中国西北叠合盆地的主要构造特征   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

汤良杰  贾承造  金之钧  马宗晋 《地学前缘》2003,10(Z1):118-124

探讨了中国西北地区大型叠合含油气盆地的主要特征 ,研究表明 ,在中国西北叠合盆地发展演化过程中 ,构造变革和构造耦合起着主导作用。构造变革包括大地构造格局的转变、沉积区和剥蚀区的转换、盆地类型的转换、大型区域性不整合的出现以及发生盆地构造反转等 ,这种构造变革具有多期性。叠合盆地构造耦合的方式主要涉及深部和浅部构造的耦合和盆山耦合等。盆山转换、盆山过渡带深部浅部构造的耦合、盆地沉降与造山带隆升耦合以及不同方向构造的耦合 ,反映了盆山耦合的多样性和复杂性。中国西北叠合盆地构造特征主要表现为构造的分层性、分带性、分段性、交叉性以及区域构造应力场的多变性 ,喜马拉雅运动对于中国西北叠合盆地最后的构造改造以及构造定型起着重要的制约作用。  相似文献   

Changes in source parameters of foreshocks and aftershocks of the 2001 M_S=6.0 Yajiang, Sichuan, earthquake     

程万正  陈天长  魏娅玲  朱航 《地震学报(英文版)》2003,16(4)

Introduction An MS=6.0 earthquake occurred on February 23, 2001 in Yajiang county, Sichuan Province. The earthquake is located on the east of the southeast segment of the Litang-Dewu fault with strike of NW. Before the event, on February 14, an MS=5.0 earthquake took place nearly in the same place. In 1948 an MS=7.3 earthquake occurred on the northwestern segment of the Litang fault. The length of the surface rupture belt caused by the earthquake is 70 km, which extended from Litang to…  相似文献   

Recurrence characteristics of late-quaternary strong earthquakes on the major active faults along the northern border of Ordos block   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冉勇康  陈立春  杨晓平  韩竹军 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(Z2)

Through study on trenches, analysis of recurrence characteristics and recurrence interval cluster/gap of strong earthquakes along the major active faults on the northern border of Ordos block, we found 62 paleoearthquakes that occurred in the late Quaternary, including 33 earthquakes occurring in the Holocene. The recurrence characteristics of the paleoearthquakes are different at three levels, segments, faults, and fault zones. The strong seismic sequence on the independent segments is mostly characterized by long- and short-interval recurrences, while that on the faults and in fault zone is characterized clearly by random and cluster recurrences. Results of the moving window test indicate that the probabilities of "temporal cluster or gap", caused by random coincidence as opposed to intersegment contagion, are 64% and 70% for the Serteng piedmont fault and for the south-border fault of Wula Mountains, respectively, no clear interaction among the segments of each fault; while the probability is 26.8% for the whole fault zone, suggesting a clear interaction among the faults of this fault zone. These recurrence characteristics may imply an effect of the entire block motion on the recurrence of strong earthquakes. Moreover, the elapsed time for the Wujumeng Pass-Dongfeng Village segment of Serteng piedmont fault and the Tuzuo Banner-Wusutu and the Hohhot segments of Daqingshan piedmont fault has exceeded the average recurrence interval, hence these three segments may be the possible places for future strong earthquakes.  相似文献   

Geomechanical Properties of Shear Zones in the Eastern Aar Massif,Switzerland and their Implication on Tunnelling     

S. Laws  E. Eberhardt  S. Loew  F. Descoeudres 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2003,36(4):271-303

Summary ¶Rock zones containing a high fracture density and/or soft, low cohesion materials can be highly problematic when encountered during tunnel excavation. For example in the eastern Aar massif of central Switzerland, experiences during the construction of the Gotthard highway tunnel showed that heavily fractured areas within shear zones were responsible for overbreaks in the form of chimneys several metres in height. To understand and estimate the impact of the shear zones on rock mass behaviour, knowledge concerning the rock mass strength and deformation characteristics is fundamental. A series of laboratory triaxial tests, performed on samples from granite- and gneiss-hosted shear zones revealed that with increasing degree of tectonic overprint, sample strength decreases and rock behaviour shows a transition from brittle to ductile deformation. These trends may be explained by increasing fracture densities, increasing foliation intensity, increasing thickness of fine-grained, low cohesion fracture infill, and increasing mica content associated with the increasing degree of tectonic overprint. As fracture density increases and the influence of discrete, persistent discontinuities on rock mass strength decreases, behaviour of the test samples becomes more and more representative of rock mass behaviour, i.e. that of a densely fractured continuum. For the purpose of numerical modeling calculations, the shear zones may be subdivided with respect to an increasing fracture density, foliation intensity and mica content into a strongly foliated zone, a fractured zone and a cohesionless zone, which in turn exhibit brittle, brittle-ductile and ductile rock mass constitutive behaviour, respectively.Received December 17, 2001; accepted January 9, 2003 Published online April 29, 2003  相似文献   

Weather as a Chronic Hazard for Road Transportation in Canadian Cities   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Jean Andrey  Brian Mills  Mike Leahy  Jeff Suggett 《Natural Hazards》2003,28(2-3):319-343

Inclement weather creates a chronic hazard for Canadian travellers. Past studies indicate that road collision rates increase during precipitation, although the magnitude of theincrease varies from study to study, partly as a result of variations in weather and driving conditions,but also because of differences in methods. The goal of the current study is to improve ourunderstanding of the links between weather and travel risk in mid-sized Canadian cities by using astandardized method for analyzing data from six cities with different climates: Halifax-Dartmouth,Ottawa, Québec, Hamilton, Waterloo Region, and Regina. The study has four interrelated objectives: (1) Toconduct a sensitivity analysis to determine the extent to which risk estimates vary depending onthe criteria used to define precipitation events and `normal' conditions; (2) To compare therelative risk of collision and injury during precipitation relative to `normal' conditions; (3) Todetermine the extent to which weather-related risks vary fordifferent Canadian cities; and (4) To explore any differences in collision characteristics between events and controls, especially as theyvary from city to city. Results are based on a matched-pair analysis, using six-hour time blocks over afour-year period, 1995 to 1998. Results indicate only modest sensitivity to the criteria used to define precipitation events and `normal' conditions. On average, precipitation is associated with a 75 percentincrease in traffic collisions and a 45 percent increase in related injuries, as compared to `normal'seasonal conditions, but risk levels vary depending on the characteristics of the weather event.Both sensitivity to specific weather conditions and weather-related accident profiles vary from city tocity in ways that are not easily explained.  相似文献   

Hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of groundwater in the Souss Upstream Basin, southwestern Morocco     

K. Dindane  L. Bouchaou  Y. Hsissou  M. Krimissa   《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2003,36(4):315-327

Heterogeneous shallow Plio-Quaternary formations of the Souss Plain represent the most important aquifer in southern High Atlas Mountains in Morocco. The present work was conducted in the Souss Upstream Basin to identify the chemical characteristics and the origin of groundwater in an aquifer under semi-arid climate. Isotopic and hydrochemical compositions combined with geological and hydrogeological data were used for this purpose. The total dissolved solids vary from 239 to 997 mg l⁻¹, and the following groundwater types are recognized: Ca²⁺–Mg²⁺–HCO₃⁻, Ca²⁺–Mg²⁺–SO₄²⁻ and Ca²⁺–Mg²⁺–Cl⁻. The groundwater is saturated and slightly supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals and undersaturated with respect to evaporite minerals, which means that the groundwater composition is largely controlled by the dissolution of carbonate rocks known in the basin. The isotopic contents of groundwaters ranged from −8‰ to −5.2‰ for δ¹⁸O, from −52‰ to −34‰ for δD, and from 0 to 5.5 TU for tritium. The hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotope signatures reveal a significant infiltration before evaporation takes place, indicating a major recharge directly from fractures in the crystalline and limestone formations of Atlas Mountains (above 800 m a.s.l.) and infiltration of surface water in the alluvial cones at the border of the Atlas basins. The very low tritium values suggest that the groundwater recharge follows a long flow path and a mixing between old and modern water is shown. However, a slight evaporation effect is noted in the southern part of the basin close to the Anti-Atlas Mountains.  相似文献   

清江水布垭水利枢纽地下厂房围岩变形特性研究     

朱杰兵  许阳 《岩土力学》2003,(Z1)

通过在水布垭水利枢纽地下厂房中进行变形试验,研究了厂房区岩体的变形特性,采用反分析法进行粘弹性反分析,反演出地应力、弹性模量及粘性参数,并与现场试验结果进行比较,对反算值进行评价。  相似文献   

柯树背岩体的副矿物特征及地质意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

胡恭任  刘丛强  陈培荣  于瑞莲 《地球学报》2003,24(3):231-236

本文详细研究了柯树背岩体的岩石学及副矿物学特征，研究发现F9大断裂以西部分(西体)与F9大断裂以东部分(东体)在岩性、矿物组成、副矿物特征、锆石群型特征上存在很大差别，副矿物特征、锆石群型特征指示东体与寨背岩体类似，为同熔系列花岗岩；西体为重熔再生岩浆成因的改造型花岗岩。这一认识对于该区的铀金找矿具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

湖南中生代陆内构造变形的深部过程：煌斑岩地球化学示踪   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

梁新权  范蔚茗  王岳军 《地球学报》2003,24(6):603-610

湖南煌斑岩以富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素，而亏损高强场元素(Nb-Ta-Ti)为特征，同位素以高^87Sr/^86Sr、低^143Nd／^144Nd为特征。源区可能为早期俯冲交代的古老岩石圈富集地幔。煌斑岩的侵入是软流圈上涌的结果，表明湖南地区于晚三叠世已从岩石圈的挤压阶段开始向岩石圈伸展-减薄阶段转换。  相似文献   

江西省7至9月水汽资源特征   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

李玉林  杨梅  曾光平 《气象科技》2003,31(3):167-173

根据天气学原理 ,对 11个探空站 1988～ 1997年 7、8、9月逐日 (0 7时、19时 )资料与同期天气系统 (低槽、副热带高压、低压辐合、东风波、台风低压、大陆高压、台风外围 )进行计算与分析 ,结果表明 ,江西省 1988～ 1997年 7～ 9月平均水汽量值为 4 .4 6 g·cm-2 ,其中 :0 7时为 4 .4 4 g·cm-2 ,19时为 4 .4 7g·cm-2 ,7、8、9月平均水汽量值各为4 .8g·cm-2 、4 .6 4 g·cm-2 、4 .0 9g·cm-2 。水汽量分布为南部高北部低 ,东部和西部居中。东风波影响时水汽量最大 ,值为 9.2 3g·cm-2 ,大陆高压影响时水汽量最小 ,值为 0 .78g·cm-2 。轻度干旱频率区水汽量值最大 ,为4 .81g·cm-2 ,最小值出现在重度干旱频率区 ,为 0 .72 g·cm-2 。夏季水汽交换次数为 9.4次 /月 ,水汽更新率为 10 .2天。  相似文献