A statistical analysis of the Two-Dimensional XMM–Newton Group Survey: the impact of feedback on group properties     

Ria Johnson  Trevor J. Ponman  Alexis Finoguenov 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(3):1287-1308

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AGN jet-induced feedback in galaxies – II. Galaxy colours from a multicloud simulation     

C. Tortora  V. Antonuccio-Delogu  S. Kaviraj  J. Silk  A. D. Romeo  U. Becciani 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,396(1):61-77

We study the feedback from an active galactic nucleus (AGN) on stellar formation within its host galaxy, mainly using one high-resolution numerical simulation of the jet propagation within the interstellar medium (ISM) of an early-type galaxy (ETG). In particular, we show that in a realistic simulation where the jet propagates into a two-phase ISM, star formation (SF) can initially be slightly enhanced and then, on time-scales of few million years, rapidly quenched, as a consequence both of the high temperatures attained and of the reduction of cloud mass (mainly due to Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities). We then introduce a model of (prevalently) negative AGN feedback, where an exponentially declining star formation is quenched, on a very short time-scale, at a time t _AGN, due to AGN feedback. Using the Bruzual and Charlot population synthesis model and our SF history, we predict galaxy colours from this model and match them to a sample of nearby ETGs showing signs of recent episodes of SF, see Kaviraj et al. We find that the quantity   t _gal– t _AGN  , where t _gal is the galaxy age, is an excellent indicator of the presence of feedback processes, and peaks significantly around   t _gal– t _AGN≈ 0.85 Gyr  for our sample, consistent with feedback from recent energy injection by AGNs in relatively bright  ( M _B≲−19)  and massive nearby ETGs. Galaxies that have experienced this recent feedback show an enhancement of 3 mag in  NUV ( GALEX ) − g   , with respect to the unperturbed, no-feedback evolution. Hence, they can be easily identified in large combined near UV-optical surveys.  相似文献   

Ionization state of cosmic hydrogen by early stars and quasars     

Xiao-Chun Mao 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2009,9(6)

Cosmic hydrogen is reionized and maintained in its highly ionized state by the ultraviolet emission attributed to an early generation of stars and quasars. The Lyα opacity observed in absorption spectra of high-redshift quasars permits more stringent constraints on the ionization state of cosmic hydrogen. Based on density perturbation and structure formation theory, we develop an analytic model to trace the evolution of the ionization state in the post-overlap epoch of reionization, in which the bias factor is taken into ac-count. For quasars, we represent an improved luminosity function by utilizing a hybrid approach for the halo formation rate that is in reasonable agreement with the published measurements at 2 z 6. Comparison with the classic Press-Schechter mass function of dark matter halos, we demonstrate that the biased mass distribution indeed enhances star formation efficiency in the overdense environment by more than 25 per cent following the overlap of ionized bubbles. In addition, an alternative way is introduced to derive robust estimates of the mean free path for ionizing photons. In our model, star-forming galax-ies are likely to dominate the ionizing background radiation beyond z = 3, and quasars contribute equally above a redshift of z ～ 2.5. From 5 ≤ z ≤ 6, the lack of evolution in photoionization rate can thus be explained by the relatively flat evolution in star formation efficiency, although the mean free path of ionizing photons increases rapidly. Moreover, in the redshift interval z ～ 2 - 6, the expected mean free path and Gunn-Peterson optical depth obviously evolve by a factor of ～ 500 and ～ 50 respectively. We find that the rel-ative values of critical overdensities for hydrogen ionization and collapse could be 430% at z ≈ 2 and 2% at z ≈ 6, suggesting a rapid overlap process in the overdense regions around instant quasars following reionization. We further illustrate that the absolute esti-mates of the fraction of neutral hydrogen computed from theoretical models may not be important because of comparable uncertainties in the computation.  相似文献   

The Impact of Mid- and High-Latitude Rossby Wave Activities on the Medium-Range Evolution of the EAP Pattern During the Pre-Rainy Period of South China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

施宁  布和朝鲁  纪立人  王盘兴 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2009,23(3):300-314

Based on the NCEP DOE AMIP II daily reanalysis data (1979–2005), the evolution of the East Asia/Pacific (EAP) teleconnection pattern during the pre-rainy period of South China is studied on the medium-range time scale. It is found that positive and negative EAP patterns share a similar generation process. In the middle and upper troposphere, Rossby wave packets emanating from the northeast Atlantic or Europe prop-agate toward East Asia along the Eurasian continent waveguide and finally give rise to the three anomaly centers of the EAP pattern over East Asia. Among the three anomaly centers, the western Pacific subtropical center appears the latest. Rossby wave packets propagate from the high latitude anomaly center toward the mid-latitude and the subtropical ones. The enhancement and maintenance of the subtropical anomaly center is closely associated with the subtropical jet waveguide and the incoming Rossby wave packets from the upstream. In the lower troposphere, Rossby wave packets emanate from the subtropical Asia toward East Asia. Positive and negative EAP patterns could not be regarded as "mirrors" to each other with simply reversed phase. For the positive pattern, the positive height anomaly center around the Scandinavia Peninsula keeps its strength and position during the mature period, and the Rossby wave packets thus propagate persistently toward East Asia, facilitating a longer mature time of the positive pattern. As for the formation of the negative EAP pattern, however, the incoming Rossby wave energy from the upstream contributes to both the enhancement and southeastward movement of the negative anomaly belt from the Yenisei River to the Bering Strait and the positive anomaly center around Mongolia. At the peak time, the two anomlous circulations are evolved into the Northeast Asia and the mid-latitude anomaly centers of the negative pat- tern, respectively. The energy dispersion of Rossby wave packets is relatively fast due to the predominant zonal circulation in the extratropics, causing a shorter mature period of the negative pattern. During the pre-rainy period of South China, the prevalence of the EAP pattern significantly affects the rainfall over the region south of the Yangtze River. The positive (negative) EAP pattern tends to cause positive (negative) precipitation anomalies in that region. This is different from the earlier research findings based on monthly mean data.  相似文献   

数值预报中自由度的压缩及误差相似性规律   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

郑志海  封国林  丑纪范  任宏利 《应用气象学报》2010,21(2):139-148

利用历史资料的有用信息提高数值模式预报水平是长期以来人们努力的目标。该文提出了一种在气候吸引子上缩小初始场自由度的相似选取方法,有效滤除了小尺度分量,避开了原有相似选取中自由度太大,相似选取困难的问题。分析表明:相似初值间的模式预报误差存在相似性,依此估计的预报误差与实际预报误差很接近。在空间分布特征上,相似初值间的模式预报误差也有很好的一致性。这为发展相似-动力方法,利用历史资料改进数值模式提供了支持。  相似文献   

二维格子气自动机模拟孔隙介质的电传输特性   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

岳文正  陶果  朱克勤 《地球物理学报》2005,48(1):189-195

本文应用2-D格子气自动机模拟饱和油水两相的多孔介质的导电特性。在油水两相界面处,引入反射与透射系数来决定粒子的运动状态,通过调节反射与透射系数就可以改变油水两相的导电性差异。用模拟结果考察Archie公式的地层因素F=R0/Rw和电阻率增大系数I=Rt/R0,其中,R0为百分之百饱和水时的岩石电阻率,Rw为水的电阻率,Rt为不同流体饮和度时的岩石电阻率。结果表明F与孔隙度φ间,I与含水饱和度间都存在幂关系,并可以表示为F=aφ-m,I=bS-nw模拟结果同时证实：公式中的参数a、m的变化反映了孔隙微观结构的变化,参数b、n主要受孔隙度大小和油相分布状态的影响。  相似文献   

随机溶洞介质模型及其波场模拟   总被引：13，自引：8，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

奚先  姚姚  顾汉明 《地球物理学进展》2005,20(2):365-369

提出了一种模拟构造随机溶洞介质模型的新方法.从现有的随机介质模型理论出发,以混合型连续随机介质的每一个局部最大值点作为一个溶洞分布区的中心点,本文引入了溶洞分布区的局部半径d和溶洞面积p这两个模型特征量,采用阀值截取方法模拟构造各种不同形式的随机溶洞介质模型.用局部半径d描述溶洞介质在大尺度上的离散程度,用溶洞面积p描述在各个溶洞分布区中溶洞介质的面积.通过选择从不同的混合型连续随机介质模型出发,选择不同的局部半径d和溶洞面积p,使用阀值截取法,我们可以最终得到能灵活、准确地描述实际复杂溶洞介质的各种随机溶洞介质模型.本文最后在各种不同形式的随机溶洞介质模型中,作了平面弹性波自激自收记录的数值模拟,并得出了一些结论.  相似文献   

海洋含水合物沉积层的速度频散与衰减特征分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张如伟  李洪奇  文鹏飞  张宝金 《地球物理学报》2016,59(9):3417-3427

随着水合物含量的增加,往往会引起纵、横波速度的增加,同时也会引起衰减的变化.针对含水合物沉积层的速度频散与衰减特征分析,有助于水合物含量的估计.本文以有效介质理论模型(EMT)为基础,研究了海洋未固结含水合物沉积层的纵、横波速度的非线性变化趋势.同时采用BISQ模型替代有效介质模型中的Gassmann方程,具体分析了全频带范围内海洋含水合物沉积层的速度频散与衰减特征.采用该模型,速度与衰减均随着水合物含量的增加而增加,且岩石孔隙度与泥质含量对衰减系数的影响较小.针对大洋钻探计划(ODP)164航次的实际数据,运用该模型方程计算采用声波测井数据(20kHz)与VSP数据(100Hz),分别获取了水合物稳定带的饱和度数据,平均在5%~7%之间,由于速度频散的影响,VSP估算结果要弱低于声波测井估算数据,均与实测保压取芯的甲烷含量数据、他人研究成果以及神经网络趋势预测结果均有着较好的一致性.对南海神狐海域三口钻位开展了水合物含量预测,与保压取芯结果有着较好的吻合关系.同时基于层剥离法提取该区域某地震测线BSR层的等效Q值,采用本文方法估算了该区域的等效天然气水合物含量15%~30%.数值模拟与实际应用结果表明:含水合物沉积层的速度频散与衰减特征均随着水合物含量的变化而变化,联合利用这一些变化特征,有助于天然气水合物含量的估计.  相似文献   

Thermo-mechanical coupling response of a layered isotropic medium around a cylindrical heat source     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

Based on the governing equations of the thermo-elastic problem, the analytical layer-elements of a finite layer and an underlying half-space are obtained using the Laplace-Hankel transform and the characteristic value method. The cylindrical heat source is divided into several micro cylindrical heat sources, which can be approximately simulated by plane heat sources. Then, the global stiffness matrix for the problem is assembled and solved in the transformed domain, and a Laplace-Hankel transform inversion is taken to obtain the real solution. Finally, the influence of heat source types, division numbers, embedded depths and layered properties on the thermo-mechanical coupling response is investigated.  相似文献   

Multi-Rate Mass Transfer (MRMT) models for general diffusive porosity structures     

《Advances in water resources》2015

We determine the relevance of Multi-Rate Mass Tansfer (MRMT) models (Haggerty and Gorelick, 1995) to general diffusive porosity structures. To this end, we introduce Structured INteracting Continua (SINC) models as the combination of a finite number of diffusion-dominated interconnected immobile zones exchanging with an advection-dominated mobile domain. It directly extends Multiple INteracting Continua framework (Pruess and Narasimhan, 1985) by introducing a structure in the immobile domain, coming for example from the dead-ends of fracture clusters or poorly-connected dissolution patterns. We demonstrate that, whatever their structure, SINC models can be made equivalent in terms of concentration in the mobile zone to a unique MRMT model. We develop effective shape-free numerical methods to identify its few dominant rates, that comply with any distribution of rates and porosities. We show that differences in terms of macrodispersion are not larger than 50% for approximate MRMT models with only one rate (double porosity models), and drop down to less than 0.1% for five rates MRMT models. Low-dimensional MRMT models accurately approach transport in structured diffusive porosities at intermediate and long times and only miss early responses.  相似文献