基于层次分析法的城市非工程性防震减灾能力综合评价模型     

肖遥  丁浩  王超  齐鑫  黄河 《防灾减灾学报》2015,(4):35-42

城市非工程性防震减灾能力对于降低城市地震灾害具有重要作用,但该概念中含有众多影响因素,而且与城市的空间分布情况有关。为了科学的评价分析该能力,本文采用了层次分析法对城市非工程性防震减灾能力各影响因素进行分析,建立多层次结构模型,确定各因素影响权重,并将其嵌入Arc GIS平台,关联城市空间分布形成数据库,开发了城市非工程性防震减灾能力评价系统,实现了快速评价和结果可视化,可以有效提高决策效能,为未来城市非工程性防震减灾规划提供了有力支撑。  相似文献   

Long-term changes in coral assemblages under natural and anthropogenic stress in Jakarta Bay (1920-2005)     

Sancia E.T. van der Meij  Suharsono 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(9):1442-1454

Coral reefs in Jakarta Bay have been subjected to scientific studies since the 1920s. Also from that time on biological collections were made. The reefs in the Jakarta Bay have been under long-term natural and anthropogenic stress. With the biological collections and historical documents the coral species richness in Jakarta Bay around 1920 was reconstructed. New data from this bay and the adjacent offshore Thousand Islands archipelago were obtained during a 2005 research expedition. A comparison of the coral assemblages between 1920 and 2005 reveals a clear decline in species numbers. The most prominent results include the near-shore disappearance of species belonging to the families Acroporidae, Milleporidae, and to a lesser extent Poritidae. The overall coral species composition of the reefs has changed considerably, which is partly reflected in a strong decline in coral species richness. About half the number of species recorded in 1920 was found again in 2005.  相似文献   

中国大陆科学探井岩性的VSP地震特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨正华  朱光明  周小伟 《现代地质》2009,23(6)

中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)井位于苏鲁超高压变质带南部,地处郯庐断裂东侧的东海县境内。VSP地震勘探为CCSD多学科研究内容之一,利用数字地震仪(HF300)和多级三分量数字检波器(GeoChain)对探井进行了VSP测量。结合VSP勘探结果和CCSD探井5000 m岩性资料,分析了井中岩性分段特征、超高压变质岩的地震响应特征和vp/vs比值特征,取得了若干具有科学意义的结论:(1)以榴辉岩的分布和组合特征进行的岩性分段比较合理,每段的VSP速度和测井密度等特征和岩性分布具有很好的一致性。(2)榴辉岩与片麻岩界面以及剪切带均可形成强反射,正/副片麻岩界面也可产生明显反射,透镜状和条带状岩体的反射同相轴呈现不同程度的弯曲,剪切带的反射同相轴连续性好。(3)榴辉岩以高波速(6.3 km/s)、低vp/vs值(1.2)和波组强而稀疏为特征,副片麻岩以较高波速(6.1 km/s)、高vp/vs值(1.8)和波组较稀疏为特征,正片麻岩以较低波速(5.8 km/s)、中等vp/vs值(1.5)和波组较密集为特征,而剪切带以强反射、vp/vs值最高(2.2)为特征,而且不论剪切带出现在哪种岩性中其vp/vs值都很高。该研究成果不但揭示了变质带的地震响应特征,同时为二维或三维地面地震解释提供科学依据,减少解释分析中的多解性和不确定性,能够有效地提高中国大陆科学钻探孔区地质构造解释的可信度,为其他学科研究提供依据。  相似文献   

Exploring the reasons for the seasons using Google Earth, 3D models,and plots     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):582-603

ABSTRACT

Public understanding of climate and climate change is of broad societal importance. However, misconceptions regarding reasons for the seasons abound amongst students, teachers, and the public, many of whom believe that seasonality is caused by large variations in Earth’s distance from the Sun. Misconceptions may be reinforced by textbook illustrations that exaggerate eccentricity or show an inclined view of Earth’s near-circular orbit. Textbook explanations that omit multiple factors influencing seasons, that do not mesh with students’ experiences, or that are erroneous, hinder scientifically valid reasoning. Studies show that many teachers share their students’ misconceptions, and even when they understand basic concepts, teachers may fail to appreciate the range of factors contributing to seasonal change, or their relative importance. We have therefore developed a learning resource using Google Earth, a virtual globe with other useful, weather- and climate-related visualizations. A classroom test of 27 undergraduates in a public research university showed that 15 improved their test scores after the Google Earth-based laboratory class, whereas 5 disimproved. Mean correct answers rose from 4.7/10 to 6/10, giving a paired t-test value of 0.21. After using Google Earth, students are helped to segue to a heliocentric view.  相似文献   

浅谈复杂地层科学钻探理念          下载免费PDF全文

刘林  陈玉富  黎波  孙丹 《探矿工程》2012,39(Z1):24-26

随着地质找矿方向转向“攻深找盲”,钻探工程施工难度也节节攀升;未来钻孔多以深孔、斜孔为主,面临的地层情况也将越来越复杂,只有坚持科技钻探理念、做好科技钻探理念传承、加强钻探科技发展和更新、做好系统化、标准化、档案化的科学管理,才能为钻探企业注入新的活力,使其能在新的地勘形势下获得更强的生命力。  相似文献   

四川汶川地震断裂带科学钻探2号孔（WFSD-2）岩性特征和断裂带的结构     

张伟  李海兵  黄尧  司家亮  刘栋粱  李勇  王焕  杨光  孙立文 《中国区域地质》2012,(8):1201-1218

以WFSD-2钻孔岩心为研究对象,通过详细的岩心编录和岩石学、构造地质学等研究,识别出该钻孔岩心具有6段岩性,从上向下依次为彭灌杂岩（0-599.31m）、三叠系须家河组二段（599.31-1211.49m）、彭灌杂岩（1211.49-1679.51m）、三叠系须家河组三段（1679.51-1715.48m）、彭灌杂岩（1715.48-2081.47m）、三叠系须家河组四段（2081.47-2283.56m）。彭灌杂岩主要以花岗岩和火山岩为主,三叠系须家河组沉积岩以砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、页岩、煤层（线）和砾岩为主。3套彭灌杂岩与三叠系须家河组沉积岩重复出现,时代较老的岩性段逆冲覆盖在新的地层之上,表明龙门山构造带由一系列逆冲岩片叠置而成。岩心中断裂岩较为发育,主要为断层角砾岩、碎裂岩和断层泥,反映出脆性变形作用的特点。通过对断裂岩的统计分析,厘定了20余条产状不同、规模不等的次级断裂带,断裂带宽度和断裂密度峰值显示FZ600、FZ720、FZ782、FZ817、FZ922、FZ951、FZ1449、FZ1681、FZ2082为主要断裂带,其中FZ1681系规模最大的一条断裂。依据断裂岩的组合特征可以将岩心中断裂带的结构以断层泥为核部划分为两大类：对称型断裂带和不对称型断裂带。根据地表破裂带、WFSD-1钻孔岩心中主滑移带位置的几何关系、岩性分层等因素,可推断汶川地震主滑移带应位于FZ1134、FZ1449或FZ1681之中,同时也暗示该地区经常发生类似汶川地震的大地震活动。研究表明,龙门山地区经历了强烈的构造缩短和快速隆升作用,暗示龙门山地区构造活动非常强烈。  相似文献   

四川龙门山安县-灌县断裂带的特征——以汶川地震断裂带科学钻探3号孔（WFSD-3）岩心为例     

杨光  李海兵  张伟  刘栋梁  司家亮  王焕  黄尧  李勇 《中国区域地质》2012,(8):1219-1232

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探（WFSD）是由科技部、国土资源部和中国地震局联合组织实施的汶川地震断裂带科学钻探研究项目,计划在同震地表破裂带（龙门山映秀-北川断裂和安县-灌县断裂）的上盘布置5口科学群钻：WFSD-1、WFSD-2、WFSD-3、WFSD-3P和WFSD-4,其中WFSD-3和WFSD-3P位于龙门山前山断裂安县-灌县断裂的上盘。以WFSD-3钻孔岩心为研究对象,进行详细的岩石学、构造学、野外编录等研究。WFSD-3钻孔岩心中的断裂岩主要由断层角砾岩、碎裂岩和断层泥组成,未见假玄武玻璃。钻孔中存在26条规模不等的断裂带,断裂密度显示FZ634、FZ1215和FZ1250为主要断裂带,而FZ1250可能为2008年汶川地震的主滑移带。安县-灌县断裂在地表和WFSD-3P、WFSD-3钻孔岩心中的断层倾角分别约为60°、46°和38°,显示安县-灌县断裂倾角从地表至深部逐渐变缓,为一铲式逆冲断层。  相似文献   

3维GIS技术进展     

朱庆 《测绘软科学研究》2011,9(2):25-27,33

从基本概念、应用需求和技术动态等方面就3维GIS技术的发展与演进进行了简要评述,强调了专业化与大众化两种应用对3维GIS提出的不同挑战。  相似文献   

撰写科技论文的若干要点     

张友联 《四川地震》2011,(1):43-46

针对科技论文中常见的写作问题,论述了如何写好科技论文的要点.写好的科技论文应该做到术语的正确运用、主题突出、结构合理、层次清晰、推理符合逻辑、论证严谨以及符合国家和相应出版社和期刊杂志的写作要求.这对促进科技成果的推广、信息交流与科学技术的发展是非常重要的.  相似文献   

Nanogeology in China: A review     

《China Geology》2018,1(2):286-303

Nanogeology is a subject that is a combination of geology and nanoscale science, and it has been a frontier field in recent years. It is also a new subject with the features of intersectionality and multidisciplinary. Digging deeper into geological problems and nanoscale phenomena helps better revealing the more essential mechanisms and processes in geological science, which is also an evitable path in the development of geology. In this paper, we elaborate the concept, feature and main subdisciplines, and summarize three stages of nanogeology development from preliminary research in the 1990s to subject formation in China. After summarizing the researchers’ achievements in this field, we illustrate some primary research progresses of nanogeology in China as eight subdisciplines. On the basis of the above content, we propose the development prospect of nanogeology in China. There are many geologic problems with scientific values and economic benefits, such as research of geologic fundamental problems, resource exploration and development, mechanism study and prediction of geological activities (disasters), mechanism research and management of environmental pollution and others. Nanogeology has a great potential in China to solve all of these problems. As a result, the theories and methods of nanogeology will become enriching and advanced. It offers important theoretical basis and technological methods to deal with major issues concerning the national economy and the people’s livelihoods, such as the prediction of geological activities, as well as resource distribution and its exploration and utilization.  相似文献