An overview of climate change impacts on the society in China     

Yong-Jian Ding  Chen-Yu Li  Xiaoming WANG  Yan Wang  Sheng-Xia Wang  Ya-Ping Chang  Jia Qin  Shao-Ping Wang  Qiu-Dong Zhao  Zeng-Ru Wang 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2010,70(2):210-223

Society could sustain the impact of climate change by adapting to the change and mitigating risks from adverse effects of increasing changes, so that it can continue maintaining its prospect and improving wellbeing. Nevertheless, climate change is more or less affecting society's functions at different scales, including both individuals and communities. In this review, we discuss the relationship between society and climate change in China from the aspects of the needs at different socioeconomic developing stages. The relationship as well as the current spatial pattern and future risks of the climate change impacts on societies are summarized. The complexity of social and climatic systems leads to the spatial heterogeneity of climate impacts and risks in China. To more effectively leverage increasing knowledge about the past, we advocate greater cross-disciplinary collaboration between climate adaption, poverty alleviation and Nature-based Solutions (Nbs). That could provide decision makers with more comprehensive train of thoughts for climate policy making.  相似文献   

Deconstructing public artopia: Situating public-art claims within practice     

Martin Zebracki  Rob Van Der Vaart 《Geoforum》2010,41(5):786-795

This paper problematises public artopia, in other words the collection of claims in academic literature concerning the allegedly physical-aesthetic, economic, social, and cultural-symbolic roles of art in urban public space. On the basis of interviews with public-art producers (artists, public officials, investors, and participating residents) in a flagship and a community-art project in Amsterdam, we analyse the situatedness of their public-art claims according to actors’ roles, geographical context, and time. The research suggests that public-art theory and policy suffer from three deficiencies. Theoretical claims about public-art and policy discourse feature, first, a failure to recognise different actors’ perspectives: claims fail to locate situated knowledges that are intrinsically (re)constituted by actors’ roles articulating with one another in time and space. Second is the lack of geographical contextuality: claims do not elaborate appropriately on distinct discourses about art projects’ spatial settings. Third is the lack of temporal perspective. Claims neglect the practice of public-art realisation: that is, the evolution of claims and claim coalitions over the time horizon of the art projects: preparation, implementation, and evaluation.  相似文献   

Institutionalised religion: sacred texts and Jewish spatial practice     

Oliver Valins 《Geoforum》2000,31(4)

Institutionalised religion, as a powerful force in the structuring of the daily lives of probably the majority of the world’s population, is a field of social research to which geographers can usefully contribute. This paper examines ancient and contemporary forms of Judaism, exploring the underlying codes and regulations designed to structure every aspect of life. The first part of the paper examines institutionalised uses of space in ancient times, as recorded in the sacred Jewish text of the Talmud. Through the sacred geography of the great Temple in Jerusalem and the legal authority of the religious court to punish offenders, the social system was (in principle at least) highly ordered and regulated. The second part examines the institutionalisation of the religion in contemporary times, which for orthodox Jews involves attempting to practise and maintain these same ancient codes and regulations. Practising ancient ways of life in contemporary (post)modern contexts can be extremely difficult, however, which I discuss with reference to the proposals of the religious authorities in Manchester, England, to construct an eruv; a legalistic device consisting of poles and wires which changes the classification of space, allowing (in particular) the elderly, infirm and parents with young children to travel on the Sabbath. The device faces criticism from secular and religious sources over the rights to ‘claim space’ and the religious legalistic viability of the project.  相似文献   

Environmental Rationalism and Beyond: Toward a more just sharing of power and influence     

Graeme Aplin 《The Australian geographer》2000,31(3):273-287

Economics, especially the narrowly defined form of economics known as neo-liberal economics, along with its policy derivative known as economic rationalism, dominates public and political debate and decision-making in Australia and many other nations as the twentieth century approaches its close. In the context of environmental issues, as also in that of welfare issues, the present over-dominance is unhealthy. Despite the best attempts of environmental economists and ecological economists, they have had relatively little influence on the broader economic profession, or on the political and business communities. Economics and free trade also dominate the international scene at the expense of equity and environmental issues. Environmental debates, by their very nature, are usually complex, requiring interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches which include the economic perspective, but much else besides. Despite the importance of local context and spatial and temporal location, there is a need for a meta-theory or national philosophy to allow the integration across space and time so often needed. The present meta-theory, firmly based in economic rationalism, is inadequate as a basis for environmental decision-making. We desperately need a new meta-theory that explicitly integrates economic, environmental, welfare and many other perspectives. Perhaps such a meta-theory could be broadly based on the concept of sustainability, though much more work is needed to refine such an approach. A major swing in public opinion from the old meta-theory to the new is essential as a forerunner to political action, and education at all levels is needed to bring about this change. There are some signs that this change is already informing public opinion, and that it may have begun to influence mainstream Australian politics.  相似文献   

日本的国土开发对中国西部大开发的启示   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张文忠 《地理科学进展》2000,19(3):251-258

本文在评述和总结日本国土开发中所取得的成功经验基础上 ,提出了中国在西部大开发中需要注意的四个问题 :一是要制定明确的开发目标和切实可行的开发方式 ,并通过立法的形式保障开发计划的实施 ;二是有效发挥社会资本和民间资本对西部开发的作用 ;三是加大力度促进西部中小城市的发展 ;四是在西部大开发中处理好资源、环境和灾害等问题。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地公众沙漠化意识调查报告     

宋豫秦  牛宁  曹淑艳 《中国沙漠》1999,19(Z1):149-154

对科尔沁沙地部分旗、县、市的公众沙漠化意识进行调查的结果表明:①81.6%的受访者知道"沙漠化"一词;②62.8%的受访者认为当地沙漠化主要是由于人类不合理的活动所造成的,其中"三滥"为主要因素;③75.7%的受访者认为目前当地土地沙漠化程度较10a前有所好转或有明显好转(1:1.07);84%的受访者认为10a后当地沙漠化治理会取得成效(根治:13.1%;大有成效:45.1%;有些成效:25.8%);④认为当地治沙措施"多"的分值为5.76(10分制,下同);⑤认为国家、地方政府、集体和个人四者在治沙事业中各自应负责任之比为15:18:10:12;77.9%的受访者认为当地政府重视治沙工作,平均重视度为7.4;94.2%的受访者表示愿意参加义务治沙劳动;70.8%的受访者愿为制止樵采而修建沼气池或使用其它替代能源;⑥受访者对当地生活的满意度为6.73,认为治理沙漠、发展经济、发展教育、改善医疗、提供社会保障5个方面的重要度分别为9.04、9.05、8.78、7.78、7.73。  相似文献   

海洋电子政务数字认证框架研究     

林宁 《海洋通报》2004,23(4):60-64

纵观海洋信息化的发展,海洋电子政务的建设将成为今后一个时期海洋信息化工作的重点。本文根据海洋信息化建设的要求,在国家电子政务PKI体系总体框架下,详细论述了PKI体系的密码体制、可认证性及其基本组成。通过对现有PKI体系信任模型的分析,结合我国海洋管理的模式和应用需求,指出了海洋电子政务PKI体系最简单最理想的信任模型是采用严格层次结构。介绍了海洋数字认证机构设立的形式,指出建立中国海洋数字认证中心是建立海洋电予政务PKI体系的核心,是实现海洋电子政务的基础,是国家电子政务PKI体系的重要组成部分。  相似文献