吹填土自重沉淤阶段孔隙水压力消散的试验研究     

宋晶  王清  孙铁  李晓茹  张中琼  焦志亮 《岩土力学》2010,31(9):2935-2940

利用真空预压法处理吹填土时,细颗粒常堵塞排水管,导致土体排水不畅。为提高吹填土固结效率,采用自重沉淤排水与加负压排水固结相结合的方式在室内进行吹填土固结试验。试验第一阶段用排水管作为吹填土自重沉淤的竖向排水通道;第二阶段以装入中粗砂的排水管作吹填土排水通道,同时也是压力传递通道。试验监测到吹填土固结过程中不同位置孔隙水压力的变化,通过监测数据着重研究自重沉淤排水阶段吹填土的固结规律。借助渗流平衡方程确定吹填土在自重沉淤阶段孔隙水压力变化主要由排水管中水位、单位土面积控制,解释自重沉淤阶段孔隙水压力变化机理。同时,为了减小由于排水距离远近造成的固结不均,利用自重沉淤与加压固结结合的方法使吹填土达到较为理想的固结效果,将砂井设计理论与孔隙水压力变化曲线相结合确定排水管有效排水范围等效直径,为实际工程提供排水管间距的设计参数。  相似文献   

云南省工业试点县耕地数量变化特征及其驱动力分析——以兰坪县为例     

秦国真  杨润高 《云南地理环境研究》2010,22(5):82-87

根据兰坪县2001～2008年的统计资料,对兰坪县耕地数量变化的影响因素进行了研究。应用灰色关联分析的方法,定量地诊断出各影响因素与耕地数量变化的关联度,然后依据关联度的大小,从诸因素中找出主要影响因素以及次要影响因素,并在此基础上提出建议,以促进耕地资源的可持续利用。研究表明：总人口的增加,农业科技的应用和农业经济结构的调整以及经济的发展是近8年来兰坪县耕地面积变化的主要影响因素。  相似文献   

Assessing changes in extreme sea levels: Application to the English Channel, 1900–2006     

Ivan Haigh  Robert Nicholls  Neil Wells 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

A recently extended and spatially rich English Channel sea level dataset has been used to evaluate changes in extreme still water levels throughout the 20th century. Sea level records from 18 tide gauges have been rigorously checked for errors and split into mean sea level, tidal and non-tidal components. These components and the interaction between surge and tide have been analysed separately for significant trends before determining changes in extreme sea level. Mean sea level is rising at 0.8–2.3 mm/year, depending on location. There is a small increase (0.1–0.3 mm/year) in the annual mean high water of astronomical tidal origin, relative to mean sea level, and an increase (0.2–0.6 mm/year) in annual mean tidal range. There is considerable intra- and inter-decadal variability in surge intensity with the strongest intensity in the late 1950s. Storm surges show a statistically significant weak negative correlation to the winter North Atlantic Oscillation index throughout the Channel and a stronger significant positive correlation at the boundary with the southern North Sea. Tide–surge interactions increase eastward along the English Channel, but no significant long-term changes in the distribution of tide–surge interaction are evident. In conclusion, extreme sea levels increased at all of the 18 sites, but at rates not statistically different from that observed in mean sea level.  相似文献   

长春地区中更新世晚期古环境重建的沉积地球化学与孢粉学证据     

王丹萍  王锡魁  江裕标 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2010,40(5):1066-1074

通过对长春地区HDBZK-1孔沉积序列的热释光测年和沉积物粒度分析,选取对气候变化较为敏感的K₂O、Na₂O、MgO、CaO、Al₂O₃等氧化物及K₂O/ Na₂O、Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃+CaO+Na₂O)作为环境代用指标,并与孢粉分析资料相结合,分析了长春地区中更新世晚期（约280～120 kaB.P.）的气候环境变化。结果表明：该区中更新世晚期总体经历了4次明显的冷干-暖湿气候变化,即寒冷干旱（281.6～244.0 kaB.P.）-温凉稍湿（244.0～215.0 kaB.P.）-寒冷干旱（215.0～ 131.8 kaB.P.）-以淡水藻类花粉突然增多为明显标志的暖湿（131.8～126.4 kaB.P.）;这与深海氧同位素曲线所反映的气候变化旋回有较好的对应关系。  相似文献   

Mapping land cover changes in Mexico, 1976–2000 and applications for guiding environmental management policy     

Alejandro Velázquez  Jean‐François Mas  Gerardo Bocco  José Luis Palacio‐Prieto 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2010,31(2):152-162

Land use conversion typically implicates deforestation and fragmentation of primary land cover types, which invariably translates into impoverishment of both natural and cultural capital. Understanding where conversion is taking place crucially underpins sound environmental policy instruments to prevent these enormous social and economic costs. This paper examines 30 years of semi‐detailed (1:250 000) land cover mapping in Mexico. Pre‐existing analogue databases describing land cover patterns in the 1970s and 1990s were reviewed, corrected, reorganized and transformed into a digital format. Current land cover patterns were depicted by conducting updated reinterpretation on Landsat ETM+ imagery. Digital cartographic overlaying was performed and the results were used to construct a spatially explicit land use/land cover change (LULCC) database with an additional accuracy assessment procedure. The value of the results of this analysis is also seen in the light of their direct applications for identifying critical watershed trends, for guiding the allocation of financial funds for sound land use planning and for assessing the effectiveness of established protected areas. This effort highlights the importance of new and more effective geographical approaches to depict, understand and contribute to informed measures to mitigate ongoing negative trends in land cover and climatic changes.  相似文献   

近期长江北支口门圆陀角附近潮滩地貌动态变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张振克  谢丽  丛宁  李瑛  王秀玲  何华春 《地理研究》2010,29(5):909-916

圆陀角位于长江北支岸线与江苏海岸线的交会处,独特的互花米草潮滩、淤泥质光滩环境和复杂的河海沉积动力,决定了潮滩地貌对海洋环境变化的响应具有敏感性。由于大规模的围垦,圆陀角附近过去40年来海岸线向东推进了6km。根据2006年以来多次的野外调查和室内粒度与钻孔岩芯的¹³⁷Cs分析, 2006年以来圆陀角附近潮滩淤积明显加强,由¹³⁷Cs时标估算的互花米草滩多年平均沉积速率为2.3cm/a, 2006~2008年观测到的互花米草滩淤积速率>4cm/a,粉砂淤泥质光滩的淤积速率更高;圆陀角风景区内互花米草滩前缘陡坎在风暴潮影响下侵蚀后退,并因粉砂淤泥质光滩的快速淤长而消亡,圆陀角附近潮滩地貌动态是对人类围垦活动、风暴潮与潮汐海洋动力的综合响应,互花米草与光滩快速淤积是近期圆陀角附近潮滩地貌演化的主要特点。  相似文献   

内蒙古辉腾锡勒全新世中晚期环境变迁的孢粉记录   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵志丽  王永  迟振卿  关友义  姚培毅 《地质力学学报》2011,17(1):103-110

通过对内蒙古中部辉腾锡勒湖泊沉积特征及孢粉组合特征的综合分析,重建了该地区全新世中晚期以来气候环境变化过程。研究结果表明,该地区5390 a以来气候总体上由温湿转变为冷干,具体可以分为5个阶段: 5390 ~ 3970 a,以温暖偏湿气候为主; 3970 ~ 3300 a,气候仍为温和偏湿; 3300 ~ 2380 a,A/C比值明显降低,标志着全新世大暖期结束,凉偏干气候显著; 2380 ~ 1160 a,气候转为凉湿,为大暖期结束后一个特殊湿润时期; 1160 a以来气候向温凉偏干转变。   相似文献   

额济纳绿洲不同植被覆盖下土壤特性的时空变化   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

席海洋  冯起  司建华  常宗强  苏永红  郭瑞 《中国沙漠》2011,31(1):68-75

额济纳绿洲地处干旱内陆河地区。在分析额济纳绿洲土壤特性的基础上,以不同植被类型下的土壤作为分析对象,根据观测的土壤含水量数据及环境因子的观测数据,研究了额济纳绿洲土壤水分的时空变化规律,分析了土壤水分变化与环境因子之间的关系,建立了土壤含水量与环境因子之间的回归模型。研究结果表明,土壤剖面土壤类型及结构差异较大,土壤类型的差异主要受成土条件的制约和外部自然环境的影响,戈壁地区与其他几种植被类型下的土壤差异最为显著;土壤类型及结构的差异,土壤容重变化的特性及土壤水势、土壤含水量的变化,直接影响着植被的生长和分布;额济纳绿洲不同植被类型下的土壤含水量变化差异显著;土壤含水量的季节变化分析表明,土壤剖面中不同层的土壤含水量变化也存在着一定的差异,可以分成不同的稳定变化层,急剧变化层和相对稳定层;土壤含水量的日变化受环境因子的影响较为明显,空气温湿度、土壤温度及地下水水位埋深是影响土壤含水量最为显著的因素。  相似文献   

Investigation of Coulomb stress changes in south Tibet(central Himalayas) due to the 25th April 2015 M_W 7.8 Nepal earthquake using a Coulomb stress transfer model          下载免费PDF全文

Xu Cheng  Guojie Meng 《地震科学（英文版）》2016,29(5):271-279

After M_W 7.8 Nepal earthquake occurred, the rearrangement of stresses in the crust commonly leads to subsequent damaging earthquakes. We present the calculations of the coseismic stress changes that resulted from the 25 th April event using models of regional faults designed according to south Tibet-Nepal structure, and show that some indicative significant stress increases. We calculate static stress changes caused by the displacement of a fault on which dislocations happen and an earthquake occurs. A M_W 7.3 earthquake broke on 12 May at a distance of * 130 km SEE of the M_W 7.8 earthquake, whose focus roughly located on high Coulomb stress change(CSC) site. Aftershocks(first 15 days after the mainshock)are associated with stress increase zone caused by the main rupture. We set receiver faults with specified strikes, dips,and rakes, on which the stresses imparted by the source fault are resolved. Four group normal faults to the north of the Nepal earthquake seismogenic fault were set as receiver faults and variant results followed. We provide a discussion on Coulomb stress transfer for the seismogenic fault, which is useful to identify potential future rupture zones.  相似文献   

疏勒河灌区2000-2014年植被生态适宜需水动态研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶红梅  陈少辉  盛丰 《冰川冻土》2016,38(1):231-240

以疏勒河灌区为研究对象,利用2000-2014年MOD13Q1遥感数据,采用植被生长旺季的增强型植被指数(EVI)建立植被生态分区标准,获得人工种植植被区、中覆盖率天然植被区、低覆盖率天然植被区、荒漠稀疏植被区和荒漠区的面积数据,采用阿维里扬诺夫潜水蒸发模型估算了各类生态分区的植被生态需水量,分析了各类植被生态适宜需水量的时空变化规律.结果表明,研究区总植被生态需水量年均增幅达2.64%,其中,人工种植地植被生态需水量年均增幅达3.65%,呈现稳定增长的趋势;天然植被生态需水量年均减少幅度为1.58%,呈现逐步减少的趋势.最后,根据疏勒河干流昌马堡水文站同时期的年均径流量数据,分析了影响植被生态适宜需水动态变化的因素,揭示了植被生态适宜需水量对径流量变化和灌区工程建设的响应关系,为灌区水资源配置提供了科学依据.  相似文献