A Two-Dimensional Zonally Averaged Ocean Carbon Cycle Model     

徐永福  王明星 《大气科学进展》1998,(3)

ＡＴｗｏ－ＤｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌＺｏｎａｌｙＡｖｅｒａｇｅｄＯｃｅａｎＣａｒｂｏｎＣｙｃｌｅＭｏｄｅｌＸｕＹｏｎｇｆｕ（徐永福）ａｎｄＷａｎｇＭｉｎｇｘｉｎｇ（王明星）ＬＡＰＣ,ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ,Ｃｈｉｎｅｓ...  相似文献   

Environment and paleoecology of a 12 ka mid-North American Younger Dryas forest chronicled in tree rings     

Irina P. Panyushkina  Steven W. Leavitt  Todd A. Thompson  Allan F. Schneider  Todd Lange 《Quaternary Research》2008,70(3):433-441

Until now, availability of wood from the Younger Dryas abrupt cooling event (YDE) in N. America ca. 12.9 to 11.6 ka has been insufficient to develop high-resolution chronologies for refining our understanding of YDE conditions. Here we present a multi-proxy tree-ring chronology (ring widths, “events” evidenced by microanatomy and macro features, stable isotopes) from a buried black spruce forest in the Great Lakes area (Liverpool East site), spanning 116 yr at ca. 12,000 cal yr BP. During this largely cold and wet period, the proxies convey a coherent and precise forest history including frost events, tilting, drowning and burial in estuarine sands as the Laurentide Ice Sheet deteriorated. In the middle of the period, a short mild interval appears to have launched the final and largest episode of tree recruitment. Ultimately the tops of the trees were sheared off after death, perhaps by wind-driven ice floes, culminating an interval of rising water and sediment deposition around the base of the trees. Although relative influences of the continental ice sheet and local effects from ancestral Lake Michigan are indeterminate, the tree-ring proxies provide important insight into environment and ecology of a N. American YDE boreal forest stand.  相似文献   

Holocene alluvial fan and terrace formation in the Bowland Fells,Northwest England     

A. M. Harvey  W. H. Renwick 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1987,12(3):249-257

In the Bowland Fells, Lancashire, northwest England, in the headwater valleys of the Hodder river system, is a suite of Holocene fluvial landforms. Debris cones and alluvial fans at tributary junctions, and river terraces along the main valleys post-date late Pleistocene forms and pre-date the modern valley floor alluvial forms. Eight ¹⁴C dates from wood samples incorporated within the terrace and fan deposits have allowed two main phases of Holocene erosion to be identified with debris cone/fan deposition taking place after c. 5400 BP but before c. 1900 BP and again at c. 900 BP. Some of the fans and cones are complex with deposits attributable to both phases; others are simple and attributable only to the later phase. In the headwaters an upper terrace at c. 5400 BP pre-dates the cones and a lower terrace is contemporaneous with the first debris cone phase. Lower downvalley the youngest of three terraces date from c. 5000 BP or earlier indicating that the sequence is less complex downstream.  相似文献   

OSL chronology for a sediment core from the southern Baltic Sea: A continuous sedimentation record since deglaciation     

M. Kortekaas  A.S. Murray  P. Sandgren  S. Bjrck 《Quaternary Geochronology》2007,2(1-4):95-101

A chronology based on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is presented for the late- and post-glacial evolution of the southern Baltic Sea (15 ka to present). During this period, large water level and salinity changes occurred in the Baltic Basin due to opening and closing of connections to the North Atlantic. Previous attempts to establish a chronology for these palaeoenvironmental changes have mainly been conducted in coastal settings where organic material for ¹⁴C dating is abundant. Many of these records are, however, discontinuous due to the large water level fluctuations. In contrast, in the relatively deep water of the Arkona Basin, the sediment record is expected to be more or less continuous. The single aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) procedure was used to date 32 samples of fine quartz sand from a 10.86 m long sediment core from the centre of this basin (45 m water depth). Tests of luminescence characteristics confirmed the suitability of the material for OSL dating and the ages agree well with the available AMS ¹⁴C ages on shells. The Baltic Ice Lake drainage to the North Atlantic appears to occur 11.6 ka, agreeing with other published evidence. However, we suggest that the main marine Littorina transgression appears in the Arkona Basin at about 6.5 ka, rather than at 8.5 ka, as previously thought.  相似文献   

Late quaternary alluvial stratigraphy of a low-order tributary in central Texas, USA and its response to climate and sediment supply     

Lee Nordt   《Quaternary Research》2004,62(3):289-300

A paleomegafauna site from central Amazonia with exceptional preservation of mastodons and ground sloths allows for the first time a precise age control based on ¹⁴C analysis, which, together with sedimentological and δ¹³C isotope data, provided the basis to discuss habitat evolution within the context of climate change during the past 15,000 yr. The fossil-bearing deposits, trapped within a depression in the Paleozoic basement, record three episodes of sedimentation formed on floodplains, with an intermediate unit recording a catastrophic deposition through debris flows, probably favored during fast floodings. The integrated approach presented herein supports a change in humidity in central Amazonia through the past 15,000 yr, with a shift from drier to arboreal savanna at 11,340 (±50) ¹⁴C yr B.P. and then to a dense forest like we see today at 4620 (±60) ¹⁴C yr B.P.  相似文献   

The age of alluvial fan deposition at a site in the southern uplands of scotland     

Richard Tipping  Stratford P. Halliday 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1994,19(4):333-348

The age of a large alluvial fan debouching onto the valley floor of the River Tweed, in southern Scotland, and the sequence of events relating to this, are investigated using geomorphological, sedimentological, palynological, archaeological and radiocarbon dating evidence. Prior to fan deposition, the Tweed valley floor seems to have been covered by a wooded peat at a time of low fluvial activity. The fan commenced deposition in the 11th century AD, and appears to have been a local event, the Tweed showing no response to this accelerated sedimentation. Later, perhaps 200 years later, the Tweed commenced overbank deposition of the only Flandrian terrace preserved. Local proxy data are examined in order to define the causes of these events, but difficulties in temporal correlation, despite the good resolution of the radiocarbon chronology, mean that the causes of these events remain unknown.  相似文献   

Direct application of compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of leaf waxes to establish lacustrine sediment chronology   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Joji Uchikawa  Brian N. Popp  Jane E. Schoonmaker  Li Xu 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(1):43-60

This study demonstrates use of compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) for dating Holocene lacustrine sediments from carbonate-hosted Ordy Pond, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. Long-chain odd-numbered normal alkanes (n-alkanes), biomarkers characteristic of terrestrial higher plants, were ubiquitous in Ordy Pond sediments. The δ¹³C of individual n-alkanes ranged from −29.9 to −25.5‰, within the expected range for n-alkanes synthesized by land plants using the C₃ or C₄ carbon fixation pathway. The ¹⁴C ages of n-alkanes determined by CSRA showed remarkably good agreement with ¹⁴C dates of rare plant macrofossils obtained from nearby sedimentary horizons. In general, CSRA of n-alkanes successfully refined the age-control of the sediments. The sum of n-alkanes in each sample produced 70–170 μg of carbon (C), however, greater age errors were confirmed for samples containing less than 80 μg of C. The ¹⁴C age of n-alkanes from one particular sedimentary horizon was 4,155 years older than the value expected from the refined age-control, resulting in an apparent and arguable age discrepancy. Several lines of evidence suggest that this particular sample was contaminated by introduction of ¹⁴C-free C during preparative capillary gas chromatography. This study simultaneously highlighted the promising potential of CSRA for paleo-applications and the risks of contamination associated with micro-scale ¹⁴C measurement of individual organic compounds.  相似文献   

Catastrophic hurricane history revealed by organic geochemical proxies in coastal lake sediments: a case study of Lake Shelby,Alabama (USA)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

W. Joe Lambert  Paul Aharon  Antonio B. Rodriguez 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(1):117-131

We developed a new method for reconstructing millennia-long hurricane records from coastal environments that uses Organic Geochemical Proxies (OGPs) of organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations and their δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N compositions. The new method is independent of presence/absence of sand layers and improves significantly the severe-storm history resolution. The subject of this investigation is a 1.5 m long sediment core raised at 2.8 m water depth from the center of Lake Shelby, Alabama, a freshwater lake located approximately 250 m from the Gulf of Mexico, from which an overwash sand-layer based record was previously derived. The core contains two distinct sediment units; an upper 62 cm thick, fine-grained, organic-rich lacustrine sapropel (gyttja) that shows no visible structures except one sand lamina at 23.7 cm depth, and an underlying 90 cm thick, organic-poor lagoon/estuary clay unit. The sapropel unit was deposited over a 682 ± 30 cal year time interval (1320–2002 A.D.) with a mean sedimentation rate of 0.79 ± 0.04 mm/year. Lake Shelby’s water column exhibits two contrasting states based on water chemistry surveys (i) an “isolated”, stratified, mode under calm weather conditions with a relatively low trophic state, and (ii) a “flooded” mode occurring during storm surges when nutrient-rich seawater floods the lake. Statistically significant δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N positive excursions in organic matter, up to maximum values of −25 (‰ PDB) and 4 (‰ Air N₂), respectively, are interpreted as geochemical responses to the marine intrusions that fertilize the lake, increase light availability, and cause eutrophication spikes. Detailed OGPs analyses crossing a sand layer that offers visual evidence of a catastrophic hurricane overwash event at 1717 A.D. exhibit large δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N positive shifts bounded by rapid returns to base values, thus confirming the validity of the hurricane identification by the OGPs model. Our data indicate that 11 catastrophic hurricanes hit the Alabama coast over the past 682 years with a rough recurrence interval of one in 62 years.  相似文献   

口泉断裂中段晚第四纪最新活动研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐伟  刘旭东  张世民 《中国地震研究》2012,26(4):479-490

Systematic research of the characteristics of late Quaternary activity of the middle part of Kouquan fault has been done through conducting 1∶50000 geologic mapping combining with remote sensing interpretation of spot imaging, field validating and chronology research of the research area. Studies suggest that the middle part of Kouquan fault has had strong activity since the late Quaternary which controls the tectonic evolvement of the nearby mountains and Datong basin. The recent activity of this fault has faulted the sandy gravel layers of T1 terrace and the lower part of dark loessial soils over the terrace on the north of Chanfang village. The maximum vertical displacement is over 3m in the area between Xiaoyukou village and Louzikou village, and to the south of Dayukou village and the north of Emaokou village, the displacement decreases to 0.5m and 0.25m respectively. Based on the recent faulted landforms and combined with dating, we determined the age of recent activity of the fault in the research area to be between 7.71ka B.P. to 3.00 ka B.P. Discussions are made on this in combination with previous research.  相似文献   

Radiocarbon reservoir corrections on the Brazilian coast from pre-bomb marine shells     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

Despite the great extent of the Brazilian coast, there are very few studies on the marine radiocarbon reservoir correction local offset (ΔR) for this region.In the present study, we used marine shells from the malacological collection of the National Museum of Brazil to obtain values of ΔR for different locations on the Brazilian coast. According to the museum records, the mollusks were collected alive from the coasts of Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo and Bahia, prior to the ¹⁴C bomb-peak. The exact year of collection for each shell is known.The samples were chemically prepared and measured at the Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (LAC-UFF) in Brazil. The conventional ages were calibrated using the Marine13 curve and the ΔR values were calculated using the OxCal software. The values range from 17 ± 56 ¹⁴C yr in São José do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul to 96 ± 48 ¹⁴C yr in Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro.  相似文献