Geometrical simulation studies of coastal cliff failures in liassic strata,South Wales,U.K.     

A. T. Williams  P. Davies  P. Bomboe 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1993,18(8):703-720

Three numerical models of cliff failure have been developed, based on analyses of rockfalls along the 22 km Liassic coastline of the Glamorgan Heritage Coast, U.K. Detailed field investigation of the bucklandi (limestone dominated) and angulata (mudstone dominated) Lias series at four locations confirm the veracity of the models. Translation failure was correctly predicted at the mainly limestone buttressed cliff sites in the bucklandi and at locations where the angulata series formed a high proportion of the cliff mass. Toppling was predicted for vertical and overhanging cliffs with basal undercutting. The factor of safety reduces as the ratio of undercutting depth (d) to tension fracture distance (D) from the cliff face increases. Instability can be triggered by thrust forces generated by wave/tide impact, freeze/thaw and expansion/contraction associated with clay infill. Thrust forces can be modest, ranging from 1·7 to 2·7 MN m², but can exceed the cross-joint strength as weathering proceeds.  相似文献   

Identification of Strong Earthquake Sites in Hebei Region by Making Use of Cluster Method     

Fu Liping  Ma XiufangInstiture of Geophysics. SSB 《中国地震研究》1994,(3)

The Cluster and Hamming methods are used in this paper for a comprehensive study on geology,geomorphology,geophysical field,crustal deformation,active faults,regional stress axes and their relation in Hebei region.Fourteen potential seismic zones in which shocks with M≥6 may happen have been identified.Shocks with M≥6 have occurred in seven of them,and the others have been considered as a future strong earthquake areas.Both the K value and testing of deleting nodes show the stability of results obtained in this paper.The potential seismic zones identified in the paper fall into the areas of marked risk areas within 10 years in North China,but the scale of the identified zones is smaller.The Datong-Yanggao earthquake with M-6.1 occurred in October 1989 precisely in the 14th potential seismic zone mentioned above.  相似文献   

Inversion of potential field data     

P. S. Moharir 《Journal of Earth System Science》1990,99(4):473-514

The problem of inversion of potential field data is a challenging one because of the difficulty in obtaining a unique solution. This paper identifies various types of nonuniqueness and argues that it is neither possible nor necessary to remove all categories of nonuniqueness. Some types of nonuniqueness are due to human limitations and choice and these would always persist. Listing all the solutions, imposing additional constraints on the acceptable solutions, a priori idealization, use of a priori or supplementary information, characterizing what is common to all the solutions, obtaining extremal solutions, seeking a distribution of all possible solutions, etc. are various responses in the face of nonuniqueness. It is shown that merely the form of nonuniqueness is changed by all these techniques. Some algorithms, which should be used to obtain the global minimum of the objective function are discussed. The conceptual commonality underlying seemingly different approaches and the possibility of nonunique interpretations of the same numerical results due to different axiomatic contexts are both elucidated.  相似文献   

回归—马尔可夫链联合预测地震     

张启明 《地震研究》1991,(3)

本文将回归预测和马尔可夫链预测有机地结合起来,解决了单独使用回归预测时,理论值和实际值偏差较大的问题,提高了地震时间预测的精度。  相似文献   

位涡倾向在Muifa台风路径转折中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁敏  平凡  李国平 《大气科学》2018,42(2):281-291

利用ECMWF资料诊断分析了位涡倾向方程中的水平平流项和非绝热加热项分别在Muifa台风两次路径转折中的作用。结果表明:第一次路径转折过程中,非绝热加热项的量级比水平平流项小一个量级,水平平流项所表征的外部大尺度环流因素是第一次路径转折的主要原因;第二次路径转向过程由水平平流项和非绝热加热项共同控制,其中水平平流项控制台风的移向,非绝热加热项表征的内部非对称结构对台风转向有抑制作用。  相似文献   

一次飑线过程对流稳定度演变的诊断分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

周围  包云轩  冉令坤  王勇 《大气科学》2018,42(2):339-356

针对2016年5月2日发生在华东地区的一次飑线过程,利用WRF模式进行高分辨率数值模拟。在成功模拟飑线发生、加强和移动的基础上,对此次过程中对流不稳定特征以及引起对流稳定度变化的原因进行诊断分析。结果表明:（1）在降水发生前,低层大气表现为对流不稳定;降水发生后,对流不稳定能量得到释放,大气趋于稳定。为了分析引起对流稳定度变化的原因,推导了局地直角坐标系中相当位温垂直梯度的倾向方程,其中位势散度是引起位势稳定度局地变化的主要强迫项。在弱降水区,低层位势散度为负值,有利于增强位势不稳定;强降水区及其前沿为位势散度正值区,倾向于抑制位势不稳定。在强降水区低层,位势散度的主要分量为垂直风切变项,代表垂直风切变和大气湿斜压性的综合作用;高层的主要分量为散度项,代表水平散度和位势稳定度的耦合作用。（2）位势散度能综合表征降水区上空垂直风切变、大气湿斜压性、水平辐合辐散和大气位势稳定度变化等特征,因而与降水联系紧密。本文利用位势散度对飑线降水进行预报,结果表明,位势散度与小时观测降水在时间和空间上吻合较好,对降水区有一定的指示意义,可以为飑线降水业务预报提供参考。  相似文献   

基于GIS技术的江西德兴地区水系沉积物重金属污染的潜在生态危害研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈翠华  倪师军  何彬彬  张成江 《地球科学进展》2008,23(3):312-322

矿山开发必然对矿区及周边地区的生态环境造成危害。对矿山及其周边地区的生态环境进行现状调查和评价,为生态环境治理客观依据,显得极为重要。在江西德兴地区,系统采集该区域330个水系沉积物样品,并采用X荧光光谱仪和电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱仪为主体的分析配套方案分析样品中重金属的含量基础上,采用潜在生态危害指数法和GIS空间分析技术研究该地区的水系沉积物重金属污染的潜在生态危害。研究结果表明,德兴地区水系沉积物重金属污染的潜在生态危害范围较大,强—很强的生态危害区主要集中德兴铜钼和铅锌矿区、德兴河与大坞河流域及其周边地区,而乐安河下游沿岸以及乐平附近与西北部景德镇附近的少数煤矿区、婺源县城附近和东南角玉山县北西的铜钼矿点附近地区主要为零星中等生态危害。  相似文献   

当涂地震站震级偏差分析     

陈江琴 《地震地磁观测与研究》2021,42(2):8-16

选取当涂地震站2015年12月至2020年4月记录的120个1.2M_L5.3近震(均为浅源地震),其中省外地震震级为M_L≥2.0。重新计算单台震级M_(L台),与安徽省测震台网中心所测地方性震级M_(L省)进行对比,得出二者的震级偏差,分析在不同震中距和台站方位角范围内震级偏差的分布规律。结果如下:①按震中距分析,可知:Δ70 km,M_(L台)偏小。70 km≤Δ180 km,单台震级大部分偏小,在反射波临界范围内,部分地震震级偏差较小,多在±0.2内摆动,偏差可忽略。Δ≥180 km,震级普遍偏大;②按台站方位角分析,结果如下:方位角≤66°,震级偏差多大于0,震中大部分位于郯庐断裂带以东;方位角大于66°,震级偏差多小于0,大部分地震位于郯庐断裂带以西和长江以北。综合分析认为:量规函数、反射波、断裂带和震源机制均会对震级偏差产生影响,且震级偏差大小能在一定程度上反映地质结构差异。  相似文献   

A study on the temporal and spatial characteristics of droughts following earthquakes     

Kai Zhang  Mao-Cang Tang  Xiao-Qing Gao 《应用地球物理》2013,10(4):488-495

According to the ＂jacking-up＂ theory, which relates the cause of earthquakes to outer core convection ascension bodies, the crust will gradually recover after an earthquake. In such cases, the crust is stretched, the underground temperature is reduced, precipitation decreases, and drought occurs. In this paper, precipitation is compared with ground temperature and seismic data to determine the spatial and temporal relationship between earthquakes and subsequent droughts. Our objective is to develop a new method of drought prediction. With a few exceptions in location, the analysis of the first drought to occur after the Ms 〉 7 earthquakes in mainland China and the adjacent areas since 1950 shows that droughts tended to occur in regions near earthquake epicenters and in the eastern regions of the epicenters at the same latitude within six months after the earthquakes. In addition, and the differences between the starting time of the earthquakes and the droughts nearly share the same probability of 0 to 6 months. After careful analysis of 34 Ms 〉 6.5 earthquakes occurring in western China from 1980 to 2011, we determined that a second drought tends to occur approximately six months following the first drought, indicating a quasi-half-year period. Moreover, the duration of the quasi-half-year fluctuation increases with the magnitude of earthquake, at approximately 2.5 years for Ms 6.5 earthquake and approximately 5 years for Ms 8 earthquake.  相似文献   

Comparison of hydroelastic computer codes based on the ISSC VLFS benchmark     

H.R. Riggs  Hideyuki Suzuki  Jang Whan Kim 《Ocean Engineering》2008,35(7):589-597

There has been substantial development in computer codes for linear hydroelasticity in recent years, driven in part by the motivation to investigate the wave-induced response of very large floating structures (VLFSs). A recent International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC) state-of-the-art report on VLFS design and analysis [ISSC, 2006. Report of Specialist Task Committee VI.2, very large floating structures. In: Frieze, P.A., Shenoi, R.A. (eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress, Elsevier, Southampton, UK, pp. 397-451] included a brief comparative study of the simulation results from different computer codes for a pontoon (mat-like) VLFS. The codes covered a mix of both fluid models (potential and linear Green-Naghdi) and structural models (3-D grillage, 2-D plate, 3-D shell). A more detailed comparison of the results from a select group of models from that study is provided and discussed herein. The similarities in the results increase the confidence level of the state-of-the-art in predicting the hydroelastic response of such structures, and the differences, including in computational efficiency, lead to an understanding of the significance of specific modeling assumptions and their impact on the predicted response.  相似文献