Paleolatitudes of the Kerguelen hotspot: new paleomagnetic results and dynamic modeling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Antretter  B. Steinberger  H. Soffel 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(2):635-650

The Kerguelen Plateau, a Large Igneous Province in the southern Indian Ocean, was formed as a product of the Kerguelen hotspot in several eruptive phases during the last 120 Myr. We obtained new paleolatitudes for the central and northern Kerguelen Plateau from paleomagnetic investigations on basalts, which were drilled during ODP Leg 183 to the Kerguelen Plateau-Broken Ridge. The paleolatitudes coincide with paleolatitudes from previous investigations at the Kerguelen Plateau and Ninetyeast Ridge (the track of the Kerguelen hotspot) and indicate a difference between paleolatitudes and present position at 49°S of the Kerguelen hotspot. We show that true polar wander, the global motion between the mantle and the rotation axis, cannot explain this difference in latitudes. We present numerical model results of plume conduit motion in a large-scale mantle flow and the resulting surface hotspot motion. A large number of models all predict southward motion between 3° and 10° for the Kerguelen hotspot during the last 100 Myr, which is consistent with our paleomagnetic results.  相似文献   

Modes of raising northeastern Tibet probed by explosion seismology   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Audrey GalvéAlfred Hirn  Jiang MeiJosep Gallart  Béatrice de VoogdJean-Claude Lépine  Jordi DiazWang Youxue  Qian Hui 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):35-43

New wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic data provide constraints on the structure of the upper lithosphere, and test models of its evolution to raise the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. Amplitudes observed for reflections from the crust-mantle boundary are sufficiently large to suggest that there is no significant partial melt in the deep crust. The data show an increase of the crustal thickness between terranes from north of the Kun Lun Fault into the Qang Tang of central Tibet, and a contrast among their intracrustal images and compositions. In the north, P and S velocities are consistent with a dominantly felsic composition and show that only the upper crust thickened. South of the Kun Lun Fault a thicker crust made of two layers could result from the superposition of the originally thin crust of the Bayan Har terrane on the lower part of the crust of the domain to the north, which upper crust it shoved and thickened. Different modes of crustal thickening, either by thickening of individual layers or superpositions and imbrication among them appear to work jointly to raise the topography.  相似文献   

PRELIMINARY NUMERICAL STUDY OF TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU ON SURFACE DIRECT RADIATION^*          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Zhengqiu  ZHOU Xiuji  LI Weiliang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2002,16(1):50-61

To improve the simulating ability of a model,this paper presents a scheme of calculating direct radiation at land surface with topography in the model.A numerical study is conducted for the topographic effects of the Tibetan Plateau on the direct radiation using NCEP terrain data.Results show that,after taking account into the topographic radiation effect,the regional average of the radiation over the Plateau obviously increases in the local early morning and late afternoon,but changes less around noon.The effect is stronger in winter than that in summer.And heterogeneous topography has also affected the distribution of the radiation in this area.A simple numerical experiment shows that considering the effect will lead ground temperature to increase on the slope having more sunshine,and vice versa.  相似文献   

青藏高原大气—植被相互作用的模拟试验——Ⅰ.物理通量和参数   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

吕建华  季劲钧 《大气科学》2002,26(1):111-126

在原大气-植被相互作用模式AVIM的基础上作了改进，包括对值被生理过程，如（1）光合作用：（2）呼吸；（3）分配和（4）物候等新的描述方法。对青藏高原上30个站点进行模拟计算，给出了高压上地表辐射及水热物理通量以及地表拖曳系数和地面反照率的分布特征。模拟结果表明净辐射和感热通量由东南和西北增加，高原西北部地表反照率较高，东南部地表反照率较低。  相似文献   

青藏高原大气—植被相互作用的模拟试验Ⅱ.植被叶面积指数和净初级生产力   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

吕建华  季劲钧 《大气科学》2002,26(2):255-262

利用大气－植被相互作用模式AVIM对青藏高原上30个站点进行模拟计算，给出了青藏高原上植被叶面积指数和净初级生产力的分布特征。模拟结果表明，高原上叶面积指数、净初级生产力由东南向西北减少，模拟和观测的分布相一致。分析指出，青藏高原净初级生产力的分布决定于水热条件的共同作用，降水充沛、温度适宜的青藏高原东南部净初级生产力较高，而青藏高原西北部由于降水过少或温度过低，初级生产力很低。  相似文献   

PRELIMINARY NUMERICAL STUDY OF TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU ON SURFACE DIRECT RADIATION   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张正秋  周秀骥  李维亮 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2002,(1)

To improve the simulating ability of a model,this paper presents a scheme of calculatingdirect radiation at land surface with topography in the model.A numerical study is conducted forthe topographic effects of the Tibetan Plateau on the direct radiation using NCEP terrain data.Results show that,after taking account into the topographic radiation effect,the regional averageof the radiation over the Plateau obviously increases in the local early morning and late afternoon,but changes less around noon.The effect is stronger in winter than that in summer.Andheterogeneous topography has also affected the distribution of the radiation in this area.A simplenumerical experiment shows that considering the effect will lead ground temperature to increase onthe slope having more sunshine,and vice versa.  相似文献   

湘桂黔滇藏红色岩溶风化壳发育模式   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李德文  崔之久  刘耕年 《地理学报》2002,57(3):293-300

基于对湘，桂、黔，滇，藏等地岩溶区红色风化壳的野外和室内研究，从表生地貌学，粘土矿物学和地球化学角度分析红色石灰土性质与地貌演化的关系，提出红色岩溶风化壳发育的二阶段模式；1）地貌夷平-风化物质积累阶段，在地貌演化过程中溶蚀残余物质不断积累，最后在夷平面上形成厚层连续的泥质风化壳，夷平面的地貌水文条件有利于粘粒的形成和保存，但限制了富铝化作用的有效进行，造就了岩溶风化壳粘粒含量高，富铝化程度低的特点，这与研究区23个红色岩溶风化壳剖面化学，粒度特征和粘土矿物组合特点一致。2）地貌切割-风化壳淋溶阶段，原始夷平面上的风化壳大多呈灰色，只有在构造隆升和地表微切割导致地下水位降低，淋溶条件开始改善的情况下，风化壳才有可能枞根本上转为红色。  相似文献   

分布式侵蚀预报模型中网格面积的选定——以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区为例   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

卫海燕  张科利  王敬义 《地理研究》2002,21(5):578-584

在分布式土壤侵蚀过程模型中 ,承载数据以及进行运算的最小单元 ,即基本地块的选取是非常关键的 ,它直接关系到模型的模拟精度和运算数据量。目前大多数分布式模型都采用平均布设矩形网格的方法 ,这种方法在基本网格的大小选取上存在着盲目性和不统一性。本文以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区为例 ,利用GIS和SPSS分析了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区属性均一的基本地块在面积上的统计规律 ,给出了基本地块选取的合理依据 ,以促进建立更好的分布式模型  相似文献   

青藏高原土壤水热分布特征及冻融过程在季节转换中的作用   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

杨梅学  姚檀栋  何元庆 《山地学报》2002,20(5):553-558

利用GAME-Tibet期间所取得的高分辩率土壤温度和含水量资料，对青藏高原（主要是藏北高原）土壤水热分布特征及冻融过程在季节转换中的作用进行了分析。指出藏北高原4cm学深处土壤在10月份开始冻结，次年4-5月份开始消融，冻结持续时间长达5-7个月。冻结过程有利于土壤维持其水分，因此，在刚刚开始消融时土壤含水量仍然很高。从而为夏季风爆发前土壤通过蒸发向大气提供水分打下了基础。指出土壤冻融过程可能在高原季节转换中起着重要作用。  相似文献   

The property, age and formation environment of the palaeokarst in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau     

GAO Quan-zhou  CUI Zhi-jiu  TAO Zhe  LIU Geng-nian  HONG Yun 《地理学报》2002,12(2):144-152

The karst landforms distributed on the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau can be genetically classed with the Tertiary underground karst, which were gradually exhumed to the surface with the uplift of the plateau during Quaternary period. The relative deposits of the Tertiary palaeokarst processes, such as the residuum and speleothem, were discovered recently in the southern and southeastern fringe areas of the plateau, where has geological-currently been disintegrated by the headward erosion processes of the modern river systems. The major chemical components of the clay portion of the residuum consist mainly of SiO2C, Al2CO3 and Fe2O3. The clay minerals composition of the clay portion belongs to illite-kaolinite pattern for most of the residuum samples, and kaolinite-illite pattern for a few of the samples. It can be judged from the silicic acid index and the clay minerals composition that the formation of the residuum of the Plateau was in its initial phase. However, such a lower chemical weathering index only reflected the weathering degree in the bottom or lower parts of the lateritic weathering crust. The relatively intensive chemical weathering processes of the surface layers of the lateritic weathering crust could be logically speculated. The surface feature textures of quartz grains in the residuum were formed mainly by the chemical erosion, which revealed a long-term humid-tropical environment when the residuum and the palaeokarst formed.  相似文献