonal and microhabitat variations of chemical constituents of foliar organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P), and total potassium (K), in Populus euphratica growing in desert riparian forests in northwestern China and their correlations were studied. Results show that ranges of C, N, P and K contents in the leaves of P. euphratica were 39.08%?46.16%, 0.28%?2.81%, 0.05%?0.18% and 0.35%?2.03%, with means of 43.51%, 1.49%, 0.102% and 1.17%, respectively. The ratio of C/N, C/P and N/P changed from 16.26 to 146.61, from 258.08 to 908.67 and from 2.89 to 26.67; the mean was 37.24, 466.27 and 15.14, respectively. The mean N content was significantly lower than of deciduous trees in China, but the mean P content was nearly equivalent. The ratio of C/N was remarkably higher than of global land plants. The ratio of N/P indicated that growth of P. euphratica was jointly limited by N and P nutrient deficiency. During the growth season, total trends of leaf C, N, P and K contents decreased. The maximum appeared in May, and the minimum in September. Among microhabitats, C, N and K contents gradually increased from riparian lowland, flatland, sandpile, Gobi and dune, but C/N ratio was opposite, and P content was not apparent. Foliar C content was extremely, significantly and positively correlated with N and K contents, respectively. The relationships of N-K and P-K were both significantly positive.  相似文献   

塔里木河下游人工胡杨林生态恢复过程的初步研究   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

古丽努尔·沙布尔哈孜  尹林克  严成 《干旱区地理》2004,27(3):384-387

在以植物群落调查样地为基础,对塔里木河下游不同林龄人工胡杨林的物种丰富度、物种多样性指数、群落均匀度、生态优势度等进行了分析,同时对土壤理化性质在21a间的变化情况也作了详细分析。通过分析,表明人工胡杨群落随着发育年限的增加,群落物种丰富度,物种多样性指数和均匀度指数不断增长,而群落生态优势度逐渐降低,同时土壤理化性质不断改善。在此基础上,对塔里木河植被的演变趋势作一初步的探讨和估计,从而对塔里木河下游植被的生态恢复也具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Physiological and growth responses of Populus davidiana ecotypes to different soil water contents   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

X. Zhang  N. Wu  C. Li   《Journal of Arid Environments》2005,60(4):567-579

Changes in dry matter accumulation and allocation, gas exchange, abscisic acid content (ABA) and water use efficiency (WUE) of three contrasting Populus davidiana ecotypes were recorded after exposure to five different soil water contents. The ecotypes used were from dry, middle and wet climate regions, respectively. In the controlled environment study, five different soil water contents which were watered to 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% field capacity were used, respectively. Significant differences in height growth (HT), total biomass (TB), total leaf area (LA), total leaf number (TLN), specific leaf area (SLA), root/shoot ratio (RS), net photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (C), transpiration efficiency (WUE_T) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i) between the ecotypes were detected under all soil water contents. Ecotypic differences in ABA and carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) were also detected under low soil water contents, but these differences were not significant under high soil water content. Compared with the wet climate ecotype, the dry climate ecotype had lower HT, TB, LA, TLN, SLA, A, E and C, and higher RS, WUE_T and WUE_i under all soil water contents. On the other hand, the dry climate ecotype also exhibited higher ABA and δ¹³C as affected by low soil water contents than the wet climate ecotype. These morphological and physiological responses to water availability showed that the different ecotypes may employ different survival strategies under drought at the initial phase of seedling growth and establishment. The wet climate ecotype possesses a prodigal water use strategy and quick growth, while the dry climate ecotype exhibits a conservative water use strategies and slow growth.  相似文献   

苏北杨树主要虫害与气象条件的相关分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴新胜  贾延安  盛桂莲  付云燕 《气象科学》2006,26(4):456-461

通过对1986~2001年苏北杨树主要虫害调查资料和1996~2001年在宿迁5县(区)试验资料的研究,分析了温度、湿度、降水、日照等气象要素对杨扇舟蛾、杨小舟蛾、杨二尾蛾、桑天牛、草履蚧、溃疡病等杨树主要病虫害的不同发育阶段的影响和两者之间的相关关系;探讨了温湿度综合指数K对杨舟蛾类害虫羽化开始期的指示意义;建立了草履蚧危害损失的气象要素估算方法。为杨树虫害的预报和防治提供有益帮助。  相似文献   

干旱胁迫条件下胡杨茎流与茎直径变化分析——以塔里木河下游英苏断面为例   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

何斌  李卫红  陈永金  徐长春  袁素芬  陈亚宁 《干旱区地理》2007,30(2):223-230

应用先进的PHYTALK植物生理生态监测系统对塔里木河下游英苏断面胡杨的茎流、相关环境因子以及茎直径的日变化进行了监测。结果表明:在极端干旱区塔里木河下游的胡杨茎流日变化表现多峰值,且夜晚仍保持一定流速;茎流变化受太阳辐射、风速和大气温度影响明显,而其它环境因子如空气湿度、土壤湿度等影响则不大;同时,日变化中,不同时段起主导作用的因子不尽相同。胡杨茎直径对植株水分状况响应灵敏,夜晚植株组织含水充足,茎直径相对较大,白天植株失水,茎直径减小;胡杨随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,茎直径日最大值和最小值都显明显下降趋势。  相似文献   

基于河-湖-库水系连通的孔雀河生态输水分析     

李卫红  吾买尔江.吾布力  何宇  朱成刚 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2019,13(1):130-135

本文结合对孔雀河流域水系分布和工程特点的分析,提出了基于河-湖-库水系连通的孔雀河流域抢救胡杨林生态系统的输水方案,并对输水水源、输水路线、输水水量以及输水最佳时间进行了探讨。提出采取跨流域河-河、河-湖、河-库水系连通的方式,提升水资源利用的有效性。当博斯腾湖水位在1046.5 m以上时,可以从博斯腾湖调水,分西线和东线两条路线,分别向孔雀河中游和下游输生态水,输水量在(0.8-1.0)×108 m3;而当博斯腾湖处于低水位运行时,建议从塔里木河调水,“引塔济孔”,由中线和南线两条路线分别向孔雀河中下游和下游输生态水,输水量在1.0×108 m3左右;输水时间以8月底-9月为宜,在输水过程中,需采取一定的工程措施,扩大输水的生态效益。  相似文献