基于大炮初至的近地表层析反演方法研究及应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨晶  徐维秀  宋建国 《物探与化探》2011,35(4):499-504

详细研究了射线追踪、层析反演方法原理以及层析反演数值求解算法,提出了利用大炮初至直接建立初始地震模型,由小折射和微测井进行约束的层析反演近地表速度模型的处理流程,提出了基于多次回溯的高精度快速射线追踪算法和层析反演数值求解算法。采用双重网格技术提高正演模拟计算精度和层析反演的成像质量,另外,充分考虑多种质量控制方案,确保最终的反演速度模型精确。设计了10种不同地表地质条件的理论模型,进行模型试算,并在实际生产中应用,理论模型试算和实际资料反演结果证明了本文方法的正确性。  相似文献   

四川省汶川大地震成因及次生灾害     

宋洪伟  夏凡  龙文华  殷夏 《城市地质》2011,6(2):1-3,17

2008年5月12日14时28分,四川阿坝藏族羌族自治州境内的汶川县（31°N,103．4°E）发生了里氏8．0级浅源地震。震区范围长240km,宽30km,等震线呈长椭圆形,长轴为北东向,震中烈度约为10度,深度为12～19km。震区涉及四川绵阳市北川,德阳、汶川,成都、都江堰、广元、重庆以及甘肃、云南、陕西、河南等地区。除了吉林、黑龙江和新疆地区外,全国都有震感。在北川、汶川等多地区出现次生灾害。地震的发震构造是龙门山构遣带中央断裂带。  相似文献   

Longitudinal and depth variation of bacterioplankton productivity and related factors in a temperate estuary     

Benjamin L. Peierls  Hans W. Paerl 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Bacterioplankton productivity (BP) spatial variation was investigated in relation to potential resources, including primary productivity and dissolved organic matter, in the micro-tidal Neuse River–Pamlico Sound estuarine system, North Carolina, USA. Estuarine BP was predicted to correlate with the trophic gradient, decreasing along the salinity gradient in parallel with the decrease in organic matter and primary productivity. This prediction was tested over four years at spatial scales ranging from kilometers to meters along the riverine axis and with depth. The general pattern of BP across the salinity gradient was unimodal and matched the phytoplankton patterns in peak location and variability. Peak locations varied with discharge, especially in 2003 when above average discharge moved peaks downstream. Spatial coherence of BP with other variables was much less at short time scales. The effect of temperature, nutrients, and phytoplankton on BP varied by location, especially fresh versus brackish stations, although only temperature explained more than 20% of the BP variation. Depth variation of BP was as great as longitudinal variation and bottom samples were often higher than surface. BP was strongly correlated with particulate organic carbon at the pycnocline and bottom, highlighting the importance of particulate matter as a resource. Station-averaged BP and phytoplankton data corresponded well with two published meta-analyses, although the offset of the freshwater station suggested longitudinal differences in community composition or resource availability.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地凝析气田的地质特征及其形成机制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨海军  朱光有 《岩石学报》2013,29(9):3233-3250

塔里木盆地凝析油气资源丰富,已发现了二十余个凝析气田,包括库车坳陷的陆相油气来源的凝析气田和台盆区海相烃源岩来源的凝析气田;储层有碎屑岩,也有碳酸盐岩;时代自奥陶系至新生代均有分布。这些凝析气田的气油比分布在600~19900m³/m³,凝析油含量40~750g/m³;储层温度在78~155℃;地层压力在37~111MPa。研究认为,塔里木盆地凝析气藏的成因类型可以分为原生凝析气藏和次生凝析气藏。其中,以库车坳陷迪那2凝析气田为代表的煤系烃源岩在高演化阶段(镜质体反射率Ro为1.2%~2.0%),即凝析油和湿气生成带所形成的原生腐植型凝析气藏或煤成型凝析气藏。次生凝析气藏包括两类:陆相油气来源的多期充注,晚期干气对早期油藏发生混合改造,形成了以牙哈为代表的陆相油气成因的次生凝析气藏;以海相油气来源,多期油气充注与晚期干气气侵,造成蒸发分馏,在运移、聚集和成藏过程中烃体系分异、富化,发生反凝析作用,从而导致次生凝析气藏的形成。随着塔里木盆地勘探向深层转化,地层的温度和压力逐渐增高,烃类演化程度的升高,不同生烃阶段的烃体系混合也将更为普遍,次生凝析气藏也将更为普遍,因此,以海相油气来源的次生成因型凝析气藏将成为勘探的主体。  相似文献   

云南元阳大坪金矿矿床成因讨论     

刘玉昆 《云南地质》2013,(4):386-388

金矿位于哀牢山构造变质岩带、金（贵金属）成矿带南部西侧,含金石英脉分布于小新街断裂两侧的次级构造裂隙中,矿脉严格受次级压扭性断裂控制.  相似文献   

砂砾岩油藏已开发区测井二次解释方法及应用——以克拉玛依油田五3中区三叠系克下组油藏为例          下载免费PDF全文

徐春华  范小秦  邓强 《江苏地质》2013,37(2):193-202

油藏已开发区测井二次解释的目的是油藏精细描述、剩余油分布研究的基础.以克拉玛依油田五3中区三叠系克下组油藏砂砾岩储层解释为例,探讨了测井二次解释几个关键参数的选择和取舍,认为已开发油藏由于有了更多的后期生产井产出资料,可以对油、水层的认识更准确,测井二次解释参数的取舍才会更为合理,对油藏储层的认识会更可靠,对储层的性征剖析更深入.因此可以获得更准确的储量数据.  相似文献   

A layered model of the upper crust in the Aigion region of Greece,inferred from arrival times of the 2001 earthquake sequence     

O.?NovotnyEmail author  J.?Jansky  V.?Plicka  H.?Lyon-Caen 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2008,52(1):123-131

The western part of the Gulf of Corinth attracts attention due to its seismically active fault system and considerable seismic hazard. Detailed studies of the seismic activity of the region have been carried out especially as part of the so-called Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL) Project. For standard earthquake locations, the CRL uses the HYPO algorithm and a special structural model that is composed of homogeneous layers (Rigo et al., 1996). This model was derived from a passive seismic experiment in a broader area around the western part of the Gulf. A significant part of the seismic activity is concentrated close to the town of Aigion, which was damaged by a strong earthquake in 1995. A sequence of smaller earthquakes occurred to the south of this town in the year 2001. In the present paper, we have used this sequence to derive an improved structural model for the region in the vicinity of the town of Aigion. This new model is based on the minimization of travel-time residuals. In particular, we used arrival times from a subset of 88 events recorded by at least 5 stations of the southern part of the CRL network, had magnitudes of over 2.3, and were recorded at the nearest station (station code AIO). A variant of the method of conjugate gradients has been used for this purpose. In comparison with the model derived by Rigo et al. (1996), the new model is characterized by a higher ν_P/ν_S velocity ratio and by higher velocities to a depth of about 7 km. The new model was derived with the aim to get more accurate locations of future events in the vicinity of the town of Aigion.  相似文献   

基于ERDAS二次开发的震害图像信息提取方法研究     

陈文凯  何少林  张景发  张磊  罗毅 《华南地震》2009,29(2):19-27

通过ERDAS IMAGINE软件二次开发,建立了一些实用的震害信息提取方法,利用这些方法开发的震害遥感信息提取的程序模块对1976年唐山地震影像、1999年台湾集集地震影像及Quickbid影像进行了处理,将得到的结果与目视解译结果进行对比,结果表明研究中提出的震害信息提取方法具有较好的实用性.  相似文献   

再生烃油气系统成因及全球分布   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

赵宗举 《海相油气地质》2005,10(4):5-12

经典油气系统理论与方法主要侧重于对由烃源岩一次生烃形成的原生油气系统的研究,而对由烃源岩二次生烃或多次生烃过程所形成的特殊油气系统的研究不够。提出了再生烃油气系统的定义为:曾经有过生烃过程但因后期抬升而暂停生烃的烃源岩被再次深埋或在构造热事件的作用下,由烃源岩二次或多次生烃过程所形成的油气系统,其中的油气藏称之为再生烃油气藏。指出了再生烃油气系统的特征为:(1)具多旋回构造演化历史;(2)烃类热成熟度较高,多表现为天然气及凝析油;(3)晚期成藏;(4)油气藏规模以中小型为多,少数为大型甚至特大型;(5)油气藏分布主要受“二次生烃”或晚期生烃中心控制。对再生烃油气系统的主要形成条件进行了阐述。介绍了潜在的再生烃油气系统在中国以及全球的分布状况。  相似文献   

球面交切法地震定位   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

廉超  李胜乐  董曼  蔡永建  张卫华 《大地测量与地球动力学》2006,26(2):99-103

提出了适合于近震及远震定位的球面交切法。该方法在球面上直接进行交切运算,只要知道3个以上台站的S-P到时差(或只要根据震相求出震中距)就能快速定出震中位置,台网布局、震源深度、发震时刻对震中定位的影响较小。使用该方法对三峡水库蓄水以后发生的较大地震进行了精确定位,结果表明其应用效果较好。  相似文献