Numerical assessment of tsunami attack on a rubble mound breakwater using OpenFOAM®     

《Applied Ocean Research》2018

A numerical assessment study of tsunami attack on the rubble mound breakwater of Haydarpasa Port, located at the southern entrance of the Istanbul Bosphorus Strait in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, is carried out in this study using a Volume-Averaged Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solver, IHFOAM, developed in OpenFOAM^® environment. The numerical model is calibrated with and validated against the data from solitary wave and tsunami overflow experiments representing tsunami attack. Furthermore, attack of a potential tsunami near Haydarpasa Port is simulated to investigate effects of a more realistic tsunami that cannot be generated in a wave flume with the present state of the art technology. Discussions on practical engineering applications of this type of numerical modeling studies are given focusing on pressure distributions around the crown-wall of the rubble mound breakwater, and the forces acting on the single stone located behind the crown-wall at the rear side of the breakwater. Numerical modeling of stability/failure mechanism of the overall cross-section is studied throughout the paper.The present study shows that hydrodynamics along the wave flume and over the breakwater can be simulated properly for both solitary wave and tsunami overflow experiments. Stability of the overall cross-section can only be simulated qualitatively for solitary wave cases; on the other hand, the effect of the time elapsed during tsunami overflow cannot be reflected in the simulations using the present numerical tool. However, the stability of the overall cross-section under tsunami overflow is assessed by evaluating forces acting on the rear side armor unit supporting the crown-wall of the rubble mound breakwater as a practical engineering application in the present paper. Furthermore, two non-dimensional parameters are derived to discuss the stability of this armor unit; and thus, the stability condition of the overall cross-section. Approximate threshold values for these non-dimensional parameters are presented comparing experimental and numerical results as a starting point for engineers in practice. Finally, investigations on the solitary wave and tsunami overflow experiments/simulations are extended to the potential tsunami simulation in the scope of both representation of a realistic tsunami in a wave flume and stability of the rubble mound breakwater.  相似文献   

滇西北地区近年来应力场的数值模拟研究     

武永彩  李昂  唐红涛 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(12):1238-1240

建立滇西北地区三维有限元地质模型,将2009~2016年GPS速度场数据作为数值模拟的位移边界条件,模拟获取该地区的构造应力场。结果表明,在楚雄至滇西北地区整体显示张性应力区;出现由“洱源鹤庆断裂-红河断裂-程海断裂”圈起的低值张性区,区域内部张性应力明显低于外部,这种张应力低值区尤其在区域四周断裂边界处,往往是地壳断裂活动的频发区;曲江断裂北端及元谋-绿汁江断裂南端出现张性应力集中区,是今后重点关注的断裂结点。  相似文献   

小振幅海洋内波的演变、破碎和所致混合   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李丙瑞  范海梅  田纪伟  孙波  张占海 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(6):807-815

利用基于谱方法和MPI并行运算的数值模式SpectralModel,直接数值模拟了三维小振幅海洋内波的演变、破碎和所致湍流混合,指出导致其不稳定而破碎的为PSI(parametric subharmonic instability)机制;对于内波破碎所致的湍流混合过程,分析了跨等密度面扩散系数kρ、混合效率γ、浮力通量谱、动能谱以及势能谱等统计性质:内波破碎前,kρ和γ保持低值水平,浮力通量谱值为负,且集中在低波数段;内波破碎后,kρ和γ迅速增大,最大值分别约为0.9×103m2/s和0.18,浮力通量谱值在低波数段为负值,在高波数段为正值,这是因为层化湍流中势能向小尺度运动传递和动能向小尺度运动传递相比更为有效。在内波破碎、强湍流混合阶段,势能谱存在一谱段满足kz3律,P(kz)=0.2N2kz3。此外,与二维模拟结果相比较,导致内波不稳定而破碎的均为PSI机制,kρ、浮力通量谱、势能谱变化趋势大体一致;但三维数值实验中,内波破碎时间提前,湍流衰减加快;KE谱在高波数部分下降速度相对减小,更接近于kz3。  相似文献   

伶仃洋海域潜在性富营养化评价与研究     

卢楚谦  蔡伟叙  余汉生 《海洋通报》2010,29(6)

根据2006年7月至2007年12月的调查资料,一年四季分析珠江口伶仃洋海域营养盐的空间分布特征及季节变化,该海域DIP表层年平均值为0.054mg/L,底层年平均值为0.53mg/L,DIN表层平均值为1.20mg/L,底层平均值为1.03mg/L;采用近海海域水体潜在性富营养化等级的划分标准和评价方法进行评价,评价结果表明,伶仃洋海域营养化水平基本上为磷限制潜在性富营养化至III级富营养水平。  相似文献   

投弃式海流剖面测量仪测量原理研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘宁  何鸿鲲 《海洋技术学报》2010,29(1)

根据投弃式海流剖面测量仪的测量原理建立了二维海流运动感生电场离散和连续模型,通过模型推导得到了海流与感生电场间的关系公式。通过对海流感生电磁场的分析,对海流测量的基本方法进行了研究,通过感生电磁场的量级的计算,确定了投弃式海流剖面测量仪研究的主要方向和关键技术。  相似文献   

Velocity potential formulations of highly accurate Boussinesq-type models     

Harry B. Bingham  Per A. Madsen  David R. Fuhrman 《Coastal Engineering》2009

The highly accurate Boussinesq-type equations of Madsen et al. (Madsen, P.A., Bingham, H.B., Schäffer, H.A., 2003. Boussinesq-type formulations for fully nonlinear and extremely dispersive water waves: Derivation and analysis. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 459, 1075–1104; Madsen, P.A., Fuhrman, D.R., Wang, B., 2006. A Boussinesq-type method for fully nonlinear waves interacting with a rapidly varying bathymetry. Coast. Eng. 53, 487–504); Jamois et al. (Jamois, E., Fuhrman, D.R., Bingham, H.B., Molin, B., 2006. Wave-structure interactions and nonlinear wave processes on the weather side of reflective structures. Coast. Eng. 53, 929–945) are re-derived in a more general framework which establishes the correct relationship between the model in a velocity formulation and a velocity potential formulation. Although most work with this model has used the velocity formulation, the potential formulation is of interest because it reduces the computational effort by approximately a factor of two and facilitates a coupling to other potential flow solvers. A new shoaling enhancement operator is introduced to derive new models (in both formulations) with a velocity profile which is always consistent with the kinematic bottom boundary condition. The true behaviour of the velocity potential formulation with respect to linear shoaling is given for the first time, correcting errors made by Jamois et al. (Jamois, E., Fuhrman, D.R., Bingham, H.B., Molin, B., 2006. Wave-structure interactions and nonlinear wave processes on the weather side of reflective structures. Coast. Eng. 53, 929–945). An exact infinite series solution for the potential is obtained via a Taylor expansion about an arbitrary vertical position z = zˆ. For practical implementation however, the solution is expanded based on a slow variation of zˆ and terms are retained to first-order. With shoaling enhancement, the new models obtain a comparable accuracy in linear shoaling to the original velocity formulation. General consistency relations are also derived which are convenient for verifying that the differential operators satisfy a potential flow and/or conserve mass up to the order of truncation of the model. The performance of the new formulation is validated using computations of linear and nonlinear shoaling problems. The behaviour on a rapidly varying bathymetry is also checked using linear wave reflection from a shelf and Bragg scattering from an undulating bottom. Although the new models perform equally well for Bragg scattering they fail earlier than the existing model for reflection/transmission problems in very deep water.  相似文献   

0716号超强台风“罗莎”登陆前后的特殊路径分析     

郑峰  钟建锋  周必高  张爱华 《台湾海峡》2009,28(1):130-134

0716号超强台风“罗莎”是建国以来登陆浙闽交界最晚的一个台风．它经我国台湾岛东北侧打一个圈后登岛,然后在台湾海峡北上,于浙闽交界处登陆,沿温州海岸线缓慢北上后再次入海．“罗莎”的特殊路径一方面与台风附近物理量场分布有关,另一方面可能与全球气候变暖趋势的背景有关．本文分析发现0716号超强台风“罗莎”登陆大陆前后,其附近中低层的物理量场分布对移动路径有密切关系;美国NCEP再分析资料提供的很多物理量如温度、湿度、垂直速度等热力和动力要素对台风未来移动的路径有指示作用;多普勒雷达径向速度演变趋势对台风的短时移动路径预报也有很好的指导意义．  相似文献   

ESTIMATE OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RICE FIELDS IN CHINA BY CLIMATE-BASED NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY     

KANG Guo-ding    CAI Zu-cong  ZHANG Zi-heng    XIAO Peng-feng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(4):326-331

1INTRODUCTIONIrrigated ricefieldsarecharacterizedbylargespatialandtemporalvariationsin CH4 emissiontotheatmo-sphere.Accordingly,thereisagreatuncertaintyintheestimate ofCH4 emissionsfromricefields.GreateffortshavebeenmadetoestimatetheCH4 emissionsfromricefieldsandseveralapproacheshavebeendeveloped.TherepresentativemethodsincludetheIPCC(Inter-governmentPanelofClimateChange)region-specificemissionfactormethodandthemodelcalculationmethod.Toimprovethecalculationaccuracy,theIPCCmethodreq…  相似文献   

The determination of potential difference by the joint application of measured and synthetical gravity data: a case study in Hungary   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Gábor Papp  Erika Szeghy  Judit Benedek 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(6):509-521

In an elementary approach every geometrical height difference between the staff points of a levelling line should have a corresponding average g value for the determination of potential difference in the Earth’s gravity field. In practice this condition requires as many gravity data as the number of staff points if linear variation of g is assumed between them. Because of the expensive fieldwork, the necessary data should be supplied from different sources. This study proposes an alternative solution, which is proved at a test bed located in the Mecsek Mountains, Southwest Hungary, where a detailed gravity survey, as dense as the staff point density (~1 point/34 m), is available along a 4.3-km-long levelling line. In the first part of the paper the effect of point density of gravity data on the accuracy of potential difference is investigated. The average g value is simply derived from two neighbouring g measurements along the levelling line, which are incrementally decimated in the consecutive turns of processing. The results show that the error of the potential difference between the endpoints of the line exceeds 0.1 mm in terms of length unit if the sampling distance is greater than 2 km. Thereafter, a suitable method for the densification of the decimated g measurements is provided. It is based on forward gravity modelling utilising a high-resolution digital terrain model, the normal gravity and the complete Bouguer anomalies. The test shows that the error is only in the order of 10⁻³mm even if the sampling distance of g measurements is 4 km. As a component of the error sources of levelling, the ambiguity of the levelled height difference which is the Euclidean distance between the inclined equipotential surfaces is also investigated. Although its effect accumulated along the test line is almost zero, it reaches 0.15 mm in a 1-km-long intermediate section of the line.  相似文献   

基于主成分分析的ENVISAT ASAR数据在福建省漳州市香蕉园地提取中的应用(英文)     

汪小钦  王钦敏  凌飞龙  朱晓铃  江洪 《地球空间信息科学学报》2009,12(2):142-145

Banana is one of the main economic agrotypes in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province. The multi-temporal ENVISAT ASAR data with different polarization are used to classify the banana fields in this paper. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for six pairs of ASAR dual-polarization data. For its large leaves, banana has high backscatter. So the value of banana fields is high and shows very bright in the 1st component, which makes it much easier for banana fields extraction. Dual-polarization data provide more information, and the VV and VH backscatter of banana show different characters with other land covers. Based on the analysis of the radar signature of banana fields and other land covers and the 1st component, banana fields are classified using object-oriented classifier. Compared to the field survey data and ASTER data, the accuracy of banana fields in the study area is 83.5%. It shows that the principal component analysis provides the useful information in SAR images analysis and makes the extraction of banana fields easier. Supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-05-0573), Fujian Science and Technology Project (No.2006I0018), the Science Project of the Education Department of Fujian Province(No. 2006F5022).  相似文献