Sub-volcanic crystallization at Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, southern Italy) preceding the Sciara del Fuoco sector collapse: evidence from monzonite lithic suite     

Alberto Renzulli  Patrizia Santi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1997,59(1):10-20

 We describe texture, mineralogy and whole-rock composition of cognate monzonite sub-volcanic clasts within debris flow deposits related to the 5000 years catastrophic phreatomagmatic eruption probably linked to the Sciara del Fuoco sector collapse. The debris flows are at the top of accretionary lapilli-rich ash deposits overlying potassic (KS, shoshonites) lavas of the Neostromboli period. The monzonites are inferred to be crystallized in situ, at low P, at the side walls and/or roof margins of a shallow magma chamber and to be cogenetic with the KS Neostromboli extrusives. They can be considered "ideal orthocumulates" since they approximately retain a bulk liquid composition and possibly represent "slowly cooled equivalents" of their KS shoshonite host rock. The "closure temperature" of final solidification of the monzonite lithic suite was estimated through ternary-feldspar geothermobarometry, plagioclase–K-feldspar and K-feldspar–biotite equilibria and is in the range of 750–790  °C with a maximum –logfO₂ around 15.1–15.3. The estimated pressure of crystallization is <0.5 kbar. Potassic lavas and dikes, previously emplaced during the Neostromboli period, also resemble the monzonites in both major trace elements and mineral chemistry. The cogenetic relationship between KS Neostromboli extrusives and the monzonite host-rock magma from which the sub-volcanic clasts were derived is clear evidence that a shallow magma chamber existed between the caldera collapse of the Vancori period and the Sciara del Fuoco sector collapse (i.e. between 13 000 and 5000 years). The monzonite clasts were derived from crystallization at very shallow depth (ca. 1 km) and strongly support the hypothesis of violent decompression of the shallow magmatic plumbing system during the Sciara del Fuoco sector collapse. Climax of the regressive landslide event, with maximum disruption of the chamber walls, took place during emplacement of the debris flows, i.e. during the late stage of the Neostromboli phreatomagmatic eruption. Received: 15 September 1996 / Accepted: 5 May 1997  相似文献   

应用断层气氡进行地震监测预报   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

许秋龙  王瑞平 《内陆地震》1997,11(2):160-167

概述了断层气氡观测点的地理位置,地质环境和观测条件,用最优周期谱持和多元逐步回归分析方法对观测资料进行了详细分析,分析结果表明观测曲线具有“冬高夏低”的年动态变化和固体潮变化特征。其中固体潮变化是断层气氡进行地震监测预报的力不基础。  相似文献   

一种真三维地下管线井室自动建模方法     

吴思  杨艳梅  王明洋  陈勇 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(4):400-404

针对城镇地下管线信息化建设中对大批量井室高效建模的要求,提出了地下管线井室的分类方法,在此基础上设计实现了真三维井室三维数据模型和自动化建模方法,并将该方法与传统3DMax建模方法在效率与效果上做了对比实验。实验表明,真三维井室自动化建模方法能极大提高井室三维建模的效率和精度。  相似文献   

大洋Rossby波动纬向传播速度的分布特征     

陈海英  乔方利  王永刚 《海洋科学进展》2003,21(4):387-392

利用1992年10月22日-2001年7月17日扣除年循环的T／P和ERS-1／-2的卫星融合高度计资料，应用二维Radon变换方法，对太平洋和大西洋的洋盆东部、西部的大洋Rossby波的纬向传播速度进行了分析与对比，并将二者分别与经典线性理论值比较，得出洋盆西部的Rossby波普遍比洋盆东部传播要快；中纬度海域大洋Rossby波的传播速度观测值与理论值的比率小于前人结果；并且在热带及副热带海域，大洋Rossby波的传播速度的观测值要低于理论值的结论。  相似文献   

Unusual features of the distribution of Radon-222 in the bottom waters of the continental slope of the Mid-Atlantic Bight: Hydrodynamic implications     

Steven R. Carson  Pierre E. Biscaye   《Progress in Oceanography》2006,70(2-4):271

²²²Rn was measured in the near-bottom waters of the continental slope of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Separate measurements of the ²²²Rn supported by dissolved ²²⁶Ra allowed the excess ²²²Rn that is derived from the underlying sediments to be distinguished. Measurements of production of ²²²Rn by the sediments were used to calculate fluxes of ²²²Rn from sediments that would be expected as a result of molecular diffusion. On the upper slope and on the lower slope excess ²²²Rn standing crops were, respectively, greater than and consistent with fluxes of radon from sediments by molecular diffusion as are typical of most ocean environments. On the middle slope, however, observed excess ²²²Rn concentrations and standing crops were significantly lower than what would be expected from the calculated fluxes from the underlying sediments. This unusual feature of low radon concentrations on the middle slope is referred to as the low-radon zone (LRZ). This LRZ was always present over several years and seasons, but was variable in intensity (excess-radon concentration and standing crop) and in location on the slope. Low concentrations of suspended particulate matter and low current velocities observed by others in the same region are consistent with low mixing as a possible cause of the LRZ. Radon profile shapes and recent work by others on near bottom mixing due to interactions between topography and internal waves, however, suggest that high mixing due to internal waves is a more likely cause of the LRZ.  相似文献   

潮间带大弹涂鱼产卵习性和自然受精卵孵化研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张其永  洪万树  陈仕玺  吴仁协  王琼 《热带海洋学报》2006,25(5):68-73

从环氧树脂模型揭示了福建省福宁湾潮间带滩涂大弹涂鱼Boleophthalmus pectinirostris洞穴的整体结构。多数洞穴略呈Y字形,每个洞穴有主洞口和次洞口之分。春季5—6月大弹涂鱼洞穴的中下部出现1个产卵室,产卵室横切面的上方呈拱形,底部平坦。潮间带滩涂产卵习性实验表明,产卵前性成熟雄鱼建造产卵室,并引诱性成熟雌鱼进入产卵室内交配产卵,受精卵依靠粘着丝粘在产卵室的顶部和周壁。产卵后雄鱼留洞护卵。每个产卵室的受精卵总数为3 595—4 314粒,平均为3 957粒,平均受精率高达99.67%,受精卵密度为58—114粒.cm-2,平均为87粒.cm-2。产卵室顶部和周壁受精卵的粘着丝位于上端,胚体位于下端,呈倒立状态,大多数受精卵的胚体头部朝下,为反向卵(平均占98.07%),易于孵化出仔鱼。将潮间带洞穴内产卵室受精卵取回实验室,模拟洞穴的小生境进行孵化实验。2次模拟孵化实验结果表明,受精卵始终全淹没于海水的平均孵化率(81.19%—82.90%)高于受精卵湿露24h后才全淹没于海水的平均孵化率(76.38%—79.19%)。湿露而不淹没于海水的受精卵不能孵化出仔鱼。  相似文献   

Tidal time-scale variation in nutrient flux across the sediment–water interface of an estuarine tidal flat     

Takashi Sakamaki  Osamu Nishimura  Ruichi Sudo 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,67(4):653-663

We determined the range of the tidal variations in nutrient flux across the sediment–water interface and elucidated mechanisms of the flux variation in two estuarine intertidal flats (one sand, one mud) in northeastern Japan. Nutrient flux was measured using in situ light and dark chambers, which were incubated for 2 h, 2–6 times per day. Results showed that nutrient concentration in overlying water varied by tide and was also affected by sewage-treated water inflow. The nutrient fluxes responded quickly to the tidal variation in overlying water chemistry and the range of the variation in flux was as large as the seasonal-scale variation reported in previous studies. In the sand flat, salinity increase likely enhanced benthos respiration and led to increases in both O₂ consumption and PO₄³⁻ regeneration under low illumination, while benthic microalgae were likely to actively generate O₂, uptake PO₄³⁻ and suppress PO₄³⁻ release under high illumination (>900 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹). Also in the mud flat, PO₄³⁻ flux was related with O₂ flux, although the range of temporal variation in PO₄³⁻ flux was small. In both the flats, NH₄⁺ flux was always governed by NH₄⁺ concentration in the overlying water; either an increase in NH₄⁺ uptake or a decrease in NH₄⁺ release was observed as the NH₄⁺ concentration rose due to inflow of river water or input of sewage-treated water. Although NO₃⁻ tended to be released in both tidal flats when low NO₃⁻ concentration seawater dominated, their relationship was likely to be weakened under conditions of low oxygen consumption and suppressed denitrification. It is likely that tidal variation in nutrient flux is governed more by the nutrient concentration than other factors, such as benthic biological processes, particularly in the case where nutrient concentration in the overlying water is relatively high and with wide amplitude.  相似文献   

澜沧—耿马地震前后水氡状态吸引子初探     

李忠华  周尽 《地震研究》1992,15(3):234-239

本文采用“根据时间序列数据重建复杂系统动力学特征”的方法,对澜沧—耿马地震前后澜沧、普洱、思茅和芒市台的水氡旬均值进行了处理,得到震前澜沧.普洱和芒市台水氡状态吸引子维数d在1.0—3.0之间,这从理论上说明了澜沧—耿马地震孕育过程中此三台站水氡变化遵从某些确定性规律,并指出了这些确定性规律所依赖的基本变量数目范围,这对认识大震孕育过程中水氡变化的动力学行为具有一定意义。  相似文献   

Fog interception by non‐vascular epiphytes in tropical montane cloud forests: dependencies on gauge type and meteorological conditions     

Juan Camilo Villegas  Conrado Tobón  David D. Breshears 《水文研究》2008,22(14):2484-2492

Precipitation is the most fundamental input of water for terrestrial ecosystems. Most precipitation inputs are vertical, via rain, but can be horizontal, via wind‐driven rain and snow, or, in some ecosystems such as tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs), via fog interception. Fog interception can be particularly important in ecosystems where fog is frequently present and there are seasonal periods of lower rainfall. Epiphytes in trees are a major ecological component of TMCFs and are particularly dependent on fog interception during periods of lower rainfall because they lack access to soil water. But assessing fog interception by epiphytes remains problematic because: (i) a variety of field or laboratory methods have been used, yet comparisons of interception by epiphytes versus interception by various types of fog gauge are lacking; (ii) previous studies have not accounted for potential interactions between meteorological factors. We compared fog interception by epiphytes with two kinds of commonly used fog gauges and developed relations between fog interception and meteorological variables by conducting laboratory experiments that manipulated key fog characteristics and from field measurements of fog interception by epiphytes. Fog interception measured on epiphytes was correlated with that measured from fog gauges but was more than an order of magnitude smaller than the actual measurements from fog gauges, highlighting a key measurement issue. Our laboratory measurements spanned a broad range of liquid water content (LWC) values for fog and indicate how fog interception is sensitive to an interaction between wind speed and LWC. Based on our results, considered in concert with those from other studies, we hypothesize that fog interception is constrained when LWC is low or high, and that fog interception increases with wind speed for intermediate values of LWC—a net result of deposition, impaction, and evaporation processes—until interception begins to decrease with further increases in wind speed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

论岩浆热液矿床的成矿期——以南岭地区燕山期钨矿为例     

汪相  楼法生 《地质论评》2022,68(1):2022010013-2022010013

中国岩浆热液型钨矿主要赋存在南岭地区的燕山期花岗岩体内部或周围。目前,尚无法精准地测定此类钨矿的成矿年龄,统计上,得出了两期钨成矿作用：150?160 Ma（主成矿期）和130?140 Ma（次成矿期）,然而,这困扰了对南岭钨矿成矿作用及其与花岗岩关系的理解。本文将综合分析各种最新资料,对成矿母岩、深部岩浆房和成矿机制开展系统的讨论,从而针对南岭钨矿的成矿模式给出明确的判断：（1）燕山早期呈岩基、岩株状的黑云母二长花岗岩不是南岭钨矿的成矿母岩,150?160 Ma的年龄值不是钨成矿作用的年龄值;（2）燕山晚期呈岩株、岩瘤、岩脉状的二云母/白云母碱长花岗岩是潜在的钨源载体,但其体积太小,也无法满足成矿母岩要求;（3）当组合燕山早期主体花岗岩（黑云母二长花岗岩）、燕山晚期补体花岗岩（二云母/白云母碱长花岗岩）和燕山晚期钨矿三者为一体时,一种新颖的成矿模式被构建起来：一个长期存活的深部岩浆房可以分异出富含成矿物质的残余岩浆;当这种岩浆沿着张性断裂快速侵位时,将发生流体–熔体之间的溶离作用,碱性硅质流体形成含黑钨矿的石英脉,而强硅铝质熔体固结为二云母/白云母碱长花岗岩;（4）130?140 Ma的二云母/白云母碱长花岗岩与黑钨矿石英脉是一对同源分体,两者的同步出现充分展示了成矿物质“源–运–储”的完整过程。该认识不仅可以合理地解释与岩浆热液矿床有关的多种地质现象（如“小岩体成大矿”）,而且更新了岩浆热液成矿作用理论,更加重要的是为找矿勘探提供了确切的指导方向。  相似文献