Fast-changing processes in a medium subject to loading as detected by resistivity measurements     

Wojciech Stopiński  Gienadiy A. Sobolev  Aleksandr W. Ponomaryov  Vladimir Los 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1991,136(1):49-58

Making measurements of electric resistivity at 16 s intervals, the authors noticed fast changes of this parameter prior to the occurrence of the main fracture. The changes are superposed on bay pulsations of increasing amplitude and decreasing period. This finding opens prospects for a wider use of an electric resistivity method and proves the high quality of automatic instruments, in particular their high resolution. It also gives evidence for the occurrence of short-period precursors in the fracture zone while the main fracture is being formed.  相似文献   

机载合成孔径雷达图像频谱分析技术地质应用评价     

朱亮璞  金丽芳  李晓莉  龙云林 《遥感学报》1991,(2)

频谱分析是空间滤波的一种。本文使用光学傅里叶变换分析SAR图像的空间频率特征。从取得的功率谱与功率谱角分布数据中可以:(1)确定与雷达后向散射方向有关面的走向最大(最小)方位角;(2)分析频谱曲线两个峰的夹角及其地学意义;(3)推算其水系密度;(4)研究样区地形基本特征。 这些资料有助于研究线性构造区域展布特征,岩类识别和地貌分类等。  相似文献   

Time-dependent behaviour of the rock mass   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. Z. Lajtai 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1991,9(2):109-124

Summary The strength of intact rock and the rock mass is time-dependent. For intact rock experimental verification is available, for the rock mass the scale of time-dependence is a matter of judgement. Rock mass classifications do however emphasize the effect of time on tunnel stability. This paper examines the source of time-dependence in rocks and the rock mass and suggests a technique for estimating the long term strength. The long term strength of the rock mass is controlled by the time-dependent weakening of intact rock. Frictional resistance, a major source of rock mass strength, increases rather than decreases with time. Lifetime estimation for rocks can be accomplished phenomenologically or mechanistically. The first is a statistical process of wide applicability, the second is more restrictive in usage as its applies only to materials that suffer time-dependent strain (creep). Although the mechanistic route is more appealing, it has a major drawback as it concentrates on steady state creep. There is no strong evidence for steady state creep in rocks. The technique for long term prediction is developed through the analysis of the failure rate under constant load. The failure rate for a given load and environment is established from the frequency distribution of time-to-failure data as measured in static fatigue tests. As expected, the failure rate is strongly affected by both the loading and the environmental condition. The influence, however, is systematic and predictable.  相似文献   

孔隙压变化对岩石错动面滑动行为影响的实验研究          下载免费PDF全文

李建国  宋瑞卿 《地震地质》1994,16(1):53-59

应用摩擦实验装置，在法向压力σ＿ｎ＝１０～１２０ＭＰａ下研究了孔隙压变化速率对岩石错动面滑动行为的影响。当孔隙压增压速率较大时，具粘滑振荡特性的岩石错动面仍将发生粘滑振荡，当孔隙压增压速率较小时，错动面发生稳定滑动，当增压速率介于上述两者之间时，错动面则呈粘滑－稳滑转化。以上结果对地震前兆和地震控制研究有重要意义  相似文献   

岩石的热惯量研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

崔承禹 《遥感学报》1994,(3)

本文阐述了热惯量的物理意义及其在地质遥感中的作用。在测得２３种岩石热物理性质的有关参数──热传导率、热容量和密度的基础上，计算并列表给出了岩石的热惯量值和热扩散系数等基础数据。文中分析讨论了沉积岩、变质岩和岩浆岩岩石的热惯量变化由高到低的初步规律。取得了碳酸盐岩和砂岩类等沉积岩和沉积浅变质岩的热惯量差异的结果，指出了它们的易区分性；也指出了中－酸性、碱性岩浆岩之间的热惯量值差异较小，不易区分。  相似文献   

破裂岩石的电子发射与压缩原子模型   总被引：16，自引：5，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

郭自强  尤峻汉 《地球物理学报》1989,32(2):173-177

本文根据压缩原子模型提出岩石在高压及破裂过程中产生自由电子的一种可能机制。根据这种机制可在半定量水平上较为满意地解释岩石破裂中的电子发射、光辐射和岩石的爆炸式破裂。  相似文献   

岩样中包体构造的CT实验探测   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

韩彪  冯锐 《地球物理学报》1989,32(4):409-416

CT技术图象重建方法可分为变换法和代数法两大类。本文讨论了几种代数重建法的特点,开展了地球物理CT技术在岩石实验中应用的探讨性工作。研究表明,实验数据的测量误差直接影响着反演结果,当测量误差比较大时,即使数据量很大,也难以提高反演结果的分辨。岩样的吸收、换能器与样品的耦合、岩样均匀性等因素对实验数据的测量精度都有着重要的影响。文中还针对实验条件进行了数值模拟,以检验本方案的可行性,并对当前流行的BPT、ART和SIRT算法及其组合算法的成象能力结合本实验的条件进行了性能的比较。结果表明:BPT方法计算简单,但所给出的图象偏粗糙,特别是在井间观测时水平方向的分辨率较差;ART方法收敛速度快,图象的反差大,反演结果的高频成分比较丰富,但边界异常大;SIRT方法收敛速度慢,图象的低频比较好,结构平滑,边界异常小,反演受测量误差的影响比较小。综合了ART和SIRT两种反演方法特点的ART-SIRT联合反演方法比较理想,发挥出了各自的长处。  相似文献   

Waterjet-assisted rock cutting systems — the present state of the art     

Michael Hood 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1985,3(2):91-111

Summary A review of the benefits of assisting mechanical tools, notably drag bits, with moderate pressure waterjets suitably directed with respect to the bit is given. These benefits include reduced bit forces, especially the bit normal force, reduced bit wear, reduced dust make, and reduced incidence of frictional sparking. The research work that has been conducted to date to investigate this phenomenon has been empirical in nature. Experiments are described that extend the data bank of this empirical knowledge. In addition, experiments aimed at gaining a better understanding of the fundamentals of the rock fragmentation process with this hybrid cutting method are outlined.Results from the first of these experimental series are used to make recommendations as to the position of the jet with respect to the bit, the stand-off distance between the nozzle exit and the bit/rock interface, and the jet energy. In addition, preliminary findings are reported regarding the increase necessary in the jet energy when the bit velocity is increased. Results from the second test series are discussed in the context of rock fracture behaviour induced by mechanical bits acting alone. The likely influence of waterjets on these fracture processes is analysed. It is concluded that, in terms of the bit force reductions, a dominant influence of the jets when used in conjunction with sharp drag bits, is continuous removal of the rock debris that forms ahead of the advancing bit. The observed reductions in bit wear and incidence of frictional sparking are attributed to reduced heat loading of the bit during the cutting operation. Reductions in the dust make are attributed to effective wetting of the fine rock particles before they become entrained in the airstream.  相似文献   

Thermal properties as controls on rock surface temperature maxima,and possible implications for rock weathering     

J. P. McGreevy 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1985,10(2):125-136

Four rock types (basalt, sandstone, granite, and chalk) are examined with respect to the maximum surface temperatures which they experience when subjected to similar conditions of exposure. Rock temperature measurements are reported for an urban environment and for two experimental situations in which an infrared lamp is used to simulate heating under cold and hot conditions. Differences in rock temperatures are discussed with reference to thermal rock properties (albedo, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity). Some natural situations are suggested in which thermal rock properties could conceivably play a role in determining the extent to which rocks would be affected by particular weathering processes.  相似文献   

A theory of the cutting force for point-attack picks     

Ivor Evans 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1984,2(1):63-71

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