“THIS TERRITORY WAS NOT EMPTY”: PACIFIC POSSIBILITIES     

MATT K. MATSUDA 《Geographical review》2007,97(2):230-243

ABSTRACT. Narratives concerning Pacific Ocean territories are often historically derived from European and American mainland visions of great, empty oceans dotted with deserted and uninhabited islands. However, research by indigenous and outlander scholars, along with struggles for political and cultural autonomy in the Pacific, has brought attention to vital island communities and 6has raised questions about a Pacific‐island way of understanding the world. This understanding is traced through scholarly and artistic engagements with history, island‐community studies, and navigational philosophies and is framed by a growing theoretical literature on epistemologies of place from the disciplines of geography and oceanography.  相似文献   

Full three-dimensional tomography: a comparison between the scattering-integral and adjoint-wavefield methods   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Po Chen  Thomas H. Jordan  Li Zhao 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(1):175-181

This paper analyses the computational issues of full 3-D tomography, in which the starting model as well as the model perturbation is 3-D and the sensitivity (Fréchet) kernels are calculated using the full physics of 3-D wave propagation. We compare two formulations of the structural inverse problem: the adjoint-wavefield (AW) method, which back-propagates the data from the receivers to image structure, and the scattering-integral (SI) method, which sets up the inverse problem by calculating and storing the Fréchet kernels for each data functional. The two inverse methods are closely related, but which one is more efficient depends on the overall problem geometry, particularly on the ratio of sources to receivers, as well as trade-offs in computational resources, such as the relative costs of compute cycles to data storage. We find that the SI method is computationally more efficient than the AW method in regional waveform tomography using large sets of natural sources, although it requires more storage.  相似文献   

一种稳定的波场延拓反Q滤波算法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张显文  韩立国  张凤蛟  单刚义 《应用地球物理》2007,4(4):263-270

反Q滤波算法中稳定性是关键。针对地下介质为层状Q模型结构,本文提出一种稳定的反Q滤波算法,基于波场延拓原理,对于每个常Q层反Q滤波算法分两步完成:(1)利用一种稳定的波场延拓算法,将地表波场记录直接延拓到当前层上;(2)在当前层内进行常Q反滤波。在步骤(1)中,利用稳定的波场延拓算法并结合稳定因子,将地表波场记录直接延拓到当前层上,避免了上覆层反Q滤波误差的累积。在步骤(2)中,对于当前层内的反Q滤波,通过对该层地震信号的Gabor谱分析,拾取时变的限幅频率,并确定相应于该频率值的限幅增益值来实现反Q滤波算法的稳定性。最后通过理论模型与实际数据验证了算法的优越性。  相似文献   

Metallogenic relationships to tectonic evolution - the Lachlan Orogen, Australia     

Frank P Bierlein  David R Gray  David A Foster 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,202(1):1-13

Placing ore formation within the overall tectonic framework of an evolving orogenic system provides important constraints for the development of plate tectonic models. Distinct metallogenic associations across the Palaeozoic Lachlan Orogen in SE Australia are interpreted to be the manifestation of interactions between several microplates and three accretionary complexes in an oceanic back-arc setting. In the Ordovician, significant orogenic gold deposits formed within a developing accretionary wedge along the Pacific margin of Gondwana. At the same time, major porphyry Cu-Au systems formed in an oceanic island arc outboard of an evolved magmatic arc that, in turn, gave rise to granite-related Sn-W deposits in the Early Silurian. During the ongoing evolution of the orogen in the Late Silurian to Early Devonian, sediment-hosted Cu-Au and Pb-Zn deposits formed in short-lived intra-arc basins, whereas a developing fore-arc system provided the conditions for the formation of several volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits. Inversion of these basins and accretion to the Australian continental margin triggered another pulse of orogenic gold mineralisation during the final consolidation of the orogenic belt in the Middle to Late Devonian.  相似文献   

Melt segregation in the continental crust: distribution and movement of melt in anatectic rocks   总被引：31，自引：3，他引：31  

E. W. Sawyer 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2001,19(3):291-309

The grain‐ and outcrop‐scale distribution of melt has been mapped in anatectic rocks from regional and contact metamorphic environments and used to infer melt movement paths. At the grain scale, anatectic melt is pervasively distributed in the grain boundaries and in small pools; consequently, most melt is located parallel to the principal fabric in the rock, typically a foliation. Short, branched arrays of linked, melt‐bearing grain boundaries connect melt‐depleted parts of the matrix to diffuse zones of melt accumulation (protoleucosomes), where magmatic flow and alignment of euhedral crystals grown from the melt developed. The distribution of melt (leucosome) and residual rocks (normally melanocratic) in outcrop provides different, but complementary, information. The residual rocks show where the melt came from, and the leucosomes preserve some of the channels through which the melt moved, or sites where it pooled. Different stages of the melt segregation process are recorded in the leucosome–melanosome arrays. Regions where melting and segregation had just begun when crystallization occurred are characterized by short arrays of thin, branching leucosomes with little melanosome. A more advanced stage of melting and segregation is marked by the development of residual rocks around extensive, branched leucosome arrays, generally oriented along the foliation or melting layer. Places where melting had stopped, or slowed down, before crystallization began are marked by a high ratio of melanosome to leucosome; because most of the melt has drained away, very few leucosomes remain to mark the melt escape path — this is common in melt‐depleted granulite terranes. Many migmatites contain abundant leucosomes oriented parallel to the foliation; mostly, these represent places where foliation planes dilated and melt drained from the matrix via the branched grain boundary and larger branched melt channel (leucosome) arrays collected. Melt collected in the foliation planes was partially, or fully, expelled later, when discordant leucosomes formed. Leucosomes (or veins) oriented at high angles to the foliation/layering formed last and commonly lack melanocratic borders; hence they were not involved in draining the matrix of the melting layer. Discordant leucosomes represent the channels through which melt flowed out of the melting layer.  相似文献   

基于页面物理模拟的复杂介质地震波场特征分析     

韩立国  薛建  王者江 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(2):222-226

地震记录是地下介质的物性和形态变化的综合反映，对于金属矿等复杂介质地区做物理模拟时得到的地震记录的震相非常凌乱，直接对其进行解释是非常困难的。根据波场的更加原理，对原始设计的实验物理模型进行了分解和重新组合，制作了近似的页面物理模型来逐步逼近原始模型。通过分离模型地震记录的分析，准确地把握其波场特征，为实际的复杂介质模型地震波场的研究提供了依据，很好地解释了组合模型下地震波场的分析与识别问题。  相似文献   

Multiresolution tectonic features over the Earth inferred from a wavelet transformed geoid   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ludìk Vecsey  Catherine A. Hier Majumder  David A. Yuen 《Visual Geosciences》2003,8(1):1-42

Geoid signals give information about the underlying density structure and can be used to locate the source depth of the mass anomalies. Wavelet analysis allows a multiresolution analysis of the signal and permits one to zoom into a specific area bounded by a particular length scale. The ability of wavelets to resolve the geoid signal into individual wavelength components without losing the spatial information makes this method superior to the more common spherical harmonic method. The wavelet analysis allows one to zoom into a specific area and look at the regional geology. We have used a wavelet transform of the geoid to study the regional geology of Japan and the Philippine Plate, South America, Europe, North America, East Africa and the Middle East, India and the Himalayas, China and Southeast Asia, and Australia. By filtering the Earth’s geoid anomalies with 2-D Gaussian wavelets at various horizontal length scales, one can detect the subduction zones along South America, the Aleutians, and the western Pacific; the Himalayas; the Zagros Mountains; the Mid-Atlantic ridge; and the island chains of the mid-Pacific. We have processed geoid data with a horizontal resolution down to approximately 200 km. Using an adjustable wavelet, one can detect structures that can only be picked up visually with much higher resolution spherical harmonic gravity data. We have also looked at the wavelength at which the maximum signal occurs over a range of scales. This method, known as E-max and k-max, is especially effective for detecting plate tectonic boundaries and ancient suture zones along with areas of strong non-isostatic gravitational potential due to high differential stress. These areas are likely to be at high risk of earthquakes. These methods will be especially useful to future studies of the geoid potentials of other planets, such as Mars and Venus, since they will allow careful studies of the regional geology variations with geoid data of the resolution available from satellites.  相似文献   

Earth''''s deformation due to the dynamical perturbations of the fluid outer core     

徐建桥  孙和平 《地震学报(英文版)》2002,15(4)

Introduction The fluid outer core separates the solid inner core from the solid elastic mantle, and as a result, makes the free and forced movement of this mechanical system more complicated and profuse. As the elastic mantle, the free oscillations may occur within the Earths fluid outer core (FOC) due to excitation of a strong and deep earthquake (Crossley, 1975b; Friedlander, Siegmann, 1982; Shen, 1983; Friedlander, 1985). However, compared with the oscillations of the elastic mantle, i…  相似文献   

液核动力学扰动引起的地球形变   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

徐建桥  孙和平 《地震学报》2002,24(4):397-406

讨论了地球固体部分对液核动力学效应引发的核幔边界和内核边界上压力和引力扰动的形变响应．采用弹性-引力形变理论描述地幔和内核的形变，给出了内部负荷Love数的一般表达式．以初始参考地球模型为例，分别计算了在地球表面、核幔边界和内核边界上的内部负荷Love数．探讨了液核边界上压力和引力扰动导致的地球形变场的空间和频率分布特征．本文的结果可以为中短周期液核动力学理论模拟提供必要的边界条件．   相似文献   

On strike-slip faulting in layered media   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Maurizio Bonafede  Beatrice Parenti  Eleonora Rivalta 《Geophysical Journal International》2002,149(3):698-723

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