平差参数的岭估计和压缩估计     

张方仁  汪晓庆 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1989,(3)

当法方程的系数矩阵呈病态时,平差参数的统计性质就要变坏。为改善最小二乘估计,本文介绍岭估计和压缩估计,在一定条件下,岭估计和压缩估计的均方误差要小于最小二乘估计的均方误差。本文提出了各种求岭系数和压缩系数的方法,并对它们的使用提出了一些意见。  相似文献   

Statistical models for the estimation of net phosphorus sedimentation in lakes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yves T. Prairie 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1989,51(3):192-210

The empirical adequacy of four phosphorus mass-balance models is evaluated with respect to how the prediction error variance of the corresponding net sedimentation parameters is propagated in the steadystate equations. Using the criterion of minimum propagation error variance (PEV), different groups of lakes can be distinguished for which different empirical equations are used to predict net phosphorus sedimentation. The classification reduced prediction error significantly and also reflected different patterns of sedimentation. Application of this criterion to time-series of individual lakes shows that it is possible to determine a priori whether net annual sedimentation will be better correlated to the annual loading or to the lake content. The correlations depended also on the load/lake content ratio, suggesting that net sedimentation is best viewed as the sum of the partial sedimentation of the load and of the partial sedimentation of the lake content. On average, 25% of the load and 18% of the lake content are sedimented annually. Viewing net phosphorus sedimentation as a function of both the load and the lake content can also explain and predict the well-known cross-sectional correlation between phosphorus retention and water residence time.  相似文献   

配置法在导线平差中的应用     

周光文  余茂华 《华东地质学院学报》1989,12(3):81-87

  相似文献   

Validation and error analysis of a strata modelling technique     

A. D. Mayer  A. K. Isaac  P. Neve 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1984,2(4):305-321

Summary Sources of error are investigated for a two-dimensional finite difference computer program designed to model strata deformation. The program calculates the displacements of a mesh of mass points, by the iterative solution of equations of equilibrium for the stresses acting on each mass point. The effect of errors on both displacement estimates and stress estimates is considered.Round-off errors are discussed analytically, while the effect of choosing too coarse a mesh density is demonstrated by comparison of two runs of the program with identical material properties, but different mesh densities. The influence of boundary conditions and the result of incomplete relaxation of the finite difference equations is estimated by comparison with Kirsch's analytical solution for a thin plate of finite width with a circular hole under unidimensional load.As a result of the analysis, estimators for stresses and displacements are derived, which make allowance for some of the sources of error; suitable boundary conditions for first and subsequent runs of the program are proposed; and a convergence criterion for the iterative process is suggested. These results are then applied to simulations of mining situations, together with various refinements of the basic model, such as separation and slip between adjacent strata, and an allowance for failure of material.  相似文献   

Geostatistical integration of MT and borehole data for RMR evaluation     

Seokhoon Oh  Hojoon Chung  Duk Kee Lee 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(8):1070-1078

The geostatistical approach was applied to integrate MT (Magneto-telluric) resistivity data and borehole information for the spatial RMR (Rock Mass Rating) evaluation. Generally, resistivity of the subsurface is believed to be positively related to the RMR, thus the resistivity and borehole RMR information was combined in a geostatistical approach. To relate the two different sets of data, the MT resistivity data were used as secondary information and the RMR mean values were estimated at unsampled points by identification of the resistivity to the borehole data. Two types of approach are performed for the estimation of RMR mean values. Then the residuals of the RMR values around the borehole sites are geostatistically modeled to infer the spatial structure of difference between real RMR values and estimated mean values. Finally, this geostatistical estimation is added to the previous means. The result applied to a real situation shows prominent improvements to reflect the subsurface structure and spatial resolution of RMR information.  相似文献   

Estimating Variogram Uncertainty   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

B. P. Marchant  R. M. Lark 《Mathematical Geology》2004,36(8):867-898

The variogram is central to any geostatistical survey, but the precision of a variogram estimated from sample data by the method of moments is unknown. It is important to be able to quantify variogram uncertainty to ensure that the variogram estimate is sufficiently accurate for kriging. In previous studies theoretical expressions have been derived to approximate uncertainty in both estimates of the experimental variogram and fitted variogram models. These expressions rely upon various statistical assumptions about the data and are largely untested. They express variogram uncertainty as functions of the sampling positions and the underlying variogram. Thus the expressions can be used to design efficient sampling schemes for estimating a particular variogram. Extensive simulation tests show that for a Gaussian variable with a known variogram, the expression for the uncertainty of the experimental variogram estimate is accurate. In practice however, the variogram of the variable is unknown and the fitted variogram model must be used instead. For sampling schemes of 100 points or more this has only a small effect on the accuracy of the uncertainty estimate. The theoretical expressions for the uncertainty of fitted variogram models generally overestimate the precision of fitted parameters. The uncertainty of the fitted parameters can be determined more accurately by simulating multiple experimental variograms and fitting variogram models to these. The tests emphasize the importance of distinguishing between the variogram of the field being surveyed and the variogram of the random process which generated the field. These variograms are not necessarily identical. Most studies of variogram uncertainty describe the uncertainty associated with the variogram of the random process. Generally however, it is the variogram of the field being surveyed which is of interest. For intensive sampling schemes, estimates of the field variogram are significantly more precise than estimates of the random process variogram. It is important, when designing efficient sampling schemes or fitting variogram models, that the appropriate expression for variogram uncertainty is applied.  相似文献   

Tidal flow asymmetry in the diurnal regime: bed-load transport and morphologic changes around the Red River Delta     

D. S. van Maren  P. Hoekstra  A. J. F. Hoitink 《Ocean Dynamics》2004,54(3-4):424-434

The relation between tidal flow asymmetry and net transport of sediment in the semidiurnal regime has been extensively described. This study reveals that in the diurnal regime, the direction of long-term net bed-load transport and resulting morphologic changes is partly determined by the phase-angle relationship of O₁, K₁, and M₂. Simple analytical formulations of time-averaged bed-load transport were derived which separate the relative contributions of tidal asymmetry from that of residual flow with tidal stirring. In this particular case, the Red River Delta in Vietnam, transports related to tidal asymmetry are larger than those induced by the monsoon currents, and are an order of magnitude larger than those associated with topographic residual flow around the delta. Tide-induced morphologic changes dominate at water depths between 10 and 25 m, of which the patterns of erosion and deposition overlap with observed bathymetric changes. Additional observed changes that occur in more shallow water cannot be explained by tidal asymmetry and are probably related to wave action and to deposition from the buoyant river plume.Responsible Editor: Jens Kappenberg  相似文献   

雪峰山特长隧道平面控制测量基准的建立   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王守彬  李林  王新洲 《测绘信息与工程》2005,30(1):33-34

介绍了GPS技术应用于雪峰山特长隧道工程平面测量基准建立的方法,分析了GPS控制网的观测质量,并就GPS控制测量误差对隧道横向贯通误差的影响值进行了估算。  相似文献   

再谈测距仪加、乘常数的检验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

叶晓明  凌模  陈增辉 《测绘信息与工程》2005,30(6):34-36

以理论和数据再次阐明测距仪加、乘常数误差的概念和检定原理,指出了国家测距仪检定规程JJG703-2003的不足。  相似文献   

InSAR系列讲座5:InSAR系统中的误差传播   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘国祥 《四川测绘》2005,28(2):92-95

作为InSAR系列讲座的第五篇，本文介绍InSAR高程与形变测量中的误差来源，对主要误差源（干涉相位、基线参数和地形数据）推导出误差传播模型。此外，还将讨论地形数据误差对干涉形变测量的影响。  相似文献