BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1987,39(2):238-266

Book Reviewed in this article: Women, Work, and Ideology in the Third World . Haleh Afshar, ed. The Birth of the National Park Service. The Founding Years 1913–33 . Horace M. Albright Theatres of Accumulation: Studies in Asian and Latin American Urbanization . Warwick Armstrong and T.G. McGee. New Tools for Social Scientists, Advances and Applications in Research Methods . William D. Berry and Michael S. Lewis -Beck , eds . Uncertain Dimensions: Western Overseas Empires in the Twentieth Century . Raymond F. Betts. Geography of Sugar Cane . Helmut Blume. The Mines of Neptune: Minerals and Metals from the Sea . Elisabeth Mann Borgese. Geographical Dimensions of Energy . F.J. Calzonetti and B.D. Solomon, eds. Statistical Methods for Geographers . W. A. V. Clark and P. L. Hosking. In The Wake of Columbus, Islands and Controversy . John DeVorsey, Jr., and John Parker, eds. Housing, States and Localities . Peter Dickens, Simon Duncan, Mark Goodwin and Fred Gray. Physician Location and Specialty Choice . Richard L. Ernst and Donald E. Yett. Practical Ecology for Geography and Biology: Survey, Mapping, and Data Analysis . D.D. Gilbertson , M. Kent and F.B. Pyatt Large Scale Water Transfers: Emerging Environmental and Social Experiences . Genady N. Golubev and Asit K. Biswas, eds. The Nature of the Environment . Andrew Goudie. Planning for Population Change . W.T.S. Gould and R. Lawton. The Niger and its Neighbors: Environmental History and Hydrobiology. Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers . A.T. Grove, ed. Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow . Dorothy K. Hall and Jaroslav Martinec. Atlas of Antebellum Southern Agriculture . Sam Bowers Hilliard. Galilee Divided; The Israel-Lebanon Frontier, 1916-1984 . Frederic C. Hor . Plains Country Towns . John C. Hudson. Agricultural Geography: A Social and Economic Analysis . Brian W. Ilbery. Industry in the 1980s: Structural Change and Interdependence . U.N. Industrial Development Organization. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States . Kenneth T. Jackson. The Industrial Geography of Italy . Russell King. Studies in Linguistic Geography: The Dialects of English in Britain and Ireland . John M. Kirk, Stewart Sanderson, J.D.A. Widdowson, eds. Tourism: A Community Approach . Peter E. Murphy. Cities and Services: The Geography of Collective Consumption . Steven Pinch. An Historical Geography of Europe 1800–1914 . Norman J. G. Pounds. An Introduction to Human Ecology Research on Agricultural Systems in Southeast Asia . A. Terry Rambo and Percy E. Sajise, eds. Discovering Past Landscapes . Michael Reed, ed. Managing the Ocean: Resources, Research, Law . Jacques G. Richardson, ed. Carta fitosociologica de la transecta botanica de la Patagonia Austral . F.A. Roig , Juan Anchorema , Orlando Dollenz , A.M. Faggi and Eduardo Mandez Intermetropolitan Migration in Canada: Changing Determinants over Three Decades . R. Paul Shaw. Chinese Cities—The Growth of the Metropolis since 1949 . Victor F. Sit, ed. Urbanization in the World-Economy . Michael Timberlake, ed. The Al Business: Commercial Uses of Artificial Intelligence . Patrick H. Winston and Karen A. Prendergast, eds.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1987,39(3):363-386

Book Reviewed in this article: Hillslope Processes. Binghamton Symposia in Geomorphology International Series: 16. Athol D. Abrahams , ed. The Atlas of Central America and the Caribbean. The Diagram Group . The Cultural Atlas of Islam. Isma'il R. al Faruqi and Lois Lamaya'al Faruqi . Atlas of Israel Contemporary Africa: Development, Culture and the State. Morag Bell . Fundamentals of Physical Geography. David Briggs and Peter Smithson . The Bicentennial Census: New Directions for Methodology in 1990. Constance F. Citro and Michael L. Cohen , eds . World Patterns of Modern Urban Change: Essays in Honor of Chauncy D. Harris. Michael P. Conzen , ed . New Directions for Agriculture and Agricultural Research: Neglected Dimensions and Emerging Alternatives. Kenneth A. Dahlberg , ed . Water Resources Atlas of Florida. E.A. Fernald and D.J. Patton , eds . Landscape Ecology. R.T.T. Forman and M. Godron . The Myth of the North American City: Continentalism Challenged. Michael Goldberg and John Mercer . The Permafrost Environment. Stuart A. Harris . Climate and Circulation of the Tropics. Stefan Hastenrath . The Island of South Georgia. Robert Headland . The Making of Urban Europe, 1000-1950. Paul M. Hohenberg and Lynn Hollen Lees . Bombay in Transition: The Growth and Social Ecology of a Colonial City, 1889–1980. Meera Kosambi . Plant Closings; Public or Private Choices? Richard B. McKenzie , ed . Malaysia: Tradition, Modernity and Islam. R.S. Milne and Diane K. Mauzy . Technology on the Frontier: Mining in Old Ontario. Dianne Newell . The Maritime Political Boundaries of the World. J.R.V. Prescott . Tall Office Buildings in the United States. James W. Pygman and Richard Kateley (Real Estate Research Corporation). Technology, Regions, and Policy. John Rees , ed . The United States and the Regional Organization of Asia and the Pacific: 1965-1985. W.W. Rostow . Renewable Energy: Progress, Prospects. Stephen W. Sawyer Wisconsin Foundations. Gwen Schultz . Dwelling, Place and Environment: Towards a Phenomenology of Person and World. David Seamon and Robert Mugerauer , eds . Power and Place: Canadian Urban Development in the North American Context. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise , eds . Small Firms in Regional Economic Development: Britain, Ireland and the United States. D. J. Storey , ed . Mathematical Methods in Human Geography and Planning. A. G. Wilson and R. J. Bennett . El Niño North: Niño Effects on the Eastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean. W. S. Wooster and D. L. Fluharty , eds . The Soviet Iron and Steel Industry. Craig ZumBrunnen and Jeffrey Osleeb .  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of the influence of management alternatives of a projected reservoir on a small alluvial aquifer affected by seawater intrusion (Almuñécar, Spain)     

F. Padilla  J. Benavente  J. Cruz-Sanjulián 《Environmental Geology》1997,33(1):72-80

The present study concerns the application of a numerical approach to describe the influence of anthropogenic modifications in surface flows (operation of a projected reservoir) on the freshwater-seawater relationships in a downstream coastal aquifer which has seasonal seawater intrusion problems (River Verde alluvial aquifer, Almuñécar, southern Spain). A steady-state finite element solution to the partial differential equation governing the regional motion of a phreatic surface and the resulting sharp interface between fresh water and salt water was used to predict the regional behavior of the River Verde aquifer under actual surface flow conditions. The present model approximates, with simple triangular elements, the regional behavior of a coastal aquifer under appropriate sinks, sources, Neumann and open boundary conditions. A steady-state solution to this numerical approach has been shown to precisely calculate freshwater heads, saltwater thicknesses, and freshwater discharges along steeply sloping coasts. Hence, the adequate treatment and interpretation of the hydrogeological data which are available for the River Verde aquifer have been of main concern in satisfactorily applying the proposed numerical model. Present simulated conditions consider steady-state yearly averaged amounts of external supplies of fresh water in order to determine the influences of the projected Otívar reservoir on the further behavior of the River Verde coastal aquifer. When recharges occur at the coastline, essentially because of freshwater deficits due to groundwater overexploitation, a hypothesis of mixing for the freshwater-saltwater transition zone is made in order to still allow the model to continue calculating groundwater heads under the sea level, and, as a consequence, the resulting seawater intrusion and recharges of saltwater from the sea. Simulations show that a considerable advance in seawater intrusion would be expected in the coastal aquifer if current rates of groundwater pumping continue and a significant part of the runoff from the River Verde is channeled from the Otívar reservoir for irrigation purposes.  相似文献   

Correlations between seabirds and ocenic fronts around the Pribilof Islands,Alaska     

Thomas H. Kinder  George L. Hunt  David Schneider  James D. Schumacher 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,16(3):309-319

Located on the extensive continental shelf of the Bering Sea, the Pribilof Islands, Alaska are the site of one of the largest breeding colonies of seabirds in the northern hemisphere. During summer these islands are surrounded by a front that separates vertically homogeneous waters from well stratified waters farther seaward. We studied the front with hydrographic data and the bird distributions with concurrent counts during summer 1977 and spring, summer and fall 1978. Murres (Uria lomvia and U. aalge) sitting on the water aggregated near the front during summer 1977 and probably during summer 1978. Other species, such as northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and auklets (Aethia pusilla and A. cristatella) were unaffected by the front. We hypothesize that the aggregation of the murres was related to an enhanced availability of their food near the front.  相似文献   

Demarcation of homogeneous structural domains within a rock mass based on joint orientation and trace length     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

This paper presents a new method for determining the structural domain boundaries within the rock mass. This new method is based on a statistical comparison of data from pairs of sample regions. The stereonet is divided into 100 windows with approximately equal areas. The poles of joints occurring in each corresponding window on the two projection plots of the regions being compared are then merged and arranged in ascending order with respect to their trace lengths. Finally, the Wald–Wolfowitz runs test is used to identify the homogeneity of structural populations by analyzing the joint sequence. Based on a significance level of 0.01, the homogeneity of structural populations collected from four adjacent adits at the Songta dam site is determined using the proposed method. The results show that the boundaries of structural domain change with the sizes of the sampling domains being compared. The initial sampling domains should be selected according to the engineering geological conditions of the studied area. In addition, the clear advantage of the proposed method is that both joint orientation and trace length are considered.  相似文献   

弹性矢量波成像域联合层析反演          下载免费PDF全文

秦宁  李振春  张凯  杨晓东 《地球物理学报》2013,56(9):3109-3117

在地震弹性矢量波场框架下,推导了多波联合层析速度反演方程以及走时残差与角道集剩余曲率的转换关系式,提出了一种利用成像域角道集更新P波、S波速度的走时层析反演方法.其实现过程可以概括为:将弹性波多分量数据作为输入,基于高斯束实现矢量波场成像并提取角道集,利用层析反演方程求解慢度更新量,最终获得多波联合反演结果.模型试算和实际资料处理验证了该方法的反演效果,能够为弹性矢量波联合深度偏移提供高质量的叠前速度场.  相似文献   

福建潘田铁矿床花岗岩岩石地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年代学及其与成矿的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

来守华  陈仁义  张达  狄永军  龚勇  袁远  陈良 《岩石学报》2014,30(6):1780-1792

潘田铁矿床矿体主要赋存于潘田花岗岩体外接触带的“硅钙岩性界面”中,其成矿与花岗岩侵入关系密切,是一个具有很大找矿潜力的富铁矿床。但前人对该花岗岩的研究还很薄弱,本文对潘田铁矿花岗岩进行了岩石地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年研究,探讨其岩石成因、形成时代、构造环境、及其与成矿的关系。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得其结晶年龄为131.68±0.48Ma。该岩体为高钾钙碱性系列,属弱过铝质-准铝质岩石;稀土元素总量较低,轻稀土相对于重稀土富集,具有明显铕负异常,重稀土配分模式相对平坦,中稀土相对亏损。微量元素中相对富集大离子亲石元素而亏损高场强元素。岩石地球化学特征表明潘田岩体为高分异I型花岗岩,形成于碰撞后拉张环境。潘田铁矿床矿体与花岗岩体的空间分布规律与成因关系表明,花岗岩侵入作用是控制主成矿阶段矿体空间定位的地质作用,花岗岩是铁矿床的成矿地质体,林地组碎屑岩与黄龙组-栖霞组碳酸盐岩的接触界面是成矿有利部位,矿床类型属于典型“硅钙岩性界面”成矿,本矿床的成因类型属于“多因耦合、临界转换、边界成矿”的典型案例。  相似文献   

边坡模糊可靠性分析隶属函数取值界限研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张永杰  李侑军  李邵军 《岩土力学》2014,35(4):1157-1163

针对岩土参数取值所具有的随机性、模糊性与区间性特征,建议采用隶属函数表征参数取值,分别构造了岩土参数三角形分布、正态分布与拟正态分布隶属函数,并建立了采用隶属函数取值界限表示的不同截集水平岩土参数区间值确定方法,提出分别采用均值加减2.5倍标准差与3倍标准差确定岩土参数三角形分布与拟正态分布隶属函数取值界限,进而以此为基础采用模糊点估计分析方法对工程算例进行分析,结果表明,在截集水平个数为11时,模糊点估计方法所得边坡稳定模糊可靠性指标与蒙特卡洛法所得随机概率可靠性指标精度相当,截集水平个数为9时,评价结果偏安全,建议在工程分析时,截集水平取0.1⁰.9间的9个,该方法计算过程直接简单,计算代价低,更具工程实用性。  相似文献   

On open boundary conditions for three dimensional primitive equation ocean circulation models     

David P. Stevens 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):103-133

Abstract

An open boundary condition is constructed for three dimensional primitive equation ocean circulation models. The boundary condition utilises dominant balances in the governing equations to assist calculations of variables at the boundary. The boundary condition can be used in two forms. Firstly as a passive one in which there is no forcing at the boundary and phenomena generated within the domain of interest can propagate outwards without distorting the interior. Secondly as an active condition where a model is forced by the boundary condition. Three simple idealised tests are performed to verify the open boundary condition, (1) a passive condition to test the outflow of free Kelvin waves, (2) an active condition during the spin up phase of an ocean, (3) finally an example of the use of the condition in a tropical ocean.  相似文献   

高保真VSP波场分离方法研究     

朱海龙  张山 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(4):1557-1564

三维VSP资料中,各种不同类型的波混杂一起形成复杂的波场.因此,波场分离是三维VSP数据处理关键的第一步.从不同波场的偏振方向和传播方向之差异着手,提出了一种高保真的VSP波场分离方法.首先通过射线追踪和偏振滤波的结合,把复杂波场(分解为简单波场;然后根据简单波场中不同波的传播方向截然相反的特点,进行方向滤波,达到波场分离的目的.实际数据处理表明,与常规波场分离方法相比,本方法大大降低了混波作用以及由此而生的波形畸变.  相似文献